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In the years of 2001 to 2004, right before “Never Let Me Go” by Kazuo Ishiguro was published, scientists were trying to come up with a way to clone humans for the sole purpose of improving the health of real humans. Their idea did not seem so terrifying at the time, but Ishiguro brings the experiment to life and exposes its reality by showing what effect genetically manipulating humans could have on society. “The novel [should] be read as a warning against [cloning]...and the moral issues it raises (Constantakis, Pg. 211).” The amount of truth and possibility of this fictional world becoming a reality is eerily frightening; Cloning is detrimental to human beings, and would destroy our community on a worldwide scale.
Essentially, the cloning idea was created for the betterment of human
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This forces the student to move to The Cottages, where they were to remain until they were ready to donate their vital organs. There is unnecessary tension between the public and Hailsham because of the need to segregate and establish the difference between the clones and humans. When people think about genetically mutated humans, twisted curiosity forms inside of us, and it becomes unbearable to fully comprehend the inhumanity about it due to the burning desire to know the unknown, but there is always an uncomfortable sense of wrongness. With the humans in the world of “Never Let Me Go”, this was not an issue because therapeutic cloning was not an idea, it was an action already taken years in advance. However, after the “Morningdale Scandal...No one wanted to be seen supporting [Hailsham and other clone institutes] anymore (Ishiguro, Pg.
Living in a world where they have successfully created human clones for organ donations, is not a great achievement to mankind in any way, shape, or form. It makes you wonder, where exactly do you draw the line between the advancement of technology and the dehumanization that occurs because of it?" Never Let Me Go is a Novel based in the main character Kathy’s memories of her experience in Hailsham and after she left. Hailsham is a boarding school for children who have been cloned from people considered as low life’s or unsuccessful, the only purpose given too these children are for them to develop into adults and donate as many of their mature organs as they can till they die, or as the students and guardians refer to it “complete”. The author focuses on the sick ways of our current society and warns us about the possible future that may be introduced and excepted, Kazuo Ishiguro writes with the intent of teaching and affecting the reader on an emotional level at the same time.
In the novel, Never Let Me Go, Kathy is a clone, created to donate her vital organs for human health. However, the school Hailsham was created to collect student’s artwork to show clone’s humanity, to convince others that clones should not have predetermined deaths. Despite Hailsham’s efforts,
Kass, Leon, and James Q. Wilson, eds. The ethics of human cloning. American Enterprise Institute, 1998.
Children grow up watching movies such as Star Wars as well as Gattaca that contain the idea of cloning which usually depicts that society is on the brink of war or something awful is in the midsts but, with todays technology the sci-fi nature of cloning is actually possible. The science of cloning obligates the scientific community to boil the subject down into the basic category of morality pertaining towards cloning both humans as well as animals. While therapeutic cloning does have its moral disagreements towards the use of using the stem cells of humans to medically benefit those with “incomplete” sets of DNA, the benefits of therapeutic cloning outweigh the disagreements indubitably due to the fact that it extends the quality of life for humans.
It has been long debated whether genetics or the environment in which one is raised impacts human psychological development the most. In Never Let Me Go, Kazuo Ishiguro shows that nurture cannot overcome one’s hereditary inclinations. Ishiguro exploits a world where human nature powerfully contradicts nurturing. He shows us that people, no matter how they were created or how they were raised, desire to be loved and accepted and need to know where they came from and what their future possibilities are.
But on the contrary, many scientists believe that cloning can be such a positive achievement, not only for medical purposes, but for fighting extinction. For example, what if they could clone many of the endangered species that exist today? There are very few hundred of many beautiful animals that if something isn’t done to save them, they will be extinct in a few years. So if scientists could successfully clone and create these endangered species, although it would still depend on the clone maturing correctly and being able to reproduce successfully, it could be a great
In conclusion, it is clear to see that cloning is not the taboo it has been made out to be. It is a new boundary that humanity has never encountered before and so it is understandable that people have qualms about ‘playing God’ by shaping a life. Although some might argue that it is immoral to clone human beings, the truth is that it is unethical not to. Given that such technology has the potential to save millions upon millions of lives, not tapping into that industry would have dire consequences on the future. In this case, the ends more certainly justify the means.
During their Hailsham days, Ruth acquired a unique pencil case from one of the Exchanges. She is later showing it off to her friends in a classroom and when someone asked where she got it she replied vaguely, but implies that a guardian gave it to her. Kathy, for some reason, is very angry at this and is determined to figure out where she actually got it from. They have a small fight, but it is their relationship is soon patched. On reflecting on this time, Kathy thinks, “Didn’t we all dream from time to time about one guardian or other bending the rules and doing something special for us? A spontaneous hug, a secret letter, a gift?” (pg. 60). Here we see the idea of dreaming among the clones. By using this innately human characteristic of wanting more, in both a greedy way and an idealistic way, we see that the clones are human. Another time at Hailsham, Kathy is listening to a tape with the song “Never Let Me Go” by fictional Judy Bridgewater. She can explain the scenario the best, “I just waited for that bit that went: ‘Baby, baby, never let me go…’ And what I’d imagine was a woman who’d been told she couldn’t have babies, who’d really, really wanted them all her life. Then there’s a sort of miracle and she has a baby,” (pg. 70). The point here is that we see the clones having imagination. In most extraterrestrial fiction, creativity sets humans apart. This case is true in real life as well, we are the only species on our planet to shape the world as we do because of our imagination and intellect. This theme of creativity being human is carried out through the book as well, with the purpose of Madame’s gallery and Hailsham of that of humans trying to show that clones are humans to the rest of society. Another instance of this fantasization we see in the Cottages. The whole group is hanging out in a common area and the idea of possibles comes up. Possibles are the possible model a clone is
In the essay, Cloning Reality: Brave New World by Wesley J. Smith, a skewed view of the effects of cloning is presented. Wesley feels that cloning will end the perception of human life as sacred and ruin the great diversity that exists today. He feels that cloning may in fact, end human society as we know it, and create a horrible place where humans are simply a resource. I disagree with Wesley because I think that the positive effects of controlled human cloning can greatly improve the quality of life for humans today, and that these benefits far outweigh the potential drawbacks that could occur if cloning was misused.
“Cloning represents a very clear, powerful, and immediate example in which we are in danger of turning procreation into manufacture.” (Kass) The concept of cloning continues to evoke debate, raising extensive ethical and moral controversy. As humans delve into the fields of science and technology, cloning, although once considered infeasible, could now become a reality. Although many see this advancement as the perfect solution to our modern dilemmas, from offering a potential cure for cancer, AIDS, and other irremediable diseases, its effects are easily forgotten. Cloning, especially when concerning humans, is not the direction we must pursue in enhancing our lives. It is impossible for us to predict its effects, it exhausts monetary funds, and it harshly abases humanity.
Last of all, Cloning is not ethical, many religious groups look down upon cloning and think it’s not proper because they think it’s like playing God. Many scientists were mainly thinking about cloning animals and, most likely, humans in the future to harvest their organs and then kill them. “Who would actually like to be harvested and killed for their organs?” “Human cloning exploits human beings for our own self-gratification (Dodson, 2003).” A person paying enough money could get a corrupt scientist to clone anybody they wanted, like movie stars, music stars, athletes, etc (Andrea Castro 2005),” whether it be our desire for new medical treatments or our desire to have children on our own genetic terms (Dodson, 2003).
In the article that I chose there are two opposing viewpoints on the issue of “Should Human Cloning Ever Be Permitted?” John A. Robertson is an attorney who argues that there are many potential benefits of cloning and that a ban on privately funded cloning research is unjustified and that this type of research should only be regulated. On the flip side of this issue Attorney and medical ethicist George J. Annas argues that cloning devalues people by depriving them of their uniqueness and that a ban should be implemented upon it. Both express valid points and I will critique the articles to better understand their points.
The clones are alienated, which accentuates non-humanistic attributes. This humanizes them because being alienated causes them to adapt to each other. The topic of sex is often referenced because the clones do not know how to correctly procreate, “The trouble was, the books we had at Hailsham weren’t all helpful. We had a lot of nineteenth century stuff[books] … which was more or less useless. [Modern books] wasn’t ever very clear what was happening because the authors always assumed you’d already had a lot of sex before" (Ishiguro 99).
Kazuo Ishiguro’s critically acclaimed 2005 Novel Never Let Me Go was influenced by cloning and stem cell research in the late 20th century. Many ethical discussions were raised, and Ishiguro displayed his perspective from his about clones that demonstrate the human experience to the core. The story was adapted into a film by the same name in 2010, directed by Mark Romanek. The novel explores plot, setting, character, literary techniques and themes by telling the story of cloned organ donors, forced to die for the good of humanity, all of which are well represented in the film adaptation.
Scientific Myths Cause Fear for the Future There has been a lot of discussion between the benefits and negatives about cloning. As the year’s progress, and the technology advances, there aren’t many flaws in the idea. People may think that cloning is a bad thing, because it hurts animals, or it hurts the cells of humans, but it’s rather positive, because of the things we learn from it. The main idea of cloning is to research the effect on humans, and how it affects our bodily functions.