Around the late 1400s, Christopher Columbus a western European explorer accidentally discovered North America, trying to sail to Asia. Native American at this time lived in the North American continent, devoted society that rivaled the Europeans. Both cultures, the “New World”(North America) and the “Old World”(Europe) exchanged goods, which was known as the Columbian Exchange. The Columbian exchange included all varieties of exchanges such as plants, animals, culture, human population(included slaves) and ideas. Documents 1,2,4,5,6 and 8 convey the disaster that occurred after Columbus arrive and cultures traded. The Columbus Exchange both had benefits and negatives that affected both the “New World and “Old World”. The Columbian Exchange overall was a harmful event for the “New World”.
The Columbian Exchange was overall an negative event for the
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“New World”. Firstly, the Columbian Exchange brought many new fruits, animals to the “New World” but then the Europeans would find them easy to attack since they had no weapons as quoted on Document 1, “They do not bear arms, and do not know them, for I showed them a sword… They have no iron. Their spears are made of cane”. Furthermore, the Europeans after encountering with the Natives for the first time they had no weapons, they viewed them to be great slaves since they were hard workers conveyed in Document 1, “They would make fine servants… with fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want”. These quotations found in Document 1 express how the Europeans when they encountered the Natives the first time saw how weak they were and were planning to sabotage them and make them their servants, making a negative event for the “New World”. Furthermore, Document 2 conveys how the number of population decreased tremendously after Columbus arrives and attacks, “[In 1508] there were 60,000 people living in on this island [Hispaniola] including the indians; so that from from 1494 to 1508, over three million people had perished from war, slavery, and the mines”. This quotation conveys how the Europeans made them their slaves, and made them work for them, killing most by overworking. Continuously, the Natives were being killed all around with work and their kids to died due to the lack milk, the natives one by one were dying the population decreased, as shown in Document 4, “In this way, husbands died in mines, wives died at work, and children died from lack of milk”. This quotation conveys how the Europeans during the Columbian exchange, took advantage of them making them work for them. Additionally, Columbus didn't travel for finding Asia or conquer land but for money that was the most important aspect why they traveled was written in Document 5, “It is too simplistic to picture him and the other European explorers… they were also animated by a certain restlessness and curiosity”. This quotation a huge aspect why Columbus and the Europeans made the Columbian Exchange an overall harmful thing for the “New World” because they wanted money so they had to conquer the land, killing the Natives. Furthermore, the Columbian exchange brought new fruits and animals but it also brought deadly diseases that killed nearly most of the population,”The Europeans for their part, gave the indians measles and smallpox… to these unfamiliar ailments, they perished in catastrophic numbers”(Document 8, Paragraph 2).
This quotation conveys how the Natives were benefiting from Columbian exchange by getting new fruits and animals but they also got deadly diseases which hunted them tremendously, killing most of the population.Furthermore, in Document 8 illustrate a map with the commodities traded during the Columbian exchange between the “Old World” and “New World”, shows animals and plant but also demonstrate that the “Old World” brought many diseases such as small pox, Influenza, Typhus and much more. The Map made analyzes that the Europeans brought many disease to the “New World” leading the Columbian exchange a overall negative thing for the “New World”, killed most of the Natives, didn't know of the diseases that were brought. Without the Columbian exchange the Natives would os survived today and probably not much
diseases. Overall, the Columbian Exchange was overall a harmful event for the “New World”. Documents 1,2,4,5,6 and 8, all support this idea magnifying that the Columbian Exchange was overall an negative thing for the”New World”. Documents 1, 2 and 3 talked about how the Europeans planned to attack the Natives, make them their slaves and they did, accomplished to eliminate 3 million Natives, and children died because of the lack of milk, killing nearly the whole population. Additionally, Document 5 conveyed that the Europeans main goal for finding land was for money, so they had the idea already to attack any land they find to conquer for Europe and get rich. Furthermore, Document 6 analyzed that the Europeans transmitted deadly disease to the “New World” which infected most killing most of the population. Furthermore, Document 8 map demonstrate the diseases that the Europeans brought diseases such as small pox, Influenza, Typhus and much more to the “New World”. Overall, the Columbian exchange was overall destructive to the “New World”, making the society collapse and turned into slaves by the Europeans.
In Alfred J. Crosby’s book, The Columbian Exchange, the author examines the impact of the New World on the Old World, but also the impact the Old World had on the New World. One key distinction Crosby notes is how the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus challenged the intellectual systems of Christianity and Aristotelianism. Most notably, the discovery of a world that was, in fact, “new” was so contradictory to scholarly work of the past, such as Aristotle or found in the Bible, that assumptions were made on where to fit the New World into a Christian and Aristotelian world. For example, previous findings under Aristotle, which were still utilized into the 15th Century, had “quite logically supposed the equatorial zone of
Some consequences of the exchange are the spread of disease to the Native people and settlers, the destruction of the Native population, and the disappearance of the Natives custom’s, beliefs, and way of life. Columbus’s arrival to the Americas, land that had already been established by the Natives, resulted in a spread of fatal diseases. Disagreement between the Europeans and the Natives and the enslavement of Native people helped to wipe out the population. Document 5 illustrates the fighting that occurred between the Natives and Europeans.
The Columbian Exchange impacted Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans in many ways. Some of the major components of this exchange were plants, animals, and diseases. The Native Americans was impacted because they did not have immune systems capable of handling diseases such as; small pox, the plague, and yellow fever. This resulted in the population of Native Americans being cut by at least 90% over the course of a couple hundred years and making it easier for foreigners to come in and take over. The animal that helped the Native Americans was the horse. It helped them expand and explore places other than agricultural plains like mountains. The Europeans brought back tobacco. Tabaco then lead to many deaths because of its health issues involved with the use. They also got introduced to tomatoes which people thought for a long time was not edible. Africans acquired potatoes and maize, which became a main staple in Africa.
The essay starts with the “Columbian Encounter between the cultures of two old worlds “ (98). These two old worlds were America and Europe. This discovery states that Native Americans contributed to the development and evolution of America’s history and culture. It gives the fact that indians only acted against europeans to defend their food, territory, and themselves.
Nunn, Nathan, and Nancy Qian. "The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas." Journal of Economic Perspectives. Yale University, 2010. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. .
Columbian Exchange, which also call the Grand Exchange, is an exchange of animals, crops, pollution (European and African), culture, infectious diseases and ideology between the eastern and western hemisphere in 15th and 16th centuries. Alfred W. Crosby first proposed this concept in his book “ The Columbian Exchange”, which published in 1972.
This was the positive effect of the encounter and it was largely responsible for the doubling of the world’s population over the next three hundred years. There were also many negative effects to the “Columbian Exchange”. A major consequence was the spread of disease in the New World. Diseases carried by Europeans and Africans devastated the population of the Americas. As Europeans traveled through the Americas, epidemics came with them.
On August 3, 1492, Christopher Columbus departed from Palos, Spain to begin his journey across the Atlantic Ocean. This was the first of many voyages that allowed him to explore a New World where he was able to discover plants, animals, cultures and resources that Europeans had never seen before. The sharing of these resources and combination of the Old and New World has come to be known as the Columbian Exchange. During these explorations, the Europeans brought diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, typhoid and bubonic plague to the New World, wiping out entire Indian populations. There were also many other populations wiped out due to complications that came from this exchange. Were these explorations and the wiping out of entire populations worth the benefits gained by the exchange?
The Columbian exchange was the widespread transfer of various products such as animals, plants, and culture between the Americas and Europe. Though most likely unintentional, the byproduct that had the largest impact from this exchange between the old and new world was communicable diseases. Europeans and other immigrants brought a host of diseases with them to America, which killed as much as ninety percent of the native population. Epidemics ravaged both native and nonnative populations of the new world destroying civilizations. The source of these epidemics were due to low resistance, poor sanitation, and inadequate medical knowledge- “more die of the practitioner than of the natural course of the disease (Duffy).” These diseases of the new world posed a serious
Columbian Exchange or the big exchange was a great exchange on a wide range of animals (Horses, Chickens, sheep, swine, Turkey), plants (Wheat, barley, corn, beans, tomatoes), people and culture, infectious diseases, and ideas, technology (Wheeled vehicles, iron tools, metallurgy) all these things happened between Native Americans and from Europe after the voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492. Resulting in communication between the two cultures to initiate a number of crops that have led to the increase in population in both hemispheres, where the explorers returned to Europe loaded with corn, tomatoes, potatoes, which has become one of the main crops in Eurasia with the solutions of the eighteenth century. At the same time, the Europeans crops, cassava and peanuts to Southeast Asia with a tropical climate.
Christopher Columbus’ discovery of the New World in 1492 sparked an era known as the Columbian Exchange, in which the exchange of plants, animals, technology, ideas, and diseases occurred. It also marked the migration of many European settlers into the Americas, where they implemented their Eurocentric ideology on the First Nations who were residing there. A large amount of Latin Native Americans were taken as slaves back to Europe, or forced to commit rigorous labour and chores on sugar and coffee plantations in the Caribbean or South America. European monarchs utilized such resources through a mercantilist policy, giving Europe an economic boost. Based on the profits they were making through colonialism, they decided to set out and go imperialize more territory around the world. These events reinforce the idea that Europe could only flourish through the marginalization of Aboriginal
Rough Draft Throughout the fifteenth and sixteenth century there was a great expansion into the European exploration and colonization of North America. Many Europeans sought to change their lives in the new world. Here, they could start a new life, and live free of the religious persecution occurring in Europe. The British were one of the main European groups who settled and colonized North America.
The Colombian Exchange was an extensive exchange between the eastern and western hemispheres as knows as the Old World and New World. The Colombian exchange greatly affects almost every society. It prompted both voluntary and forced migration of millions of human beings. There are both positive and negative effects that you can see from the Colombian Exchange. The Colombian Exchange explorers created contact between Europe and the Americas. The interaction with Native Americans began the exchange of animals, plants, disease, and weapons. The most significant effects that the Colombian Exchange had on the Old World and New World were its changes in agriculture, disease, culture, and its effects on ecology.
During the time period 1450 to 1750, the world went through major change and development. Nomadic power declined, and European Kingdoms became world powers. A world trade network was set up as contact amongst nations increased immensely. A population boom occurred throughout the world. Many civilizations that were once isolated were brought into the world economy. The Americas unknown until Christopher Columbus’ voyage in 1492 became a major part of the world economy as many European nations colonized much of the land. Large sea trade arose during this time period first by the Portuguese and Spanish and later by the English, French and Dutch. As European countries began exploring the Americas, an exchange of crops, animals, raw materials, diseases and new ideas were exchanged between the Americas and the rest of the world. This is known as the Columbian Exchange. One major component of the Columbian Exchange was the discovery of tobacco. Tobacco was first discovered in the Americas and became as cash crop. It was imported back to Europe, where it became vastly popular. As many middle class Europeans people began smoking, the demand for more tobacco from the Americas increased; colonies were set up to produce tobacco. With the demand for tobacco so high, labor was needed to farm the crop causing slaves to be imported.
Exploration and Colonization impacted the native peoples in positive and negative ways. These positive and negative impacts include religion, disease, and technology. These expeditions were occurring during the time that many European nations started searching for new trade routes and started spreading their influence to many new cultures. These people had their way of life, but the Europeans thought their way was better so they pushed their ways on the natives. Some Europeans had good relations with natives, but others did not.