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Neanderthal man and evolution
Similarities between humans and Neanderthals
Similarities between humans and Neanderthals
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Introduction:
The idea of Neanderthals behaving in a human way is a very debated topic in both archeology and anthropology. Since the first Neanderthal bones were discovered in 1848, Scientists have repeatedly argued over the idea that Neanderthals shared characteristics of our human nature. To answer this question of whether Neanderthals had humanity we must first obviously compare Neanderthals with modern day humans. This essay will cover a few of the many exciting biological, social and cultural pieces of scientific evidence that show Neanderthals do have a resemblance towards modern day humans and will give rise to the theory of Neanderthals having humanity.
Neanderthals and humans physically overall don’t look very different, apart from
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The burial of the dead is an important part of our human culture and society. The care and time taken to bury an individual shows not only complex way of thinking but an essential social and cultural attribute to humanity. The notion that Neanderthals buried their dead is a very controversial issue in the archeological community and has been highly debated since about the 20th century. New research however on a Neanderthal archaeological site named La Chapelle-aux-Saints in France was presented in 2013 that concluded Neanderthals, like modern humans, did in fact, bury their dead. (Rendu et al. …show more content…
The article called Evidence supporting an intentional Neanderthal burial at La Chapelle-aux-Saints involved a 13-year study on the Neanderthal remains found at the la Chapelle-aux-Saints site discovered in southwestern France in 1908. The first Neanderthal discovered at la Chapelle-aux-saints was in 1908 and dubbed the LCS1 Neanderthal. LCS1 was found in a 39-centimeter-deep pit and has been very highly debated over to be proof that Neanderthals buried their dead. More information and a greater understanding of the La Chapelle site was needed to better understand its occupational purpose and if it was indeed a Neanderthal burial site. Due to this the study began in 1999 and began with the excavation of seven other nearby caves, a further two children and one adult Neanderthal were found based on Neanderthal tooth remains that were found along with the bones of animals such as reindeer and bison. The researchers of the study also went back and examined this 39-centimeter burial pit where the skeletal remains of the LCS1 Neanderthal was discovered to verify whether it was built or simply a natural cave formation. When the pit was examined It showed no evidence of tool use for the pits construction but a
Over the last few hundred years, more and more has been added to the world’s fossil collection, fossils from all over the world. New theories have been created and old theories have almost been proven about the evolution of man. For example, we have proof that different species of man existed with certain types of DNA sequences and instincts, some we may not have anymore, or some that other species did not have back then. Even though it is subjected to much debate, one of the most widely accepted theories however, is that Homo sapiens interbred with the slightly more primitive species of man, the Neanderthal.
Four hypotheses of how the bodies got there occupation, water transport, predation, and death trap were ruled out. A new hypothesis was formulated what if Homo naledi intentionally buried their dead? Although there is not enough evidence yet to confirm this, such behavior would be significant in that it would precede previous cases of the behavior in Neanderthals and humans. This would add to the argument that Homo naledi are of the genus Homo. After the examination of these fossils and extensive research, it was concluded that Homo naledi were a new species of the Homo genus.
The human archaeological record is a long and undefined story that may be the most complex question researched today. One of the big questions in human history is the disappearance of the Neanderthal people from the archaeological record around 30,000 BP. While for thousands of years Neanderthals and Anatomically modern humans crossed paths and perhaps lived in close relations, we have yet to really understand the degree to which they lived together. My hypothesis is that these two hominids, Neanderthals and Anatomically Modern Humans, interbred exchanging genes after Modern Humans dispersed from Africa and creating like cultures and material remains. The differences between Neanderthal and Modern humans are not only physical but also genetically evolved and this research will determine an estimated amount of admixture between the two groups.
The Neanderthal fossil was first discovered in 1829 but it was not until 1856 that conclusions were made. Originally they were not categorized as possible human ancestors until further discoveries of fossils were discovered in the mid-19th century. The taxonomy of the Neanderthals has been highly debated between homo neanderthalensis or homo sapiens because of their close physical similarities with humans, eventually they were ruled as a subspecies of homo sapiens. The similarities between Neanderthals and homo sapiens was traced back by DNA from 350,000 to 500,000 years ago identifying a common ancestor between the two taxonomies.
Even though Neanderthals had some physiological differences between humans, there are proves to say that Neanderthals had some characteristics that related them to humans, and they were really intelligent like
In recent years, the Homo Neanderthalensis were viewed as “subhuman brutes”, but are now seen as a different species from our own (Balter 2001). The Neanderthals were a branch of the Homo genus that evolved in Eurasia at least 200,000 years ago (Fagan 2010). The first Neand...
Neanderthals are the reason why white people have survived in today’s society. They have not only survived though, they became the leaders of today’s world. White people are associated with colonialism, hockey, politics, and business. They are such masterful beings, there must have been a superior gene that has been passed onto them from the Neanderthals. These individuals are leading the world into a positive direction due to leadership skills, and likability. It is important that Neanderthals interbred with Homo sapiens to allow life of the present day white population. Neanderthals were pale, strong, suave creature who seduced Homo sapiens. Traits that many white people have. Thankfully, Neanderthal blood is still alive within white people making them sexy survivalists who have the ability to dominate the world today. This will be proven by looking at their genes impacting survival, humanities preference for them as mates and leaders, and leadership qualities through politics and business.
My Date with Neanderthal Woman Humor was use by the narrator as a deep and dark concept. He described in the story how will be his first date, since he didn’t want to date modern or normal woman. However, he thought on buying flowers to the Neanderthal which has a different culture. Another example which humor was used, was when he went to the cave and hurt his hands knocking on the cave entrance.
Most of their evidence comes from the fossilized bones of Neanderthals and Cro- Magnons, or modern man’s ancestors (Shreeve, 150). There is a definite difference between their bone structures, and it may be a significant enough difference to divide them into species. There is a set of traits that distinguishes Neanderthals. Their general proportions are short, robust, and strong. Males and females of all ages have thick bones, and very pronounced muscle and ligament attachment sites. They also have distinct facial and cranial features. They have a large skull with no chin, a significant brow-ridge, and a large nasal opening (Shreeve, 49-150). They have large brains, around 1400cc, that protrude in the back, causing an occipital bun in the skull (Lecture, 4/19). Cro-Magnons on the other hand look more like humans do today. They are more slender and not as muscular, with chins and rounder skulls with slightly smaller brains among other traits.
Neanderthals and modern humans coexisted for well over 100,000 years. Then suddenly Homo neandertalensis began to die out and surrender the earth to Homo sapiens. Paleontologists and anthropologists have entertained several possibilities to the causes of this event: interbreeding among Neanderthals and humans, competition for natural resources, and Darwin’s theory of “survival of the fittest.” What the real cause has been has plagued scientists for years. Now, due to an international research team from Germany, those possibilities have been even further deduced, making it easier to pinpoint the exact reason Homo neandertalensis became extinct.
Perhaps the most notorious of burial practices originating in Egypt is that of mummification. Why such an extraordinary attempt was made to preserve cadavers may seem
Paleoanthropology: Pliocene and Pleistocene Human Evolution. Paleobiology, 7:3:298-305. Frayer, David W. and Milford Walpoff 1985 Sexual Dimorphism. Annual Review of Anthropology, 14:429-473 Key, Catherine A. 2000 The Evolution of Human Life History.
According to European fossil records, Neanderthals appeared about 400,000 years ago and they evolved and then disappeared around 30,000 years ago. Neanderthals lived in Europe and Western Asia as far east as Southern Siberia and as far south as the Middle East. During this time, it is suggested that Neanderthals came into contact with anatomically modern humans. There is a lot of controversy over whether or not they actually interbred. Morphological features of present-day humans and anatomically modern human’s fossils have been the evidence that is for and against a genetic exchange between Neanderthals and the ancestors of present-day humans. DNA sequence data from present-day humans is also evidence that Neanderthals have made a genetic contribution to present-day humans (Green 1).
The modern view on cannibalism mostly rejects evidence of cannibalism in the fossil record. Bio-archeologist Christy G. Turner ii has spent 30 years trying to improve the criteria for supporting signs of cannibalism and prove its practice. The main evidence in the article, Archaeologists Rediscover cannibals, is not based so much on the variety of the sites with possible signs of cannibalism but the similar patterns in which the sites show repetitive evidence of the practice compared to one another. The major debate between whether cannibalism was practice in the fossil record has to do with
The aim of this essay is to show how knowledge, methods and techniques of forensic archaeology applied and developed in one case, have evolved and even found its deployment in other cases or even other scientific fields.