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Indigenous studies essay
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“Eliminating Indian Stereotypes from American Society: Causes and Legal and Societal Solutions” by Kim Chandler Johnson and John Terrence Eck, and “A Review and Analysis of the Research on Native American Students,” by William G. Demmert, David Grissmer and John Towner both essentially express the disadvantages Native Americans experience throughout their lives and still in modern day. These disadvantages range from: The school system and their academics, and the indirect racism that they are faced with. Whether it is intentional or not the lack of respect for Native Americans as a people, their culture, and their achievements has been highly practiced and accepted in American Culture. In the article “Eliminating India Stereotypes…,” the authors …show more content…
The authors stated that, “The lack of emphasis on Native American achievement partly arise because the total student population is much smaller than the black, Hispanic or disadvantaged white populations.” This essentially means that because of their population, their achievements have not been awarded as they should have been. Native American students are essentially looked over because of their small population. It has also been fairly difficult to award Native Americans because the ethnicity of being pure Native American is often taken out of context. It has been shown that many people identify as Native American but they are of many other races. This has made it difficult because it has been shown that those who are of only Native American decent perform differently in a sense of academics than those who are mixed races. Overall in this article the authors have linked these differences in performance to a much more personal level. The way in which a Native American child of full descent is raised by his/her parent/s compared to someone of White, Black, or Latino heritage. Being that each culture has their own values and goals. Native Americans have seemed to keep their traditional ways of learning, and living rather than converting to the American style of: going to college, or reading at
In The White Man’s Indian, Robert Berkhoffer analyzes how Native Americans have maintained a negative stereotype because of Whites. As a matter of fact, this book examines the evolution of Native Americans throughout American history by explaining the origin of the Indian stereotype, the change from religious justification to scientific racism to a modern anthropological viewpoint of Native Americans, the White portrayal of Native Americans through art, and the policies enacted to keep Native Americans as Whites perceive them to be. In the hope that Native Americans will be able to overcome how Whites have portrayed them, Berkhoffer is presenting
Perpetuation of Native American Stereotypes in Children's Literature Caution should be used when selecting books including Native Americans, due to the lasting images that books and pictures provide to children. This paper will examine the portrayal of Native Americans in children's literature. I will discuss specific stereotypes that are present and should be avoided, as well as positive examples. I will also highlight evaluative criteria that will be useful in selecting appropriate materials for children and provide examples of good and bad books. Children will read many books as they grow up.
In our current generation, the year 2016, one may think racism would be diminished but it has yet to be acknowledged. Most people would have thought discrimination ended with the time of slavery, but it continues to exist in indirect ways. When people think Native Americans, they think about how they were the true Americans and how they aided Columbus’s settlement into the Early Americas. Native Americans experience discrimination to this day, yet nothing has been said about the Indian’s existence and rights. In Kimberly Roppolo’s essay, “Symbolism, Racism, History, and Reality: The Real Problem with Indian Mascots,” constructs the reason and gives us an idea on why this type of racism still exists and why people continue to unknowingly discriminate
Stereotypes dictate a certain group in either a good or bad way, however more than not they give others a false interpretation of a group. They focus on one factor a certain group has and emphasize it drastically to the point that any other aspect of that group becomes lost. Media is one of the largest factors to but on blame for the misinterpretation of groups in society. In Ten Little Indians, there are many stereotypes of Native Americans in the short story “What You Pawn I Will Redeem”. The story as a whole brings about stereotypes of how a Native American in general lives and what activities they partake in. By doing so the author, Alexie Sherman, shows that although stereotypes maybe true in certain situations, that stereotype is only
Children come to the classroom rich in the culture of their community and family; from which their learning style is primed (Aguirre et al, 2012; Morgan, 2009). For example (Saracho & Spodek, 1984) stated that Native Americans are “field dependent learners”. This in an indication that Native American students prefer to work together, are...
Portrayal of Native Americans in Last of the Mohicans and Stereotypes of Native Americans Introduction James Fenimore Cooper wrote the novel Last of the Mohicans. James Fenimore Cooper had a remarkably boring, wealthy existence. His parents were shrewd and ambitious, easily acquiring money and power. Thus he was exposed early on to the finer pleasures of life. The Last of the Mohicans takes place in the midst of the French-Indian war. Specifically, it focuses on one battle in a war that lasted for many years. This was the last and most important conflict over French and British possessions in North America. Unlike the earlier wars, which began in Europe and spread to America, this struggle broke out solely in America in 1754, and was not settled until 1763. For this reason, Indian involvement in the conflict was incredibly high. This book depicts the battle of Fort William Henry and adds the fictional kidnapping of two white pioneering sisters (whites were often kidnapped by Native Americans in Cooper's novels). Cooper knew few Indians, so he drew on a Moravian missionary's account of two opposing tribes; the Delawares and the "Mingos." Although this characterization was filled with inaccuracies, the dual image of the opposing tribes allowed Cooper to create a lasting image of the Indian that became a part of the American consciousness for almost two centuries. This book was actually made into a movie in 1992, and did very well at the box office. Of all of Coopers books, this is by far the most famous. Cooper here tells the story of the stolid colonial scout Hawkeye, who, with his two Indian companions Chingachgook and his son Uncas, stumble on a party of British soldiers conducting two fair maidens to their father, the command...
The stereotype of Native Americans has been concocted by long history. As any stereotype constructed by physical appearance, the early Europeans settlers were no different and utilized this method. Strangers to the New World, they realized the land was not uninhabited. The Native Americans were a strange people that didn't dress like them, didn't speak like them, and didn't believe like them. So they scribed what they observed. They observed a primitive people with an unorthodox religion and way of life. These observations made the transatlantic waves. Not knowingly, the early settlers had transmitted the earliest cases of stereotyped Native Americans to the masses. This perpetuated t...
Many races are unjustly victimized, but Native American cultures are more misunderstood and degraded than any other race. College and high school mascots sometimes depict images of Native Americans and have names loosely based on Native American descent, but these are often not based on actual Native American history, so instead of honoring Native Americans, they are being ridiculed. According to the article Warriors Survive Attack, by Cathy Murillo (2009) some “members of the Carpentaria community defended Native American mascot icons as honoring Chumash tradition and the spirit of American Indian Warriors in U.S. history and others claimed that the images were racist stereotypes” (Murillo, 2009). If people do not attempt to understand and respect Native American culture, then Native American stereotypes will become irreparable, discrimination will remain unresolved, and ethnocentrism will not be reprimanded.
One of the most common stereotypes are that all Native Americans are alcoholics, more so than other ethnicities. A study was conducted by Karen Chartier, a Faculty Associate the University of Texas looking in to this truth of this stereotype. She discovered that it was white people, specifically white men who were more likely to consume alcohol on a daily basis (Chartier & Caetano, n.d.). Often Natives are discriminated for their culture and being “red skinned.” This can be seen by sports teams, from high school to the pros. Like the Southwest Indians, or the Washington Redskins. Some teams have changed their names and logos from these offensive examples, but some like Washington’s NFL team have yet to replace the name. There’s many other examples of stereotypes that they face. Like that they run on “Indian time” therefore they are always late for planned events, hence that they are all lazy. Other ones like they are all uneducated and never go to college, or when they do go to college they receive “special” aid from the government (Ridgway, 2013). However, that aid that they receive is available to other historically disadvantaged groups as well, and is part of what the government owes them for taking their land which is states in the contracts that were signed (Ridgway,
American Sociological Review, 3, 672-682. "Native American Youth 101." Aspen Institue. Aspen Institues, 24 July 11. Web.
The circumstances the Native American people endured clarify their current issues. American Indians have poor education and a high percent are unemployed when equated to “U.S. all races” (Spector, 2009, p. 205). Many American Indians still live on reservations and work as a
Many people do not realize that Indian people are around us everyday. They could be our neighbors, our bus driver, or anyone that we see on a daily bases. In Thomas King’s essay “You’re not the Indian I Had in Mind,” and his video “I’m not the Indian You Had in Mind,” he exemplifies the stereotype that many people make about Indians. King mentions in his essay that people always would say to him, “you’re not the Indian I had in mind,” because he did not look like the stereotypical Indian. Through King’s essay and video, I have been educated about this stereotype that I was unaware of. Since I now have an understanding of how unrealistic this stereotype is, I now can educate friends and family members on this issue.
Contrary to popular belief, discrimination of Native Americans in America still widely exist in the 21st century! So you may ask, why? Well, to answer that one question, I will give you 3 of the countless reasons why this unfortunate group of people are punished so harshly for little good reason. So now, let’s get into it, shall we!
Many cultures and histories have been simplified and warped over time. These inaccurate descriptions are repeated and spread, until there are many stereotypes that are commonly believed. These descriptions are misleading, and some have been around for a very long time. In the book The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie, these stereotypes are dismissed and the reader is able to understand a more accurate version of a Native American boy. This narrative shows how Native Americans actually live and act, giving a clear view of how things truly are.
Native American stereotyping that classifies these collective groups of people as savages, unhumanlike, and uncivilized is important in order to maintain the images of these people as the “other,” and the white Europeans as the ideal and supreme race. Stereotyping that demeans and belittles these people also seems to justify the white idea of the “Manifest Destiny” that resulted in the genocide and racial removal of millions of Native people and their family, as well as the continued racism they receive, even today. The only times when Native Americans are posed in a positive light is in individualized cases, and separate from Native American groups as a whole because “the group had to be depicted as ‘bad’ in order to justify the existing