Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
The effects of colonialism in india
The effects of colonialism in india
The effects of colonialism in india
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: The effects of colonialism in india
The current state of health in India is tied directly to the country’s history. While traditional medicine, specifically Ayurveda, has existed in India for thousands of years, the subcontinent lacked a formal health system until the arrival of the British in the 17th century. The first Western medical professionals arrived on British East India Company ships in 1608, and in 1664 the Madras General Hospital opened as India’s first hospital, serving only British soldiers. The East India Company established colonial rule in 1757 then founded the first medical department seven years later. Over the next 200 years of colonization, the British built many hospitals, health centers, and medical schools as well as creating many laws and policies standardizing …show more content…
Instead, it focused on primary care, socioeconomic factors influencing health, and community participation (National Health Policy 1983). However, because the document was more of a vision statement than an action plan, there were few tangible goals or practical applications undertaken. Though the amount of health care infrastructure increased, there was low utilization due to lack of personnel, resources, and monitoring. When the World Bank and other entities starting emphasizing cost effectiveness and vertical interventions in the 1990s, the country moved farther from the goal of universal coverage. This decline in public healthcare access, coupled with huge increases in private facilities only accessible to the wealthy, increased disparities in access to care (Shukla and Duggal 2006). In response, the country created a new National Health Policy in 2002, containing lofty goals, such as increasing the utilization of public facilities to 75% of total health care usage (National Health Policy 2002). However, the policy again contained no explicit strategies for attaining those goals and further decline in the public healthcare system and exponential growth in the private sector followed. Subsequently, several new programs have been implemented to attempt to meet the needs of vulnerable populations, such as the National Rural Health Mission in 2005 and the National Programme for Healthcare of the Elderly in 2011, however, these programs have not had a large impact in reducing disparity and increasing overall population health. In 2015 the government began to draft a new version of the National Health Policy which aims to solve these problems by providing universal health care, but this new version has not yet become law (Lahariya and Menabde
pp. 41-84. Pine Forge Press, Thousand Oaks, Calif. Pigg, Stacy Leigh. (1997) "Found in Most Traditional Societies: Traditional Medical Practitioners between Culture and Development.”
Dr. Lalvani said“... wealthy young Indians were packed off to Britain to study and returned well-trained.” However, when the British were at the peak of their rule, only about 16 percent of all of India could read and write, since the British left India, around 64 percent of India now can read and write, that's a 48 percent increase (Doc 5). This means that the British were not educating Indians, they hold Indians back, keeping them dumb so they were easier to control. Additionally Dr. Lalvani stated that the British improved the health of Indians. On the other hand, before British rule there had been only 18 famines, but during British rule, there was 40, which resulted in almost 59 million deaths (Doc 7). That means the British, in no way, shape or form, improved Indians health, they killed millions of them because they were starved to
During his employment as a medical official the reality of reservation life could not be ignored. Although he must have wanted to help his people there were many difficulties of the time. They were far away from Western civilization and supply to medical equipment. The epidemics of small pox, measles, and influenza were attacking the people. He could not al...
National health systems are assessed by the extent to which expenditure and actions in public health and medical care contributes to the crucial social goals of improving health, increasing access to quality healthcare, reducing health disparities, protecting citizens from penury due to medical e...
In 1954 another landmark act was passed in which all functions relating to the health and maintenance of healthcare to Indian Nations was given to the Surgeon General of the United States Public Health System (Wallechinsky). Within a year 48 hospitals, 18 health centers and 13 school infirmaries had been ...
One of the best things that British imperialism did for India was helping them to connect with the rest of the world through technology, science , and most important medicine since by that time Indian residents would be called “uncivilized” in different aspects such as the need for them to learn a better way of hygiene habits , how to prop...
Healthcare is like other avenues of business and life, it is constantly changing. At the turn of the 19th century, food and occupations were different than they are today. Like the changes in food and other occupations, healthcare is no different. We also would not want it to be. If the country remained struggling with the same challenges of 1899, then we would not have progressed as a medical society. As healthcare changes we all have to change. Change in our ways, tactics, thinking, and structure of the healthcare market. According to Merriam-Webster (2014) the maintaining and restoration of health by the prevention and treatment of diseases, mainly by trained professionals is healthcare (Merriam-Webster, 2014).
The Indian Health Service (IHS) is a healthcare program within the Department of Health and Human Services. (Agency Overview n.d.) It provides federal health services to eligible American Indians and Alaska Natives at IHS facilities. (Agency Overview n.d.) Services that IHS provide include medical, dental and vision, ancillary services, such as laboratory and pharmacy, specialty care which include services provided by the physician or specialist. (Agency Overview n.d.) The factors that affect the type of health care depend on the community needs, level of funds and whether treatment is medically necessary (Marx n.d.) American Indians and Alaska Natives can receive direct care at hospitals, health centers and they may be federally or tribally operated. (Marx n.d.) If a direct care facility is unable to provided services the individual will be referred to a public or private provider. (Marx n.d.) IHS is located on or near Indian reservations and services are provided by Indian Tribes, Urban Indian organizations or IHS. IHS is responsible for providing medical and public health services to members of federally recognized Indian tribes and Alaska natives.(Agency Overview) In order for a tribe to be recognized it needs to meet specific criteria from that state which also includes land and rights that are accepted as well (Agency Overview). IHS has a mission to educate the Indian people about physical, mental, social and spiritual health (Agency Overview). American Indian and Alaska Natives preside over their members and lands (Definition of Indian Health Service Definition 2012). The United States continue to work with Indian Tribes on a one on one basis focusing on issues about tribal government and other rights (Definit...
Health policy is described as the action of the Government to achieve goals within the health sector (10). Through an analysis of policy it is understood that it is influenced
Health care policy targets the organization, financing, and delivery of health care services. The reason for targeting these areas is for the licensing of health care professionals and facilities, to make sure there is protection of patients’ private health information, and there are measures of quality care, mistakes, malpractice, and efforts to control of health care cost (Acuff, 2010). There are several stages that one must take when creating a policy (see figure 1). The figure below shows the critical steps in the policy process. First, the problem must be identified, once the problem is identified potential policy solutions must be formulated, then the policy is adopted, and then implemented. After the policy is in place, an evaluation of the policy has to take place (This Nation, 2013).
In many parts of the world that are considered lower or middle-class countries, health disparities are cause of major concern that leads to unnecessary disease and possible death. Many variables affect how and why many citizens of lower and middle-class countries struggle to obtain adequate healthcare. One region of the world classified as a lower socio economic territory is Ethiopia. Many factors contribute to the lack of health care in Ethiopia such as access to care, high cost of care, and being uneducated, to name a few. One idea that hinders many citizens in Ethiopia to attain healthcare is the access to the healthcare system. This research project will entail the issue of access to the health care system; ways it is affecting the lives of those living in Ethiopia, and measures that can be taken to possibly increase the availability and attainment of healthcare.
Reforming health care system has been a hot topic for many years. A society's commitment to health care reflects some of it's most basic values about what it is to be a member of the human community (Cockerham, 2012). Legislators have been proposing diferrent policies in an effort to solve this dilemma without significant progress. All proposals to expand insurance coverage have had certain flaws and were sometimes far from being ideal or even realistic.
I believe the most significant moment in the history of British welfare was the birth of National Health Service. The purpose of this essay is to outline the history of the National Health Service and why it was introduced into the everyday lives of the British people. As the National Health Service is a major factor of the welfare given to the people of Britain, we must look at the early years of the Welfare laws and acts passed down through the centuries, which eventually lead to the creation of the NHS. In addition to explore how social policy had an impact on the NHS, the essay will tread the discussion in the context of some of the economic, political and social concepts that influences the development of social policy in the NHS. It also
After the industrial revolution in the 18th century in Europe and America, there was the rapid industrial and economic growth in the 19th century, which in turn caused various scientific discoveries and various invention therefore making more progress in identifying illnesses and developing modes of treatment and cure, this was where modern medicine started. After the industrial revolution there were more industries, which in turn created a lot of work-related diseases and poor hygiene, also as the cities began to grow larger, more communicable diseases began to increase, cases like typhoid and cholera became epidemics. As well, due to the changes occurring, more and more people became more aware and since there was democracy there became an increase in demand for health care. There were also the wars that occurred, causing injuries which needed to be treated. Modern medicine evolves to solve the problems of the society at a given time and various advances in this mode of health care has occurred over the years. It has been seen that modern medicine is a positive influence in the society today for various reasons, the goal of the modern medicine is to achieve good health of the citizens, and modern medicine is experimental which is capable of advanced diagnosis. Likewise, modern medicine has an effect on the social and economic state of the modern society. Modern medicine is understood as the science of treating, diagnosing or even preventing illnesses using improved sophisticated technology. This mode of treatment involves a variety of methods, using diet, exercise, treatment by drugs or even surgery.
Primary Health Care is crucial or vital care made globally attainable to individuals and families in the community by means they approve to, through their full contribution and at a cost that the community and country can manage. It forms a basic part both of the country’s health system of which it is the core and the inclusive of social and economic evaluation of the community. In other words primary health care targets on providing affordable, attainable and suitable services for the obstructive treatment and management of disease procedure. In 1978, the dispute of public health that is shielding the greatest level of health for the highest number of people formed the agenda for a meeting of public health representatives from 134 countries, universally . It was held in Alma Ata ( A city in the former USSR ) to build new ideas and new mottos in public health. Their focus was to authorize people to have command over decisions that affected their own health, families and communities. Also to reduce inequities. The promising statement for World Health Organization was “ Health for All ” (HFA). The paramount of Primary Health Care was aiding of proper nutrition and an adequate supply of safe water, basic sanitation, child and maternal care, including family planning, immunization against the major infectious diseases, prevention and stabilizing of endemic diseases, education empowerment, conquering health problems and methods of preventing and controlling them, and suitab...