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Consequences of crime in urban areas
What causes crime in urban areas
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There are many atrocities that are committed around the world that are publicized by media and broadcasting. Despite being widely distributed, the media can skew and distort any story. In the movie Mystic River, it is evident that not all barbarities can be unbiasedly distributed and presented such as urban crime. There are other contributing factors that can increase the tendency for urban crime. One of which is urban density and pedestrian urban development, which causes for high traffic and congestion throughout any metropolitan area. Lastly, a tight knit community will also help influence the decisions made by individuals that live in the community.
Urban crime is an extensive issue throughout the United States. The way media and broadcasting
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depict certain issues can be skewed and distorted through the eyes of witnesses, and reporter bias alike. Most of the general populous believe that what they are seeing is the entire truth. Unfortunately most evil deeds go unnoticed, such as Dave Boyle murdering the rapist. But once a community is aware of one major crime, a majority of the attention is geared towards that main issue for a while or until it is deciphered; in this case, it is the murder of Jimmy Markum’s daughter. Some of the time, media does not pick up on the contributing factors that influence the motives for the crime committed. For example, Dave Boyle’s abduction was not highly broadcasted. Knowing, this gives some background on Boyle’s motives to kill the debaucher in the car with the adolescent on the night of Katie Markum’s murder. It is concerning to see this pattern throughout mainstream media even in today’s wide dispersal of news and controversy. There are many influential factors that can drive an individual to execute a specific action or deed. Respectively, over population can cause congestion, and increase traffic though any metropolitan area. The rapid increase in population is correlated with slower response times from any emergency respondents, and increased crime and violence. Increased traffic limits the mobility for an emergency vehicle. Likewise, if a city didn’t have such a dense population, then that same process would be much faster. Increased crime rates are witnessed throughout Mystic River starting with Boyle’s abduction, the murder of Katie Markum, the murder of the rapist, Boyle’s murder, along with other crimes committed by Jimmy Markum and his gang. The fact that most of these crimes went unpunished shows a problem within the justice system that can be connected to urban density. The more people there are within city limits, the more possible suspects there are. As far as urban development goes, typically in any major city some regions are allotted for low income housing as well as upscale developments for the wealthy.
As seen in Mystic River the neighborhood that Jimmy, Boyle, and Sean grow up in is not upscale by any means. Generally crime rates spike in low income housing neighborhoods yet, most misdemeanors aren’t reported nor televised. For example the murder of Just Ray Harris, along with the murder of Boyle. Neither of those murders were reported nor televised. Thus arising a problem; if no one knows or hears about a crime how is it supposed to be solved or brought to justice. On the other hand if the story is portrayed in a deceiving fashion, it can distort and sway opinion. A great example of this phenomena is portrayed in Mystic River, when Dave Boyle gets framed for Katie Markum’s murder based on witness accounts and investigation reports done by Sean and his partner Whitey Powers. The distorted messages and witness accounts ended up in Boyle’s death. Therefore what is seen, heard, spoken, and absorbed can and will cause people to believe things that may or may not be one hundred percent …show more content…
correct. It is undeniable that a tight knit community has respect and loyalty to other members of that community. This is best exemplified when we see Jimmy Markum and gang kill Dave Boyle on the riverbank. No one told a soul about what had happened that night. They were all looking out for one another so no one would be incarcerated. Once a tight knit community is established, it turns into a family with copious amounts of brothers and sisters. After years of constant communication between all the members of the community, there is a sense of comfort amongst everyone involved. Thus creating an almost unbreakable bond. Tight knit communities are not that uncommon in the U.S. and around the world. For example a tribe Africa might not all be blood related, nevertheless they treat each other no differently. It is a strategy of survival, to trust and rely on those closest to you. This is a very primitive tactic used early on in the evolution of human beings and animals alike. But it continues to carry over into new generations. In conclusion, media has a huge impact on what we believe.
The only problem is that media and broadcasting can distort images and skip out on detail on any situation making it hard to decipher the real truth from phony, embellished stories to capture attention. Most of the time the media might depict the perpetrator of the crime as a bad person. This is not fair seeing as no one really knows the motives behind the crime, or if there were any contributing factors. Urban crime can be correlated with many contributing factors that will help influence the decision making process of any individual. Some of the factors include; overpopulation and urban development, and a tight knit community. Each contributing factor has its own ways of affecting an individual and can contribute different varieties of components. It is up to the individual of how to handle what he or she is given and surrounded
with.
I imagine that there are hundreds of shows that present crime, and more specific, urban crime. Two examples are Law and Order, which takes place in New York, and The Wire, which takes place in Baltimore. Though the two shows illustrate crime happening in an urban area, both are incorporating court scenes and music; they do so to make two different points: for the audience to figure out a single crime and the other to show the life of Baltimore. Each show accomplished this with a similar purpose, and style. They both have a different take on the definitive purpose of each individual show.
You can see specific examples in the subtitles and subtext from different news articles. The way they cover different stories and the stories they choose to cover. The way we perceive crime and such has a very large connection to how it is presented to us. The more negative the coverage, the more negative we are going to feel about it. Like for instance, ever since the 9/11 terrorist attack, the media coverage of Muslims has gotten significantly worse, further extending racial barriers.
In contemporary society, there are various methodologies for collecting data (Linden 2012). That being said, there are pros and cons to each that are based on reliability and validity; where reliability is consistency of the statistics, and validity is a measure of how accurate the results are in accordance with the research topic. This ties in with how this paper will explore the Uniform Crime Report system (UCR); a measure of crime that is used the most. UCR statistics reflect the crimes that are reported to the police throughout the country. victimization and self-report surveys, which are statistics that reinforce the findings revealed by the UCR, will also be explored. Lastly, the issue of media coverage of crime news will be examined.
There has been a significant surge in murder and violent crimes in San Antonio this year. “According to a recent study, the violent crime rate is projected to grow by 52.5 percent by December, the highest spike among 21 of the nation’s largest cities” (Eaton). So what is the reason for this massive increase in San Antonio crime? The San Antonio police chief, William McManus stated that “there is no one reason why violent crime and murder are rising so fast — both locally and nationwide” (Eaton). His answer coincides with my hypothesis and research outcomes as well. My research shows that San Antonio’s crime rate increase can be attributed to a myriad of social, economic, and governmental factors. These include, but are not limited to, population
Why are some neighborhoods more prone to experience violent episodes than others? What is the extent and in what sociologically measurable ways do communities contribute to the causation and prevention of crime in their neighborhoods? Are neighborhood-level predictors adequate to explain differences in violent crime rates in the respective communities? These are some of the questions addressed by this statistically intense paper published in Science 1997, by Sampson, Raudenbush and Earls.
Most people use second hand information as their core source of information about crime, this source of information usually being the media. When carrying out sample research in Birmingham, Susan Smith (1984) discovered that 52% of people obtained most of their information about crime from the media, 36% obtained it from hearsay or alleged experiences of friends and neighbours, 3% from their own experiences, and 1% from the police service themselves (cited in Jones, 2001; 8). However the media tend to exaggerate upon areas of criminal activity causing a moral panic. ‘A moral panic is a semi- spontaneous or media generated mass movement based on the perception that some individual or group, frequently a minority group or subculture, is dangerously deviant and poses menace to society. These panics are generally fuelled by the media, although not always caused by, media coverage of social issues… These panics can sometimes lead to mob violence… (newsfilter.co.uk).
The media plays a huge role in forming people's perceptions of crime. Without the media we would remain ignorant to occurrences outside our direct social groups. The media and especially news coverage therefore provides us with an important point of contact with the rest of society. In evaluating its effect on popular perceptions of crime it becomes important to consider where most of the information comes from and how representative it is on actual criminality. If it takes "facts" (the truth, the actual event, a real thing) or if it is heightened to a crime myth. With a myth being based upon "exaggeration" or heightening of "ordinary" events in life. Crime myths become a convenient mortar to fill gaps in knowledge and to provide answers to question social science either cannot answer or has failed to address. Myths tend to provide the necessary information for the construction of a "social reality of crime (Quinney, 1970)." As crime related issues are debated and re debated, shaped and reshaped in public forms, they become distorted into myth, as largely seen in the mass media.
For decades, researchers have tried to determine why crime rates are stronger and why different crimes occur more often in different locations. Certain crimes are more prevalent in urban areas for several reasons (Steven D. Levitt, 1998, 61). Population, ethnicity, and inequality all contribute to the more popular urban. Determining why certain crimes occur more often than others is important in Criminal Justice so researchers can find a trend and the police can find a solution (Rodrigo R. Soares, 2004, 851). The Uniform Crime Reports are a method in which the government collects data, and monitors criminal activity in the United States (Rodrigo R. Soares, 2004, 851). They have both positive and negative attributes that have influenced
Location is a significant factor that contributes to where the pattern of homicides occur in Chicago. This is because overtime particular areas have been developed due to gentrification in city areas including the Northern and Central sides, these changes occur due to influx of wealth. This leaves the Southern and Western sides to deteriorate as the houses and the areas aren’t well looked after due to affluent people leaving it that way causing a ‘slum-like lifestyle’ and low rent for those with low income. Therefore, a higher pattern of homicides in the Southern and Western sides of Chicago occur because those in lower classes tend to resort to violence and crime.
Throughout society there are both individuals and groups of people with a wide range of perceptions about crime and justice. These perceptions are influenced by the media and what the media presents. Media presents crime stories in ways that selectively distort and manipulate public perception, thus creating a false picture of crime. Therefore the media provides us with perceptions and social constructions about our world. Firstly I will be discussing the role of the media in constructing knowledge about crime. I will begin by explaining why the media is important, and go further to explain that media representations construct knowledge of crime and since knowledge about crime is constructed it does not necessarily capture reality in fact crime stories are often sensationalised. I will then link this to my central argument that the media shapes people’s perceptions of crime and how this is important as it can lead to changes in the law. I will then explain what it is that the public or society needs to be aware of when reading and watching media reports about crime. We need to be aware of bias and moral panics that are created by the media and how the media shapes or influence’s public perception through this, it is important for us to be aware of misleading or false crime stories so that we are not swayed by the media in believing what they want us to believe.
Under education categories such as none, trade qualification, business certificate or diploma, undergraduate degree and postgraduate degree or diploma, the number of respondents who had the opinion that crime rates had increased significantly increased with the post-secondary education. The level of education however had no effect on respondents who thought that there was a lot less crime. The public obtains information about crime from various sources such as family or friends, work colleagues, the media, as well as from their personal experiences. The participants who gathered information about crimes from family or friends, radio talk shows or commercial television had more inaccurate perceptions of crime. Most respondents thought that the television and newspapers were more important sources of information about crimes than family, friends and work colleagues.
...it is the advent of television media that have sparked debate over the integrity of reliable news making. Print media was factual, although sometimes sensational, while electronic media made use of the technologies, such as videotapes and live footage to enhance and exaggerate the drama of the event even further. Many research studies have been conducted to show the effects of the media coverage on crime and how it influences the publics of fear of crime. Mass media has perpetuated a notion that crime is on the increase by portraying events and tragedies in the headlines that are sensational. The public buys into that idea, despite statistical accounts that reflect stable or low crime rates. The more stories people read and watch about crime, the more likely they are to think that crime is out of control. Politicians may then enact legal reforms to sooth the public’s outcry for crime control and prevention. As easy as it may be to hold the media accountable for barraging us with images and ideas that affect our views and beliefs, it important that the public take responsibility for the information that we consume. After all, there is always the “off” button on the remote control.
Therefore, according to, (Fear, 2014) explains that “Fear of crime can be differentiated into the public feeling, thoughts, and behaviors. The personal risks of criminal victimization, distinctions can also be made between the tendency to see the situation as fear, the actual experience while those situation, and broader expressions about the cultural and social significance of crime and symbol of crime in peoples neighborhood and in their daily, symbolic lives.” The fear of crime however, do make individuals react a certain way. Individual are more aware of their surroundings. Individuals look for the media to report on crime so they can try to protect themselves and their personal
Several contributing factors can be viewed as reasons for crime. Depending on the circumstances, it can sometimes be very difficult to resist the temptation to commit a crime. It is even harder when you are coming from a place where crime is considered to be a normal part of society and looked at as a way of daily living that is supposed to be incorporated into daily lifestyles, hence the city we are not too far from: Fresno. In fact, by having a city or group of cities nearby where violence, crime, and gangs are abundant, it has given me an incentive to dig deeper into this issue. Now the question can be posed: What is the significance of crime in areas where poverty is present? True, this is not an easy question to answer considering that crime happens for many different reasons and sometimes location is not the problem. The origin of crime date back to the beginning of man, and the thing is it will never be stopped, as it is almost a part of human nature nowadays. But for now, we must study how crime and poverty are linked to one another, and what other contributing factors influence the effect of crime where poverty is relevant.
Few issues attract more public attention and generate more public debate than those involving crime. Whether you read or watch the news, a story about crime is to be found in there somewhere. It’s something that is part of our everyday lives and unfortunately an everyday occurrence for many people living in our society.