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Before I get started I just want to note that this paper made me realize how far I have developed from my childhood and even the beginning of high school. With that said I’m going to describe my own progression through the psychosexual stages of development.
The first stage is the oral stage, which begins when you’re born to 18 months. This has to do with the infants’ pleasure centers on the mouth. Things such as chewing, sucking, and biting are the sources of pleasure that reduce tension in the infant. Since I wasn’t able to remember this part of my life I asked my parents how I was during this age. According to my parents I wasn’t difficult when it came to weaning from breastfeeding to a bottle. I believe the reason behind this is when I was in the hospital I didn’t want to latch on to my mother and breastfeed. So, the nurse gave me a bottle. The interesting thing about this is none of my other siblings did this; my younger brother Adam was the opposite of me. He wanted to breast feed till he was one and a half. Also, when I was younger I wasn’t a biter so that wasn’t a problem. I think I’m fixated in this stage because when I would cry as a baby my mom would automatically give me a bottle. I was the first child so my mother thought if I cry I’m hungry. The other reason I think I’m fixated in the oral stage is because when I’m playing a sport or in class I like to have gum or sunflower seeds in my mouth. Personally, it makes me feel calm and relaxed. With that being said I think I’m over indulged that’s why having something to chew on is calming. When something is given to you many times it becomes a custom. For me it was if I cry I’m handed a bottle; so the act of being given a bottle made me over indulged in the oral stage. ...
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...tance. From experience the feeling of not being accepted in a group of people sucks. I know how it feels to be cared about and having this is essential during development. Next, is esteem needs. This is when you achieve, be competent, gain approval, and excel. We all love the feeling of accomplishing something or excelling a something. For me I love the feeling of getting good grades. It makes you have confidence and want to strive to do better on following assignments. Self-actualization is Maslow’s belief in an inborn drive to develop all one’s talents and capabilities. This is when people find out what they are made of and what their true talents are. This is something I still am finding out. Everyone is going to be different. Some people won’t be fit to be doctors or lawyers. We all have something that is destine for us we just have to find out what it may be.
In the second chapter, The A, B, C, and Ds of Sex (and Asex), Brock University Associate Professor and Asexuality author, Bogaert, examines “some of the fundamental psychological processes of asexuality as they relate to both sexual and asexual people.” Throughout this section, Bogaert explains the “A (attraction and arousal), B (behavior), C (cognition), and Ds (desire)” by going through each letter and explaining what it stands for. He tries to get the younger readers to understand the definitions of asexuality by aiming focus on the constituents of sexuality first. The similarities between sexuality and asexuality are outlined throughout this reading. Surprisingly enough, Bogaert explains the differences and the relationship between romantic and sexual bonds and how they appear in asexual people as well.
The second to last level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is esteem. This stage includes having and giving respect, pride, and confidence. This stage is what truly separates humans from all other animals. In our community, I feel respected and have a high sense of value when I am succeeding academically and athletically. When I am doing these two things, my esteem is at an all time high, but when I am not, it’s hard to motivate myself at times. In our society today, esteem is based off mostly material things like money, beauty, and objects, but to truly make yourself happy you must take this one step
Psychologist Abraham Maslow created the hierarchy of needs, outlining and suggesting what a person need to reach self-actualization and reveal the true potential of themselves. In the model, Maslow propose that a person has to meet basic needs in order to reach the true potential of themselves. Biological/physiological needs, safety needs, love/belonging need, esteem needs according to Maslow is the fundamental frame for reaching the peak of self. The last need to be met on the scale
Freud emphasized that early childhood experiences are important to the development of the adult personality, proposing that childhood development took place over five stages; oral, anal. Phallic, latent and genital. The phallic stage is the most important stage which contains the Oedipus complex. This is where the child (age 4 - 6 yrs) posses the opposite sex parent and wants rid of the same sex parent. Freud argued that if the conflict is not resolved in childhood then it could cau...
The construction of human sexuality has been and remains an enigma in today’s society. The prominent and well fought debate can be compacted into one simple title: Nature vs. Nurture. There is no clear answer to how our human sexuality is formed.
Similarly to the SDT, there is a set of needs that must be met before self-actualization can occur. The hierarchy of needs is shaped like a pyramid with 5 levels, physiological needs, safety needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, and finally self-actualization. The physiological level includes the need for food, water, and oxygen. The safety need refers to shelter and security. The love and belongingness level refers to the human need for companionship, interaction, and includes romantic love. Esteem needs involve the self, confidence, and respect of and by others. Finally self-actualization refers to creativity, spontaneity, acceptance, problem solving, and other things that involve high-level thinking and acceptance of oneself, and the world around them. Self-actualization is referred to as “the realization of individual potential” (Maclagan 2003) and is not a state that everyone is able to reach. Actually, according to Goldstein, to say one achieved self-actualization would technically be incorrect. Unlike the others, self-actualization isn’t a need that can be fulfilled, but rather a drive. In this idea of self-actualization, a person who has reached this level of the hierarchy would constantly be working to improve themselves, and be the best they can be. Maslow stated a person who is self-actualized will constantly feel “‘restless’, and a strong desire to do something” (Maclagan
There are several theorists that have presented models on sexual identity development. Many of the models have stages of sexual identity development suggesting that certain characteristics are present during a specific period. However, Anthony D’Augelli presents a model that suggests processes rather than stages. These processes take place over the span of one’s life and not necessarily in any specific order or fashion. D’Augelli’s (1994a) life span model of lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) identity development takes into account “the complex factors that influence the development of people in context over historical time” (Evans et al, 2010). According to D’Augelli’s (1994) theory, identity formation includes three sets of interrelated variables that are involved in identity formation: personal actions and subjectivities, interactive intimacies, and sociohistorical connections. Personal subjectivities and actions include individuals’ perceptions and feelings about their sexual identities as well as actual sexual behaviors and the meanings attached to them. Interactive intimacies include the influences of family, peer group, and intimate partnerships and the meanings attached to experiences with significant others. Sociohistorical connections are defined as the social norms, policies and laws found in various geographical locations and cultures, as well as the values existing during particular historical periods (Evans et al, 2010).
Osmundson, Joseph. "'I Was Born This Way': Is Sexuality Innate, and Should It Matter?" Harvard Kennedy School. N.p., 2011. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. .
Sigmund Freud was one of the original pioneers in the field of Psychology. The work that he accomplished throughout his lifetime laid a foundation for many theorists after him. The theorists that worked in Psychology, after Freud, were able to form their own thoughts, ideas, and hypotheses about the human mind after learning from his work. Sigmund Freud’s major contribution in the field of Psychology was his theory about the human psyche; which he called the Id, the Ego, and the Super-Ego. This theory was based on the human personality and its formation. Many of Freud’s analysis strategies became common practice in the field of Psychology and are still used today. Sigmund Freud will always be one of the most influential figures in the
Sigmund Freud developed the psychosexual stages of development to describe the chronological process of development that took place from birth through later adulthood. The stages of psychosexual are oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. Freud developed that as children grow they progress from self-pleasing sexual activity to reproductive activity. Through this developmental process one will develop adult personality. Freud put much emphasis on sexual context of how ones libido, which is one sexual desires played a role in each stage of development. Freud emphasizes that individuals will strive to obtain pleasures in each stage of development, which becomes the basis of ones personality.
Developmental psychology is an area of research dedicated to the understanding of child-development. Throughout history many theories have been used to attempt to explain the complex process. Two of those theorists, Freud and Erikson, were instrumental in creating a foundation for child-psychology to build on. From a Freudian perspective, human development is centered on psychosexual theory. Psychosexual theory indicates that maturation of the sex drives underlies stages of personality development. Alternatively, Erikson is considered a neo-freudian scholar who developed psychosocial theory. In Erikson models there are eight major conflicts that occur during the course of an individual’s life.
Just like Alfred Kinsey said “The world is not divided into sheep and goats. Not all things are black nor all things white.” The world is divided into people that want many different things in life, everyone has a different opinion and mind set on what they want. Some people have other beliefs and values than other people, so we cannot judge them for being themselves. I believe that sexuality is the way that you express yourself through sex, or sexual actions. There are many factors that go into sexuality. I mainly learned about how sex worked through my health and child development classes. There were other things that contributed to my knowledge on sex, those were media, talking with friends or people at school, and my family values. How I think about sex is greatly impacted by these factors, some factors impacted me more than others but all of them still have an impact on my beliefs today.
Swaab, D. F. & Garcia-Falgueras, A. (2009). Sexual differentiation of the human brain in relation to gender identity and sexual orientation. Functional Neurology, 24(1), 17-28.
Freud’s psychosexual theory and Erikson’s psychosocial theory are two very renowned developmental concepts. Erikson was persuaded by Freud’s ideas but he elaborated on the theory differently.
The theory does a good job at delineating the stages of psychosexual development; our childhood has a great influence on our personalities. Referring to Freud’s ‘psychosexual stages’, it is very clear that parents’ role in an infant’s life is the foremost step to structure the personality. Not to forget, the oral and anal stages are focal fundamental to character traits in a person’s behavior. The inner ‘instincts’ of sexuality and aggression meeting with the socially acceptable norms creates a conflict zone, wherein it is decided what we are to do and what we would become.