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Gandhi and India's independence movement
History - China under Mao Tse Tung
Gandhi and India's independence movement
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There has been argument that democracy does not work in Muslim country 's due to religious beliefs in Islam. The world has seen democracy not work in a number of Muslim populated countries. However, the spotlight has not shined enough on country 's that have built and maintained a democratic political system in countries that are majority Muslim. Malaysia and Indonesia have been able to successfully incorporate Islam into their national identity and have a successful version of the democratic system in their countries. Pakistan provides a nice parallel as a country that explicitly announces itself as an Islamic Republic, but still has a democratic system. All three of these countries provide a good example of Muslim Democracy as described …show more content…
This helped secure Malay participation and by doing this also secured the economic role for Malaysia 's indigenous population. This process was twofold. One it marginalized Islamic radicals and two it introduced Islamization program by focusing on public morality, work ethic, and Islamic finance. In summary the UMNO used Islam to socialize the Malay. The case of Malaysia demonstrates what Nasr was referring to in his article, "Rise of Muslim Democracy". In Malaysia the Malay and other indigenous people made up the private sector, as Nasr said the bourgeoisie needs the Muslim democracy and vice versa. Muslim democracy combines religious values of middle and lower class with policies that serve their economic interests. This is exactly what the government had in mind when creating the UMNO, which ultimately used Islam to appeal to the Malay and indigenous people who made up the majority of the middle and lower …show more content…
Before Pakistan seceded from India the Muslim population created the Muslim League of India led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, it was created because Muslims were concerned with living in a Hindu dominated country after India gained its independence at the end of World War II. Maududi and the JI were the leading voices for Islamic political order in the new Muslim state of Pakistan. However, Jinnah 's objectives for the new Pakistan was for it to be no more than a homeland for Muslims, but Maududi viewed the new Pakistan as an opportunity to build a strict social/political order. Maududi respected Jinnah 's views and ideas for creating the government and building a republic where the constituents played a big part, but Maududi wanted heavier Islamic influence. The first version of the constitution incorporated a lot of Jinnah 's ideas and it provided an outline to the divisions of government, and mentioned Islam but no more than in a symbolic context. The constitution did state that the leader must be a Muslim, and also included a clause that held no law could be enacted if it was in anyway contradictory to Islam. From 1955 to 1977 Islam did not have as strong of an influence in
With an understanding of the theoretical links between economic structures, relations of production, and political systems that protect economic structures in society this case study examines media as a contributor to democracy in Australia as well as a business with economic objectives. This section will provide a short explanation of Fairfax media history and position in 2012 prior to explaining Gina Rinehart’s role in the company. The print sector in Australia has historically exhibited relatively high levels of concentration, dominated by News Corp Australia, Fairfax and APN. The Australian print news media have experienced a long-term trend of a decrease in titles and owners. According to Geoffrey Craig, ‘in 1923 there were as many as
The winds of apostasy, atheism, and religious ignorance have wreaked havoc around the world. Many a people have left their religions due to religious ignorance, confusion, or even a sense of disgust toward their religious beliefs has caused people to live god-less lives. Many a people have wreaked havoc around the world due to their religious ignorance causing thousands of people to be hurt, ruining the peace and serenity in many countries, and atlas defaming the name of a religion.
A memorable expression said by President Abraham Lincoln reads, “Democracy is government of the people, by the people, and for the people”. Democracy, is a derived from the Greek term "demos" which means people. It is a successful, system of government that vests power to the public or majority. Adopted by the United States in 1776, a democratic government has six basic characteristics: (i) established/elected sovereignty (where power and civic responsibility are exercised either directly by the public or their freely agreed elected representative(s)), (ii) majority rule(vs minority), (iii) (protects one’s own and reside with) human rights, (iv) regular free and fair elections to citizens (upon a certain age), (v) responsibility of
Firstly, K. Isbester mentions that democracy has a different meaning for everyone, as some can define democracy as a good aspect for development, on the contrary other believe that it is nothing more than voting after several years. Although, Latin America see democratic g...
Direct democracy means forms of direct participation of citizens in democratic decision making in contrast to indirect or representative democracy, based on the sovereignty of the people. This can happen in the form of an assembly democracy or by initiative and referendum with ballot voting, with direct voting on issues instead of for candidates or parties. Sometimes the term is also used for electing representatives in a direct vote as opposed to indirect elections (by voting for an electing body, electoral college, etc.), as well as for recalling elected officeholders. Direct democracy may be understood as a full-scale system of political institutions, but in modern times, it means most often specific decision-making institutions in the broader
Discrimination leads to a range of different mistreatments from feeling humiliated by another to depression, depending on the ways in which the individual responds. Having any sort of negative type behaviour towards the targeted individual, or even a group of people on either their race, or religion is seen as discrimination towards that specific group. The experience of such discrimination can be stressful, and also reduce a person’s sense of control. Having constant experience on discrimination can have major and negative impacts to the quality of an individual’s life. Racial and ethnic minorities are most likely to receive more discrimination against their groups than other groups, e.g. the Middle East (Todd 2012).
Democracy is “...the word that resonates in people’s minds and springs from their lips as they struggle for freedom and a better way of life...” (Schmitter and Karl, 1991:75). However, the word democracy has many different means depending on the country and context it is used in. “Every country has is own culture and comes by its political system through its own history” (Greenberg, 2007:101, cited in Li, 2008:4). Li, (2008) states that because of China’s political structure the usual road to democracy may be difficult for it to achieve. The western idea ...
September 11, 2001 forever changed the landscape of the generalized view of the Muslim community in the United States; these acts created a defining stereotypical image that all Muslim’s are extreme terrorists, or condone such behavior. Although this view of the Muslim community was not necessarily new, it was not widely acknowledged in America until the events of September 11th as it was continually thrust upon the public by print and news media. This study will discuss the dichotomy between representations of the Muslim community held by many in the Western culture as well as the psychological cause and effect of such depictions. The sociological “norms” as determined by popular American culture, the development of “terrorist” stereotypes through modern media, and the cause and effect postcolonial literature has had on the subject are all topics that will be evaluated. The objective of this research is to provide enhanced comprehension of the situational attitudes held by Muslims and Americans alike. Also, this will offer an educated understanding of the gap between what is believed and what is factual, in hopes of creating emphasis for the need of a new approach in creating a discrimination free partnership with the Muslim community while maintaining awareness and security.
In Malaysia, the United Malay National Organization (UMNO) became the dominant political force beginning in 1959. UMNO created an agreement with MCA (Malayan Chinese Association) and MIC (Malayan Indian Congress) together they formed the Barisan Nasional (National Front or BN) and since 1974 it has been the senior partner in a governing coalition. Since its formation as an independent state in 1963, Malaysia has never experienced a change in government. UMNO’s positions are attractive because they are important in Malaysia’s political and business life. Because UMNO leader has always served as Malaysia’s de facto prime minister, the party’s internal election is seen as the country’s real election. UMNO’s party apparatus often reflects the state’s apparatus, a fact that makes UMNO’s election even more alike with the country’s election.
There have been enormous efforts to spread democracy as a political system throughout the world by the developed democratic countries and the international development organizations including the World Bank. By the late 1990s the United States alone spent over a half billion dollars to promote democratic expansion throughout the world (Diamond, 2003). These were done considering that the democratic system leads towards development. As a result in the late 20th century we saw a huge political transformation towards democracy. During the last few decades a huge number of countries adopted democracy as their political system. However, it retain a big question how far democracy is successful in bringing development of a country? At this stage, some people also criticizes the effort of democratization arguing that it is done without considering the context of a country, sometimes democracy is not ideal for all countries and it is an effort to extinct diversity of political system. In studying the literature regarding the debate, we found a paradoxical relationship between democracy and development. Some argue that democracy has failed to ensure expected outcomes in terms of development. While others confronted that democracy has a considerable impact on development. Another group of people argue that form of political system actually does not have any impact on development process. On the verge of these debates, some development institutions and academics throw light on why democracy is not working properly, and what measure should be taken to make it more successful in bringing effective development of developing countries. Consequently, this writing is an effort of revisiting the different views about impact of democra...
“Are political Islam and democracy compatible?” This question has been troubling both Muslims and non-Muslims living in East and West for a long time now. Contemporary Islamic political thought has become deeply influenced by attempts at reconciling Islam and democracy. Muslim thinkers who deal with political debates cannot disregard the significance of the democratic system, as it is the prevailing theme of modern western political thought. Hence, it is necessary for any alternative political system, whether it is religious or secular, to explore its position with regards to democratic government. In fact, a large literature and media publications have developed over the last century on this heated discourse of democracy versus Islam. While many argue that Islam has all the ingredients of modern state and democratic society, many other reject the phenomena “modernism” and “democracy” as a whole because of their “foreign nature”—alien to “Islamic values”. For Islamists and modernists, the motivation for such effort to either embrace or reject democracy often is to remove suspicion about the nature and goals of Islamic movements and Islamic revivalism or resurgence. But before diving into this discourse, one needs to understand the definition and origins of “democracy.” Although purely a Western ideology in its origin, there is no consensus on the definition of “democracy” as a political system. The Oxford English Dictionary describes democracy as: “A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives” (“democracy, n.”). In my paper, I will examine whether or not democracy and Sunni political Islam are compatible through the eyes of three revolutionary Sun...
...tween the Hindus and Muslims, Jinnah felt that Muslims had no future in India (Overfield 216). With the end of British rule in 1947, not only did India gain its independence but also along with it was born an other country, Pakistan where Jinnah served as the first governor (Overfield 216). With the gain of India’s independence, Gandhi was shot the following year in 1948 by a Hindu zealot who resented his commitment to Hindu – Muslim harmony (Overfield 212).
Democracy has come to mean a principle under whose flag has most of the developed countries aced in their race for Imperialism. It has gone beyond all previous governing systems and has made room for progress and development. By offering free and fair elections, democracy has redefined human dignity and patriotism. It has also helped to improve decision-making among the citizens, and brought down the crime level. Democracy is for sure the most fitting among the other types of government, and needs to be implemented fully for effective functioning of a state.
Islam is a monotheistic religion and has been world’s fastest spreading religion. The religion Islam is originated in the seventeenth century by an Arabian prophet called Muhammad in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Seventeenth century was period of slavery and cold war. Islam is an Arabic word which means submission and it basically means submission to god and realizing his power. The followers of Islam is called Muslims. The meaning of Muslim is to surrender and it basically means surrender themselves to Prophet Muhammad and by obeying his instruction they can surrender to Allah. The scared text of Islam is Quran. Major Islamic branches include Shiite Islam (Shia) and Sunni Islam. They belief that to achieve heaven they need to fulfill five pillars of Islam which include creed (shahadha), prayer (salah), almsgiving (Zakat), fasting (sawm) and pilgrimage (hajj). The various aspects of Islam can be further discussed through Muhammad life, Quran, hijrah, core beliefs of Muslim, contributions of Islam, and by discussing how it is related to western civilization.