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Roles of multicultural education in promoting diversity in schools
Principle of multicultural education
The major dimensions of multicultural education
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Multicultural Education
Getting Rid of the Stereotypes, and Teaching in a Multicultural Perspective
Overview:
It is rare that any two-classroom teachers will have the same definition for multicultural education. “The basic goal of multicultural education is to help all children understand and appreciate events and people from various points of view” (Welton, 113). Teaching with a multicultural perspective encourages appreciation and understanding of other cultures as well as one’s own. Rey Gomez states that teaching with this perspective promotes the child’s sense of the uniqueness of his own culture as a positive characteristic and enables the child to accept the uniqueness of the cultures of others.
Children’s attitudes toward their race and ethnic group and other cultural groups begin to form early in the preschool years. Children are easily influenced by the cultural, opinions, and attitudes of their caregivers. Caregiver’s perceptions of ethnic and racial groups can affect the child’s attitudes toward those minority groups. “Early childhood educators can influence the development of positive attitudes in young children by learning about and promoting the various cultures represented among the children they teach” (Gomez, 1). Gomez also states young children can develop stereotypic viewpoints of cultures different from their own when similarities among all individuals are not emphasized. Teachers can help eliminate stereotypes by presenting material and activities that enable children to learn the similarities of all individuals. Early childhood teachers and parents of young children should become aware of the myths and assumptions associated with multicultural education so that they develop appropriate goals and methods. Listed below are the assumptions of multicultural education created by Paul Gorski and Bob Covert:
1. It is increasingly important for political, social, educational and economic reasons to recognize the US is a culturally diverse society.
2. Multicultural education is for all students.
3. Multicultural education is synonymous with effective teaching.
4. Teaching is a cross-cultural encounter.
5. The educational system has not served all students equally well.
6. Multicultural education is (should) being synonymous with educational innovation and reform.
7. Next to parents (primary caregivers) teach...
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...es you can step on along the way, making sure there are no stereotypes in my classroom will be a necessity. Getting rid of the stereotypes, and teaching in a multicultural perspective will be one of my goals in the near future when I am a teacher myself.
Works Cited:
Dimidjian, V.J. “Holiday, Holy Days, and Wholly Dazed.” Young Children
1989: 6, 44.
Dixon, G. T. & Fraser, S. “Teaching Preschoolers in a Multilingual Classroom.”
Childhood Education 1986: 62.
Gomez, Rey A. “Teaching with a Multicultural Perspective.” Eric Digests
1991. 30 Jan. 2002 http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed339548.html.
Gorski, Paul. & Covert, Bob. “Defining of Multicultural Education.”
Multicultural Pavilion 2000. 30 Jan. 2002 http://curry.edschool.virginia.edu/go/multicultural/initial.html.
Norton, D.E. “Language and Cognitive Development Through Multicultural
Literature.” Childhood Education 1985: 62.
Phillips, C.B. “Nurturing Diversity For Today’s Children and Tomorrow’s
Leaders.” Young Children 1988: 2, 43.
Welton, David A. Children and Their World: Strategies for Teaching Social
Studies. 7th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
learn that the principles used in times of the Gilead people completely oppose the rights we have
First, the government used a dangerous literal interpretation of a Biblical passage as justification for adultery under the guise of reproduction. Second, the state constantly reinforced its falsified morality by saturating daily routines with religious expressions. Lastly, the regime altered Biblical references to further its political goals, and then prohibited language to prevent exposing its duplicity. Although Gilead rather effectively erased women’s values to construct a hyper-patriarchy, The Handmaid’s Tale provides a voice for this silenced population.
In Margaret Atwood’s, The Handmaid’s Tale, women are subjected to unthinkable oppression. Practically every aspect of their life is controlled, and they are taught to believe that their only purpose is to bear children for their commander. These “handmaids” are not allowed to read, write or speak freely. Any type of expression would be dangerous to the order of the Gilead’s strict society. They are conditioned to believe that they are safer in this new society. Women are supposedly no longer exploited or disrespected (pornography, rape, etc.) as they once were. Romantic relationships are strongly prohibited because involving emotion would defeat the handmaid’s sole purpose of reproducing. Of course not all women who were taken into Gilead believed right what was happening to their way of life. Through the process of storytelling, remembering, and rebellion, Offred and other handmaids cease to completely submit to Gilead’s repressive culture.
A multicultural perspective is an understanding of the similarities and differences across culture, ethnicity, sexuality, gender, and more. In short, it is a perspective that encapsulates an open-minded and yet holistic view of other individuals that limits (and hopefully eliminates) one’s own biases in their perception of others. The majority of students come from diverse backgrounds (culturally, ethnically, economically, etc.), and thus it is important to not only bring awareness of the dominant culture’s presence, but also make room for other cultures that are less dominant. With the constant stream of subliminal messages being sent to children, it is important to empower students who do not see their identities in popular culture. Even if children see their identities represented, it is often times a stereotypical representation which can perpetuate a negative sense of self. Additionally, a multicultural perspective is not only for children who are not part of the dominant culture. It is also essential for students
The Republic of Gilead is a futuristic world where its citizens are controlled through a group of classes known as the caste system. Allana A. Callaway describes this government creation as a "superficially designed [way] to simplify the lives of citizens by dividing them into classes with clearly delineated standards" (Callaway 49). Each citizen in Gilead is controlled in some way by the caste. The Handmaids are controlled by their large red dresses and eye blinders on their hat. The Daughters wear white to show their purity, the Wives by their home restrictions. The Commanders are controlled by their obligations. Every person working, and living in Gilead has some sort of restriction placed on them.
Many texts that were published from different authors have introduced topics that can be related in today’s society, but Margaret Atwood’s creation called, “The Handmaid’s Tale”, gives voice to the thoughts and revolves around the narrator Offred, a woman whose rights have been deprived due to political issues. However, the information shared by Offred to the reader to the text is not reliable for the reason that she only touches upon her own perspective. Through the text, Atwood depicted what the United States of America would be in the future based on the actions of humanity during 1980’s. The text is set up in an androcentric and totalitarian country called Gilead, where the government attempts to create a utopian society. Thus, in order to attain this society, the authorities generated their legislation from the teachings of the Holy Bible in an attempt to control humanity. The governing
The society which is truly only run by men takes specific sections of the Bible to put up on a pedestal and leave the rest of them to hide and act as if they do not exist. The government takes the parts of the Bible which glorify marriage, that forgive men of adultery for the purposes of childbirth, and that convict women. These were carefully chosen by the leaders and made them into the law that is used in Gilead with the purpose of giving them the most power possible. Other parts of the bible that emphasize meekness and humility have been used to order the Handmaids around. The only authorized religion that is allowed in Gilead is the one that benefits the state leaders. In the Republic of Gilead what the government has chosen to be taken from the Bible has become absolute law. “God is a National Resource” (Attwood 213). The people of Gilead are constantly being reminded by banners that they are ruled over by religion and they simply assume that they are being given the best. When in reality the government picks and chooses what he rules get to be. The government uses the Bible to strip away all rights from women f
In society today families are falling apart and getting divorced. Not all families of course but the percent rate is higher year after year. Destroy means “to wreck; ruin” (Webster’s 169). This is what most people would say about their family if their parents were no longer together. In Gilead this is what all families are saying. The government has destroyed the families by taking away the women and giving them to other families like a piece of property.
In the atmosphere carbon dioxide is chemically neutral, however when it dissolves in seawater it reacts with H2O to form a weak carbonic acid. Over recent years, oceans have become more acidic because of the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The acidity of the ocean is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions which are then measured on a pH scale – where the greater the level of hydrogen ions, the lower the pH (Askins, 2008). As the pH of the ocean drops from the pre-industrial value of 8.2 to 7.8 by 2020, ocean acidification is predicted to have a great effect on the ocean. Many of the aquatic organisms are very sensitive to the acidity of water, and as a result there will be effects at all levels of the marine food web (Balch & Utgoff, 2009). The carbonate shells of marine animals for example can dissolve in acidic waters. Also coral reefs will also be impacted negatively by increased acidity in addition to the effect that warmer waters are already having on them (McCarty, Wolfenbarger,
The manipulation of language is one of Gilead’s main tools of control over its citizens. Since Gilead is a theocracy, religion permeates
People in The Handmaids Tale are helpless in their society, making them give up their power and knowledge. Gilead created a state where only specific people get to have power, which creates a corruption of power. Power creates misery and paranoia for people in Gilead. In Gilead, people had their freedom taken from them, later creating a totalitarian state.
Throughout time women have been oppressed. The journey women have had has been a long one. Women were oppressed from choosing whom to love, speaking against her husband or any male, getting jobs outside household duties, voting, etc. Women were looked at as the weaker sex. The oppression in Gilead is no different. These women are oppressed by the patriarchy. In Gilead women are valuable, but not all are treated as such. Handmaids play a role for the greater good, but the Wives are treated above the Handmaids, even though the Handmaids, such as the narrator Offred, are the ones giving society a chance. The patriarchal society set in place makes all of the decisions over the greater women populations. Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale examines the overall effect of a patriarchal society on
Margaret Atwood created The Republic of Gilead, a society based on fertility and being able to have children, in her book The Handmaid’s Tale. Gilead is in the former United States of America. This area has become highly polluted and has caused the birth rates to significantly decline. Gilead was able to take over the United States’ government by killing off every single Congress member. While in a state of shock and panic, The Republic of Gilead took control by helping to “save” the population. The men are now either a part of the military or are a Commander. Commanders run a household and are responsible to “make” the babies. Women are either shipped off, domesticated servants or walking wombs. The Commanders each receive a Handmaid. Handmaids are the one who becomes impregnated. The Handmaids are heavily protected, since they are the only woman left with viable
In the Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, Atwood portrays many postmodern themes by exploring feminism, religion, and sexual violence through the perspective of Offred. Gilead, the society Offred lives in, is a religious dystopia that provides freedom from any sort of harm against women. Gilead is built around protecting women from sexual violence while reinforcing it through the many practices the society enforces.
Gilead government may have established at first by good intension for its society. However, the government’s efforts to make a better society did not work. Gilead is a dictatorship, that was built by abusing people’s fear and dissatisfaction with societal conditions. After the dictatorial controls were established, those in power played the politics of fear to maintain the regime.