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Explain theory of motivation
Motivation and their implication
Introduction of motivation
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Using Motivation to Improve Performance
Numerous organizations are aggressively competing to survive and flourish in this ever increasing challenging and volatile contemporary market environment. Motivation and performance of employees are powerful tools for the long-term success of the organization. Performance measurement is a critical characteristic of organization’s management since it reflects the progress and achievement of the organization. Motivation is defined as “the durable intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior. ”When we refer to someone as being motivated, we mean that the individual is trying hard to accomplish a certain task in a given period of time. Motivation is clearly enough important for the
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For instance, one highly skilled employee may be motivated in his/her work to earn higher commission, whereas another employee maybe more interested for its satisfaction or the surrounding environment solely (Myers, 1998). The major core factors of motivation are one’s needs, rewards, wealth, determined goals, beliefs and dignity (Vroom, 1990)
In order to avoid marginalization and sustaining its competitive advantage, organizations today are required to adapt to the latest technologies and globalization. Economic, social, political and technological changes are the inevitable challenges that organizations are facing (Ford, 2005). Since changes are rapidly taking place in the external business environment, it is highly mandatory for all organizations to adapt to the important changes that can be sources of motivation for healthy competitive advantage.
What means employees willing to “go the extra mile” to provide excellent service, market a company’s goods effectively, or achieve the goals set for them? Answering this kind of arose questions of utmost importance to understand and manage the work behavior of our peers, subordinates, and even supervisors. As with many questions involving human beings, the answers are anything but significantly simple. Instead, they are several theories explaining the concept of the
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However quite many leaders find it difficult in understanding the motivation as far as theory and practice is concerned. The main reason for the difficulty is failing to identify the difference that exists between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The leader should be able to understand the difference elements that are contained in the same. Failure to do this means that the leader might get mixed up when it comes to
Once stated by Dwight D. Eisenhower, “Motivation is the art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it.” The aforementioned ideology places an emphasis on an individual’s internal desires, rather than an outside/external force driving the individual’s consciousness (cognitive evaluation.) Therefore intrinsic motivation is one in which an individual 's own desire comes from within; a relentless and genuine passion for an intended goal. On the contrary, when an individual relies on external factors such as, a reward or any other form of external reinforcement, an extrinsic motivation is exhibited. Although society likes to stress the importance in pursuing an internal motivation, in today 's modern world, an extrinsic factor far outweighs an internal desire to accomplish an objective.
As human beings it is difficult for us to efficiently conduct a task that is not of our interest. Although most, if not all, of us want to succeed in our endeavors, such is often difficult when the task is one we seldom care about. This is where the concept of motivation comes into play. As per the class textbook, motivation is defined as “The processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.”(Robbins & Judge, 2013, p. 202). Motivation plays a huge factor in how intensely and efficiently an employee goes about performing a task.
In this is time of unprecedented change in our modern society, no business can be stagnant and still survive. The changes are occurring at faster and faster velocities. As examples, telephone, personal digital devices, TV, microwave, and environmental friendly and hybrid cars were not even in use decade years ago, and today these devices are commonplace, along with the computer, Internet, and fax. An ongoing change process is the norm, and when organization does not evolve with the environment, failure becomes the end result. Companies’ success depends greatly on their ability to develop a suitably flexible means of organizing their activities (Child, 2005). Most organization goes through periods of transformation. To be successful, organizations have to embrace many forms of change. Businesses must develop superior production technologies, create new products and services needed in the marketplace, implement new organizational systems, and develop employees' skills. Business enterprises that adapt effectively are both profitable and achieve sustainable competitive advantage.
There is really no organization that it is not faced with a changing situation. Technology and globalization are perhaps the biggest issues impacting most organizations today. The difficulties that loom for creating that change can be intimidating.
Motivation is an important concept which is critical for understanding of and improvement in organizational behaviour and performance. It is therefore important for the managers to understand motivation. It is an important tool which they can use to get more out of their employees and increase organizational performance. Motivation can be defined as the factors, both internal as well as external which arouse in individuals the desire and commitment for a job (Mele, 2005, p. 15). Organizational performance on the other hand refers to the degree to which the organizational objectives have been achieved.
Motivation is key in the workplace. It is developed from the collaboration of both conscious and unconscious principles such as the strength of desire or need, motivating force or reward estimation of the objective, and desires of the person and of his or her peers/co-workers. These elements are the reasons one has for carrying on a specific way. An illustration is an understudy that invests additional energy contemplating for a test since he or she needs a superior review in the class. The Inside and outside principles that animate want and vitality in individuals to be constantly intrigued and centered around their work, part or subject, or to try to achieve an objective.
Motivation is the reason or purpose behind action, or what causes one to act in a particular manner. Motivation can either be intrinsic or extrinsic in nature, yet it rests solely within the power of the individual actor to be motivated (or not) by intrinsic and extrinsic motivators. Motivation is an extremely important topic of discussion in the larger discourse on leadership. It is important because it provides the basis for human action, or inaction. Leaders must be able to understand what motivates their followers in a hope to use that knowledge to guide them to behave in a certain way that is beneficial for the organization. To do so, it behooves leaders to understand the basic concepts and theories of motivation that abound.
This literature review is part of an assessment for management unit MAN5010. It is also a personal commitment to pursue and familiarise myself with significant challenges faced by management today. The majority of business analysts acknowledged that business is becoming more uncertain as the future becomes more competitive (Furnham, 2000 cited in Senior & Swailes, 2010). In a globalised world, change is almost endless in organisation to be sustainable considering the vast competition brought about by both emerging and developed countries. To sustain competitiveness an organisation is required to manage its product and the markets demands, technological advancement and the fast change in many facet of the business (Santhidran, Chandran, & Borromeo, 2013).
When it is discovered that a worker can fulfill the requirements of their job, but are experiencing shortcomings in doing so, many times it is believed that worker motivation may be the root of the problem (Laird 95). What, though, is work motivation? According to Laird (2006), “motivation is a fundamental component of performance “ and “is the reason that someone chooses to do some things and chooses not to do others”. In other words, work motivation is what energizes workers to the level of output required to fulfill a task, directs their energy towards the objectives that they need to accomplish, and sustains that level of effort over a period of time (Steers et al., 2004). In essence, worker motivation is what gets the job done. Employee motivation has always been a central problem in the workplace, and, as an individual in a supervisory position, it becomes ones duty to understand and institute systems that ensure the proper motivation of your subordinates. Proper motivation of employees can ensure high productivity and successful workflow, while low worker motivation can result in absenteeism, decreased productivity rates, and turnover. A large body of research has been produced regarding motivation, and much of this research is applicable to the workplace. Due to the nature of man, motivation varies from individual to individual, and, because of this, there is no one system that is the best for ensuring worker motivation in every organizational situation, and, as a product, many theories have been created to outline what drives people to satisfactorily complete their work tasks. Throughout the course of this document, the three main types of these motivational theories will be outlined and examples of each as well...
In daily life, we need motivation to improve our performance in our job or in studies. Motivation is an internal force, dependent on the needs that drive a person to achieve. In the other words, motivation is a consequence of expectations of the future while satisfaction is a consequence of past events (Carr, 2005). We need to give reward to our self when we did correctly or we has achieve our target. Reward is something that we are given because we have behaved well, worked hard, or provided a service to the community. Theories of motivation can be used to explain the behavior and attitude of employees (Rowley, 1996; Weaver, 1998). The theories include content theories, based on assumptions that people have individual needs, which motivate their action. Meanwhile according to Robbins (2001), motivation is a needs-satisfying process, which means that when a person's needs are satisfied by certain factors, the person will exert superior effort toward attaining organizational goals. Schulze and Steyn (2003) affirmed that in order to understand people’s behavior at work, managers or supervisors must be aware of the concept of needs or motives which will help “move” their employees to act.Theories such as Maslow (1954), McClelland (1961), Herzberg (1966) and Alderfer (1969) are renowned for their works in this field. The intrinsic reward or also be known as motivators factors is the part of Herzberg motivation theory. Motivators are involve factors built into the job or the studies itself such as achievement, recognition, responsibility and advancement. Hygiene factors are extrinsic to the job such as interpersonal relationship, salary, supervision and company policy (Herzberg, 1966. There have two factors that are called hygiene fac...
The function of manager is to complete a task on time. The task or project may be very simple or vastly complex and technically challenging. Where, a manager must find ways to motivate the people working on the task. In order to understand how to motivate the people, a manager must also understand the difference between the management and the leadership. An understanding of the motivation methods, including the traditional theories from the early to mid 21st century to more modern theories of motivation, is ...
Dwight D. Eisenhower once said, “Motivation is the art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it.” Studies have found that high employee motivation goes hand in hand with strong organizational performance and profits. Therefore, managers are given the responsibility of finding the right combination of motivational techniques and rewards to satisfy employees’ needs and encourage great work performance. This becomes a bit more challenging as employees’ needs change from one generation to another. Three of the biggest challenges a manager faces in motivating employees today are the economy and threats to job security, technological advances, and company cultures that primarily focus on the bottom line.
Though both motivational theories are different by definition, it is nearly impossible to explain one theory without the other. E. Deci (1971) examines the duality of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in his academic article
Both employing organizations and individuals must be prepared for the coming changes or fund their success limited. As for businesses, globalization and a rapidly evolving workforce are redefining how we think about competence, creativity, productivity, and the structuring of organizations.
Organizations with global presence are being forced to become more competitive and responsive to changes in technology that enable new approaches and expansion, in an effort to attain their competitive advantage.