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Ethical principles in the medical field
Medical ethics
Medical ethics
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For most controversial issues one point of view is not enough to satisfy and fully comprehend issues in question. In order to increase and deepen our knowledge of them, we must seek various perspectives on those particular situations. Now, this is easier said than done; usually, it is difficult for us to see issues from the perspective of others, (Chaffee, 2004). In the passage that you considered for your discussion, I notice an important statement issued by the professional society’s ethics committee, and I quote: “it is sometimes acceptable for couples to choose the sex of their children…”, (Chaffee, 2004, p. 61). In order to take a definitely stand, I consider that we must investigate on which circumstances is this practice acceptable.
Many parents do in fact have desires related to their children that with sex selection could come to fruition, however using a child solely as an end seems unreasonable . Savulescu argues that if parents “love their child as an end itself” that any other desires, such as a father wanting a male child because he loves boys that play sports, that sex selection could facilitate would do no harm since it is ok for some of the “means” of having a child to be fulfilled.
Why is/was the ACA so controversial? The aim of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was to extend health insurance coverage to around 15% of the US population who lack it. These include people with no coverage from their employers and don’t have coverage through US health programs like Medicaid (Retrieved from, https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/affordable-care-act/). To achieve this, the law required all Americans to have health insurance, which is a reason for controversy because, it was inappropriate intrusion of government into the massive health care industry and insult to personal liberty. To make health care more affordable, subsidies are offered and the cost of the insurance is supposed to be reduced by bringing younger, healthier people to the health insurance system.
Ethics committee of the American Society for medicine. Preconception gender selection for nonmedical reasons.(May 5, 2001)
Sex selection is when one uses medical techniques to conceive the preferred gender. This practice brings up questions about sex discrimination, stereotypes, reproductive autonomy, and ethics of choosing children with certain traits. In the U.S, many organizations are against sex selection but have yet taken a position. Sex selection is connected with the idea of a certain gender being superior. People think of gender as categories, either boy or girl, not as a fluid. Some say allowing sex selection is another way to allow abortions; while others say it is better to choose the gender then kill the child all together. Clinics allow sex selection for the first or only child. More common is using sex selection for family balancing. In America, family balancing is used so parents can have a balanced amount of gender. In China, family balancing is used to fix the dominance of males from using sex selection for males in an overloaded
The necessity for a child to have two parents, one of each gender accordingly, is a need that is becoming, alarmingly, more and more overlook...
Kingdom Animalia by Aracelis Girmay is a book of poems on topics that I picked up on, such as gender, race, and overall identity, as well as issues like death, memory, and the overall interconnectedness of all living beings. The first 70 pages captivated me with Girmay's profound insights into the human experience and its connectedness to the natural world, often comparing humans to animals and so on. Girmay's ability to combine personal narratives with larger cultural themes creates an intimate yet global tapestry for readers. Her poetic narrative compelled me to consider my relationships with the world around me, even raising concerns about belonging, grief, and how we are all interconnected as human beings. Girmay's investigation of ancestry and heritage was one of the most striking aspects of the poetry book for me.
I’ve always believed that a girl partner up with a guy when they are old. When I was a child, I used to think that when I would grow up I would be married to a guy. Although I should know better by now I cannot help thinking that talking about sexual identities to children is not the correct time to tell them. At the same time I believe that they have a point, because they feel like children don’t know how they feel about themselves. As of right now a lot of children are growing up with different thoughts from the ones I had. Schools shouldn’t be teaching sexual identities because I believe it doesn’t correspond to them. Parents should be the ones talking to their children’s when they think is convenient. This also, would take the child’s identity if they still don’t know what they want as well
Over the course of human history, the gender of a newborn child has mostly been a welcomed surprise and an uncontrollable aspect of the lifecycle. Technology advancements have allowed parents to not only know the gender of their child before birth but to choose the child’s gender before being implanted in the womb. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) been available since the early 1990’s after Alan Handyside and his colleagues successfully identified and implanted female embryos for several couples at risk of X linked recessive diseases (Handyside, 1990). Every cell in the human body contains 46 packages of DNA known as chromosomes, which are divided into 23 pairs. One of these pairs contains sex chromosomes. Women have two X chromosomes while men have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. The factor that determines a child's sex is which of the man's sperm reaches the female egg. About half of a man's sperm contain girl-producing X chromosomes, while the other half contain boy-producing Y chromosomes ;whichever kind of sperm reaches the egg first wins the gender battle. But the new methods, some of which remain in question within the medical community, try and control that coin toss (Onion, April 26). The three factors that we will explore are the: legal, moral and ethical perspective on gender selection. Do the consequences of actions always direct what is morally required? What should happen when two principles come into conflict? For example, should patient autonomy be considered more important than beneficence? Are moral and ethically rules always binding, or are they only guidelines to be assessed in each case? The final topic to explore is society’s acceptanc...
One in every 2,000 babies born every year are neither male nor female, they are what is known as hermaphrodites. These children and their families are forced into a life of hardship and encounter many conflicts, which need to be addressed. Should the parents choose the assignment of the sex to a newborn child and subject them to a life of surgery and doctor visits? There are 100 to 200 pediatric surgical reassignments every year. Many of these children are subjected to doctor visits for the rest of their childhood. Worst of all, many of these children find themselves resembling or identifying with the gender opposite of that which their parents chose for them.
Determining whether to divulge the gender of a child should be a personal choice. Society should not dictate whether one chooses to disclose the sex of their child. At conception, the gender is determined by chromosome characteristics and it will be the male (male semen) that dictates whether the baby will be a boy or girl. Nowhere in any literature that has been read or published that it states that “society” is the determining factor whether a girl or boy will be conceived. Society suggests that knowing the gender is routine, but what may be considered routine for some is not necessarily customary for all. If one chooses to stray away from what is considered to be “normal” it poses or present an issue. Individuals are instantaneously met with opposition or back lash due to nondisclosure of the sex of their child whether it is unborn or born. A typical argument would be as to what color clothing to bring for the unborn or born child, should one bring pink or blu...
In the gender selection article, a fertility clinic is offering the chance to pick the gender of your baby. People from countries where gender selection is illegal, come to the United States in order to hve the chance to have a boy. Using PGD, a test that is used to detect gentic abnormalities, Steinburg can select a babys gender with 99.9 percent accuracy. Some people think gender selection is unethical because gender is not a disease. Some even say that gender selection is sexism and that it is just making designer babies. They are taking a natural process and are turning it into a design your own baby buisness. I think that it should be left natural because that is how it has always been. Also as a result, one gender
For centuries there had been one sex that dominated the development of society. Laws, religion and lifestyle all revolved around the idea that one sex, the male sex, was dominant. Oppressed and considered inferior, women would obey the men, forgo all rights and accept all responsibility. Only recently, with the emergence of the women’s liberation movement, have both sexes been considered equal. For the first time in human history, both sexes have been given the chance to fulfill their potentials without discrimination. Parents, despite preferences of having a girl, or a boy, have known that regardless, their child would have an equal opportunity at life. The cutting edge technology, however, means that all this could change. The ability of parents to actually select the gender of their child could have not only devastating effects on society, but on the lives of so many children and parents. Whether parents had a girl or a boy has always been left up to nature to decide. To date, no-one has dared interfere with the genetic workings of the body, mainly because the technology did not exist to do it. Now, with the dawn of the twenty-first century, that technology has arrived and mankind is faced with a very important decision: whether or not to “play God” and manipulate the gender of their child to suit their preferences. The romance of having the perfect nuclear family, with two boys and two girls’ fills the heads of young couples everywhere, and when given the opportunity, m...
The idea of being able to choose the gender of a child has not always been around. This controversy did not come about until recently because now we have the technology to perform this act of sex determination. Some say that we should be able to choose the gender of our children. However, other people think that we shouldn’t be able to because they say that it is experimenting with nature. Also, that it is unnatural. I used to think the way of the second viewpoint, but not anymore. There is absolutely nothing wrong with couples being able to choose whether they want to have a baby girl or a boy.
Part Two of Kartina Karkazis’ novel Fixing Sex focuses on the reality parents face when their child receives an intersex diagnosis. Karkazis illustrates what a couple experiences when they discovered their baby girl was not in fact a girl, in accordance to the socially constructed understanding of a female. She also covers the importance of choosing a sex with an intersexual baby when society is involved. A great example from the text is, “Bodies with atypical or conflicting biological markers of gender are troublesome because they disturb the social body; they also disrupt the process if determining an infant’s place in the world” (96). It ties in perfectly to the purpose of paragraphs four, five and six: The Ramifications of Corrective Surgery (Good and Bad). The quote highlights one of the “bad” ramifications of intersexual corrective surgery. It has progressed to the point where society has such a large impact on what is classified as a “proper girl” or “proper boy” that if a baby does not classify into one of those categories, then the child is no longer accepted.
The earth is considered as one of the most beautiful planets in the universe. It is the only planet in our galaxy that has enough water to support life. Unfortunately our planet is suffering due to many problems which should be solved before it is too late. The major problems that are facing our world today are population, pollution and animal extinction.