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Q1) Health insurance, whether provided publically or privately, suffers from the problems of moral hazard and adverse selection? How can health insurers get around these problems?
To understand the moral hazard and adverse of health care system, first have to understand the health care system itself. Health care is provided to publics or citizens of the country in different ways. One if publically health care and other is private health care system. For example Canadian health care system. Canada provides its citizens or residences a public health care system. Which is also known as a federalism. Federalism means the federal government is responsible for providing health care to its people. Most of this money to provide for the health care
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We live in a world where we are always busy doing something. We are doing so much in such little time that we often forget or do not have time to take care of ourselves. Our body should be our temple. If we do not take care of it, we will not be able to do the works that need to do, that always keeps us busy. In modern era being overweight has become a normal thing. People are not expected to have a perfect body. However, they are expected to be healthy. Some people are underweight. Some are overweight and some are obese. When a human body has more than 30.0 BMI is considered obese. BMI represents body index mass. BMI is body to height ratio. Having higher BMI doesn’t always mean someone is unhealthy. A lot of bodybuilder have higher BMI. However their BMI is higher because of their muscle mass and not body fat. Obesity is on the rise and it is growing fast. North America has the highest rate of obese people in the world and the number is going up every day. Different things causes obesity. For example sleep deprivation, lack of fresh food, food, cost of fresh food, lack of time, fast food at ease and lack of …show more content…
By teaching children at an early age the negative side of obesity, it will help keep them reaching for fast food. Government should focus on informing them about the need to fresh food in our everyday diet and the side effect of junk food. By doing this at an early age, it will create a good habit among the children and it will help them in the long run. Government should also introduce more outdoor actives for the children. Children now a days spent more time sitting at home playing video game then spending more time outside being active. By promoting more outdoor activities, the government will help people be more outdoor than indoor. In big cities there are barely any parks or recreational place. By improving the outside atmosphere, government will encourage more people to be outside and be more
Why is it so important that healthcare executives adhere to a professional code of ethics?
Sicko, a film by Michael Moore was released in 2007. The film investigates health care system in the United States. One would definitely get amazed by the facts and figures explained in this documentary. The movie explains failing health care system in the United States. America has advance medical technology, big hospitals, and educated health care professionals, but these facilities are not universal. The film starts by talking about true American stories; what some people have experienced from current health care system, those who had and did not had health insurances. The story starts by Adam, one of 50 million people in America who does not have health insurance. Due to an accident Adam required a medical treatment, but for the reason of not having any insurance he puts stitches on his leg by himself. The second story was about Rick, who accidentally cut the top of his two fingers, middle and the ring while working on the table saw. As a result of not having health insurance, Rick could not put the top of his middle finger back because it was costing 60,000 dollars and he did not had the money. So, he decided to put his ring finger back because it cost 12,000 dollars which he could afford. The movie does not go into the detail of 50 million people who do not have health insurance, but it’s about 250 million Americans who do have health insurance.
A positive aspect of this mechanism is that it adds in a middle man, controlling and regulating insurance, minimizing risks of adverse selection for both the insurance company and the customer. When insurance is distributed by private companies, adverse selection occurs and companies refuse insurance to high risk groups and institute costly underwriting practices to others (Heath, 123). In addition to preventing adverse selection, this insurance mechanism provides all individuals with the basics of care. As of 2011, it was reported that 100% of the Canadian population was covered under the public health insurance (Nationmaster). Unfortunately, the public insurance mechanism has
What Seems To Be The Problem? A discussion of the current problems in the U.S. healthcare system.
Obesity in the United States continues growing alarmingly. Approximately 66 % of adults and 33 % of children and teenagers in the US are overweight. Obesity is the result of fat accumulated over time due to the lack of a balanced diet and exercise. An adult with a BMI (body mass index) higher than thirty percent is considered obese (Whitney & Rolfes, 2011, pg. 271).
Childhood obesity has been on the rise in the last couple of years. In the 1970’s childhood obesity was never a concern to the public until the number increased over the years. An alarming rate of 31% of all adults have been obese since they were children and the rates of childhood obesity don’t fall too behind with an 18% of children being obese. That makes almost half of obese adults and children. A child that is obese has a 70-80% higher chance of staying obese even through their adulthood if no action is taken. Childhood obesity is not something children are in control of, these children suffer from different outcomes since they can’t look after themselves and heavily rely on someone to aid them when they need it. These numbers can be drastically altered in a positive way by educating both children and parents about healthy, nutritious foods to consume, supplying schools with better lunch and healthier vending machines with healthy choices and promoting after school activities to keep children active and away from electronics.
The American Medical Association (AMA) has declared obesity a disease. Obesity means that an individual has too much body weight that could possibly cause a health risk. Having a body-mass index (BMI) of 35 or higher makes an individual morbidly obese. A healthy BMI would be from 20 to 24.9. The United States has one of the highest obesity rates in the world with an estimated of 36% of American adults suffering from it. It is important to not label obesity as a disease because it leads 78 million adults and 12 million children in America into feeling helpless, and takes them away from believing it’s importance as a condition that is the result of eating too much and living sedentary lifestyles.
Ans 1) To mandate the insurance or not is a big question to be answered and still there are a lot of problems associated with mandating the Health Insurance in United States. A lot of views have been given by people regarding whether there is need of mandating the Health Insurance or not.
6. The special characteristics of the U.S. health care market are Ethical and equity considerations, asymmetric information, spillover benefits, and third-party payments: insurance. Each one of these characteristics affects health care in some way. For example, ethical and equity considerations affect health care in the way that society does not consider unjust for people to be denied to health care access. Society believes that it is the same thing as not owning a car or a computer. Asymmetric information also gives health care a boost in prices. People who buy health care have no information on what procedures and diagnostics are involved, but on the other hand sellers do. This creates an unusual situation in which the doctor (seller) tells the patient(buyer) what services he or she should consume. It seems like the patient has to buy what the doctor tells him. The topic of spillover benefits also cause a rise in prices. This meaning that immunizations for diseases benefit not only the person who buys it but the whole community as well. It reduces the risk of the whole population getting infected. And the last characteristic is third-party insurance. Which involves all the insurance money people have to pay. This causes a distortion which results in excess consumption of health care services.
...mption of food and physical activity. To make their children more active, parents should stop buying videogames and set a time limit to decrease the amount of time their children spend in front of a computer screen. Another way to increase physical activity is to encourage children to join an extra-curricular activity. Although it is easiest to prevent obesity at a young age, many people in the United States grow up obese or become obese. To help and to encourage adults who are suffering from obesity, they need to learn the life-threatening effects that accompany the “heavy” burden.
Rising medical costs are a worldwide problem, but nowhere are they higher than in the U.S. Although Americans with good health insurance coverage may get the best medical treatment in the world, the health of the average American, as measured by life expectancy and infant mortality, is below the average of other major industrial countries. Inefficiency, fraud and the expense of malpractice suits are often blamed for high U.S. costs, but the major reason is overinvestment in technology and personnel.
Moral Hazard is best explained with an analogy. For instance, we believe that all the safety features on our cars such as airbags, seatbelts, brake paddle, etc., make us safe on the road. Therefore we believe that we are safe and are more likely to drive riskier because of the belief that there is a “safety net”. Imagine all the safety features being taken off, meaning, that there will be no seatbelt or any other things that make the car “safe”, instead, there will be a dagger pointing directly to the driver’s chest. The result of this experiment, the driver would drive much more carefully and will take all precautions knowing that they have no safety feature to protect them. This is moral hazard. The ability for individuals to partake in riskier behaviours because they have health insurance. This is a major problem for Health insurance companies because they need to make a profit at the end of the day and do not need to take on clients that engage in risky behaviours. Another major problem with health insurance is adverse selection. Adverse selection is the tendency of insurance to attract those who are more likely to use it (Ward, 2016). Because the insurer is not aware of whether they are taking on riskier patients or not, the way that these issues are currently being dealt with is by the insurer offering cheap health insurance to
I personal know this because I am consider obese as well. I am learning to live a healthier lifestyle now while I’m young so that I can lower my risk of cancers and diseases associated with obesity to live longer for my son. Obesity is a health epidemic that is affecting all of us, all around the world, especially the state of Mississippi. In the state of Mississippi, it is ranked second in the nation. Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems(Wikipedia 2015). People are considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person's weight by the square of the person's height, exceeds 30 kg/m2(Wikipedia 2015). Obesity is an important topic to research because our health is at risk for many diseases and health related problems as well as our children. As a whole, understanding the causes and history behind this disease can guide us to treatment and prevention for all of
The term obesity is no longer unfamiliar to every-body it describes human body fat conditions which creates negative effects on health and living standard. Excess fat could distribute around the body or gather around one part. A research from the university of Birmingham concluded that 20% of the population are now obese costs £3 billion per year. According to this research, at the age of 16-75, the percentage of overweight is higher than women but women have higher obese data compared to men (40% male overweigh and 20% obese). An article in Forbes American business magazine stated that the United Kingdom ranks 28 out of 81 in a list of fattest country. For the fattest waistline Brittan is 58th. There was a formula called BMI (Body mass index) with the purpose of helping people control and record weight. According to the NHS, BMI is your weight in kilograms divided by your height in metres squared. If BMI is between 25 – 29 you’re considered overweight, from 30 to 40 is obese and over 40 is considered as very obese. The NHS is also introducing another method, measuring around your w...
Obesity and overweight have became a global problem in the last decade, according to the World Health Organization back in 2005 approximately 1.6 billion adults over the of age 15 were overweight, at least 400 million adults were obese and at least 20 million children under the age of 5 years were overweight. Experts believe if the current trends continue by 2015 approximately 2.3 billion adults will be overweight and more than 700 million will be obese. The scale of the obesity problem has a number of serious consequences for individuals and government health systems. Obesity is a concern because of its implications for the health of an individual as it increases the risk of many diseases and health conditions. Being obese means having so much body fat that your health is in danger. However, being fat is simply not an opinion. Having too much body fat can lead to many diseases. Obesity and overweight have become a global problem in the last decade.