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How to develop moral development
How to develop moral development
Abstract on moral development theory
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The Theory of Moral Development The Theory of moral development was founded by the psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg. He argued that starting from infancy extending throughout adulthood, we develop a moral compass that guides us through our life. Each moral judgment can be categorized into three levels, pre-conventional morality, conventional morality, and post-conventional morality, with each level encompassing two stages. As we grow older and gain new experiences, we begin to view the world differently and the moral reasoning for our choices evolves. In this paper I will be determining the moral development stages in which the individuals I interviewed belong. I chose four individuals all from different backgrounds of life, male and female, with their ages ranging from …show more content…
The chemist refused saying he worked numerous long, hard hours to develop this drug and he was going to make money from it. Heinz was desperate to save his wife, so later that night he broke into the chemist’s laboratory and stole the drug. I asked my interviewees if Heinz should have stolen the drug and their responses were diverse. Connor and Jessica both agreed that Heinz did the correct thing. Connor stated that he would have done the same thing for love, law no longer becomes a concern; however, if it were anyone else he would obey the law. Jessica said that a human’s life holds more value than the million the chemist would have made for the drug. Katie and Dave agreed that Heinz did wrong, stating that stealing is against the law. While the both understood that it would lead to the wife’s demise without the drug, they stood firm that stealing is a sin. Katie then went into the risks of being caught, that Heinz would be thrown behind bars, his wife would die, and it would leave the children’s life shattered. I then asked each of them, what if your close knit community was bound to find out about the theft and looked upon you disapprovingly and if that would change their answer. Connor
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development is three levels consisting of two stages in each. Kohlberg’s Theory explains how a human’s mind morally develops. Level one is typically common in younger children. The two stages in level one are pre-conventional stages. Stage one is obedience and punishment driven; one will judge an action by the consequences given. Stage two is out of self interest. Level two is mostly common in teenagers. The stages in this level
moral development. In these stages, Kohlberg concentrates on the reasons why people act the way they do; not the way they think about their actions or what action they take, but the reasoning behind their actions.
The moral development of children can depend on many factors. Parenting and upbringing of the child, their environment, social environment, gender, and race are all aspects that can contribute to how a child develops their moral standards and expectations. Many psychologist have tried for several years to develop a theory to how morality is developed. One in particular is Lawrence Kohlberg (1958), his moral development theory is based on the cognitive development of children and it is thought that moral development proceeds and changes as cognitive development occurs (Arnett, 2012). Kohlberg’s moral development theory consist of 3 different levels each containing 2 stages altogether making 6 stages of moral development, as Kohlberg conducted
They are able of solving problems using reasoning and logic. They can organize facts and events in mature fashion and figure out possible moves and their outcomes. They can also deal with proportions and analogies and reflect on their own thinking. One of the major themes of development is moral development. The most influential research on development was done by Lawrence Kohlberg. It was influenced by Piaget’s cognitive developmental approach. Kohlberg divided Moral development into 6 stages. The first stage is called Preconventional level. During this stage individuals recognize labels of “good” and “bad”, right and wrong, but do not interpret these labels in terms of social standards. The next stage is called Conventional level. During this level individuals make moral judgments based on expectations, whether the expectations are coming from family or society. This level of morality is shown mainly by adolescents and adults. The next level is the post conventional level. During this stage individuals accept and stand by society’s rules and laws but tend to view them in terms of the underlying principles. Individuals may also follow personal ethical principles. This is where they take into account human rights or life and
Lawrence Kohlberg theorized that morality has more to do with decisions than fixed behaviors. After studying several groups of people and their responses to certain moral problems, he was able to identify “three main levels of moral reasoning, with two substages within each level” (Passer & Smith, 2011). Prior to coming to West Point, my moral decisions were made along the lines of conventional moral reasoning, the second level, by conforming to the expectations of society. Within this level, I reasoned at stage three where morality is based on winning approval from parents, authority figures, and peers. During my first year of high school, I remember taking the AP World History exam and finding myself wanting to cheat on
Lawrence Kohlberg proposed people develop their moral framework in a series of three levels and six stages in the order listed. Kohlberg was interested in the reasons given for the moral decision. As we grow older moral reasoning changes through the series of stages from external behavior control to moral decision are internally controlled.
Many moral development as the needy variable, demonstrated a critical contrast amongst guys and females. There where females had higher post-ordinary scores than paying little respect to informative levels. Intriguing was that post-ordinary scores for guys risen as informative levels. In many of cases, there were no noteworthy distinction uncovered between traditional scores when age and morals preparing were the independent variables (Koliba, Mills, & Zia,
Essays on Moral Development, Vol. I: The Philosophy of Moral Development. San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row. Lindgren, M. S., & Renck, B. (2008).
Theresa based her opinion on the fact that the druggist will be charged with an unfair amount of money for a cheap drug and will not budge on the price. She feels the importance of getting the drug for Heinz’s wife outweighs what’s right or wrong. Theresa is the type of person that views the moral importance of a situation and makes the adjustments for personal gain. Based on the Kohlberg Moral Development theory, we can assume that Theresa falls under the post conventional level of development, which means her age ranges from 13 years and up (Dacey, 2009, p. 248).
Carol Gilligan is one of the first to address gender differences in psychology. She argued that the sexes think differently, notably when dealing with moral problems.Her most popular addition to modern psychology was her rework of Lawrence Kohlberg 's theory of moral development. Gilligan challenged that differences were based on social influences and gender attitude, this often disesteemed women 's way of thinking. With her theories of female moral development and decision-making, she focused on studies in both children and college students. While there has been criticism of her works, Carol Gilligan has changed the modern psychology with her feminist views. She has paved the women in the field and the research of psychology
Lawrence Kohlberg conducted research on the moral development of children. He wanted to understand how they develop a sense of right or wrong and how justice is served. Kohlberg used surveys in which he included moral dilemmas where he asked the subjects to evaluate a moral conflict. Through his studies, Kohlberg observed that moral growth and development precedes through stages such as those of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. He theorized that moral growth begins at the beginning of life and continues until the day one dies. He believed that people proceed through each stage of moral development consecutively without skipping or going back to a previous stage. The stages of thought processing, implying qualitatively different modes of thinking and of problem solving are included in the three levels of pre-conventional, conventional and post conventional development. (2)
What is moral development? In a nutshell, it’s the progression of morality throughout one’s lifetime by means of different stages. There are six of these stages, developed by Lawrence Kohlberg, that help to explain our moral choices and cognitive skills relative to our approximate age. Furthermore, as Kohlberg suggests, everyone reaches stages one through four: Punishment and Obedience, Instrumental Purpose and Exchange, Interpersonal Expectations and Conformity, and Law and order, respectively. Stage1 is characterized by the threat of punishment and the promise of reward. Stage 2 actions are
Adolescents are perceived by adults to be immoral and always going astray while never following the rules around them. There are many reasons for why this perception is created. Many of which are started because adolescents have not fully developed but are in the process of developing. They have not found out how complex systems of morality, social conventions, and personal domains interact with themselves and the world around them. By conducting immoral behaviors and experiencing harm themselves, adolescents learn how to be a fully functional moral person. This is part of the normal development process.
Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral development: the nature and validity of moral stages. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
Empirical data showed that young children are able to develop morals through experiences. For an instance, using Vygotsky’s theory, as children begin to develop language and their method of communication, they are able to interact with society and other social beings and thus are able to formulate their own moral reasoning. Additionally, social learning theory explains how through imitation and observation, children are able to slowly develop morality and ethics. However, because the theory is not a developmental theory and does not account for the learning of general moral reasoning, it cannot to some extent be used for the investigation of moral development. Conversely, some researchers (Narvaez, 2008; Lupien et al, 2009) argue that social interaction affect moral reasoning as early as before birth through the experiences of the mother.