The Moon Agreement stands as a supplement to the Outer Space Treaty, building upon the principles established within it but with a specific focus on the moon. It is interesting to see the idea of increasing the level of human well-being across the planet reemphasized in this agreement, as expressed in Article 4:
“The exploration and use of the moon shall be the province of all mankind and shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries, irrespective of their degree of economic or scientific development. Due regard shall be paid to the interests of present and future generations as well as to the need to promote higher standards of living and conditions of economic and social progress and development in accordance
…show more content…
Claims have been made that the CSLCA directly violates the Outer Space Treaty. This is a direct reference to Article II and the stipulation that outer space is not subject to national appropriation. Lawyers in the U.S. supportive of the CSLCA however view the Outer Space Treaty as purposely vague and designed to support innovation, “the CSLCA should be seen as a valid interpretation of Article II given the numerous ambiguities inherent in the article itself. More importantly, the CSCLA acts as an incremental mechanism in the formation of international space law that, in turn, should eventually allow States to come to innovative and cooperative solutions to preserve the Article II regime amidst future commercial efforts in outer …show more content…
Goldman Sachs issued a report to its investors that asteroid mining is more realistic than perceived and would actually have costs similar to traditional mining. While actual costs of the asteroid mining enterprise are still largely variable, the Keck Institute for Space Studies estimates the cost to identify and then bring a 500-ton asteroid to low earth orbit would be approximately $2.6 billion. The mineral resource value on many of the near-Earth asteroids are measured in the quintillions of dollars based on what their contents would be worth in the current economy. Table 1 lists the two most valuable asteroids currently identified by the asteroid mining companies.How the process of mining materials from space would be accomplished is of course very technical and complicated, but, companies like Planetary Resources claim they have a safe and efficient mining system under development. Asteroids will be mined while they are in their natural orbit around the sun, in part to benefit from the free thermal and solar energy sources it produces. Asteroid mining companies plan to do all the extraction and refining on site at the asteroid to lower costs by not transporting anything off the asteroid that isn’t of direct value. Mining of the resources to be discussed below will be used primarily for expanding space-based
Throughout the story “Walk Two Moons” written by Sharon Creech, Mrs.Winterbottom is faced with internal and external conflicts that lead her to change.
Objectives • To evaluate the difficulty of mining and reclamation To calculate costs, expenses, income, and profit from a hands-on mining exercise. • To evaluate the effectiveness of reclamation and its added costs to mining. To describe the increasing rarity of some non-renewable mineral resources. Introduction Minerals play an important role in our day-to-day life, but we often do not contemplate how the minerals are obtained. Minerals are scattered all over the world, just like any other resource.
"Its hazards are hostile to us all. Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation may never come again. But why, some say, the moon? Why choose this as our goal? And they may well ask why climb the highest mountain? Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? Why does Rice play Texas? We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy...
Space is also governed by rules and laws much like we do on land and sea. “Treaty on Principles Governming the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies,” or commonly referred to as the Outer Space Treaty was signed in 1966 by many nations, including the Unites States, and is the basis for most international space laws and policies. Some key points to take away from this treaty in relation to the space weapons debate are the following: “(1) outer space is open to all nations to explore and use; (2) nations cannot own any portion of outer space; (3) outer space will be used for peaceful purposes; (4) nations cannot place, put in orbit, or station any weapons of mass destruction in any form in outer space.” (UNOOSA) These principles and laws are also mostly reflected in our nation’s space policy, and our national security space strategy.
The Walk Two Moons tells the story of Sal which is 13-year-old. Sal is a high-spirited country girl deeply troubled by the loss of her mother. She gains strength from spending time in natural settings and from her Native American heritage, and many of her memories and experiences center on trees, rivers, wild berries, and mountains. Although she is rebellious and often skeptical of adults, she is open-minded and deeply compassionate.
“In a fraught fiscal climate, NASA should focus on what it does best and on what offers the best return on investment. Solar system exploration meets both criteria: the U.S. has long led the interplanetary charge, and the resulting scientific benefits have come at a relative bargain. This year NASA 's planetary science program cost about $1.5 billion -- less than what NASA spent designing a congressionally mandated rocket, the Space Launch System, which appears more likely to satisfy aerospace contractors than to aid the cause of space exploration. Such directives from lawmakers all too often land in NASA 's lap without the funds to carry them out (To The
In the novel, Walk Two Moons by Sharon Creech, Grams is bitten by a water moccasin. The water moccasin, also know as Agkistrodon piscivorus, is North America's only venomous water snake (Wikipedia.com). It tends to live in particularly slow-moving and shallow lakes, streams, and marshes (livescience.com). This snake has a distinctive blocky, triangular head and a thick body (livescience.com). The water moccasins rarely bite humans, however, their bite can be fatal (Wikipedia.com). It is important to respond quickly to bite from a water moccasin. According to the Mayoclinic.org if you are bitten by a snake you should “ 911 or your local emergency number immediately” and while waiting for medical help: 1) remain calm, 2) move away from the snake, 3) remove tight clothes or jewelry, 4) keep bite below heart level, 5) clean wound and cover with dry dressing, 6) don’t use a tourniquet or ice pack, 7) do NOT cut or attempt to remove venom, 8) don’t drink caffeine or alcohol, 9) don’t catch the snake, 10) remember what the snake looked like so it could be identified.
The “gold rush” could soon become the “asteroid rush”. Mining space is something that has never been conducted behind NASA, but behind private companies this is a new venture that can be explored. Although, the technical aspects still need to be worked out and the thought of mining asteroids is ludicrous, this is a very feasible option. Many companies have already constructed a plan on how they could mine these asteroids. In an interview with Elon Musk, he discusses how mining asteroids will one day be able to sustain the space economy. When Musk refers to the space economy he is referencing his idea and plan of one day colonizing Mars along with constant interplanetary travel. “Others [asteroids] are substantial and potentially packed full of water and various important minerals, such as nickel, cobalt, and iron. One day, advocates believe, those objects will be tapped by variations on the equipment used in the coal mines of Kentucky or in the diamond mines of Africa. And for immense gain: According to industry experts, the contents of a single asteroid could be worth trillions of dollars” (Shaer). The thought of wiping out the entire United States debt with one or two successful excavations of an asteroids should be enough to gain public support of privately funded space programs. Although private, these companies will need immense public support. In order to gain billionaire investors and find people willing to risk their life to pioneer space, people want a plan. Private companies such as Blue Origin and SpaceX have provided the world with numerous plans on how we can commercialize space on our journey to discover more of the vast
These are the reasons why I believe there should be more investment in space research and technology. It would be a time consuming and financially draining quest, but the pay off in new technology, applications, resources, and expansion opportunities make it a goal to strive for. As our rate of consumption of Earth’s natural resources continues to increase, it is imperative that we invest in the research of outer space as a possible solution to sustaining the human race.
The are about 17 states as parties to the treaty. The moon itself as another part of the outer space had been declared as part of the common heritage of mankind. According to Article 11 of the Moon Treaty, the moon and its natural resources are the common heritage of mankind and envisages that the state parties will attempt to establish an international regime in order to govern the exploitation of its natural resources with the purpose of ensuring orderly and safe development, rational management, and the expansion of opportunities in the use of those resources. However, this treaty was also a disappointment from the angle of worldwide law since it has yet to be ratified by states that engages in self-launched manned space exploration. [ Marko, D. E. (1992).
Bill has made another interesting point to give more evidence that we never went to the moon
Asteroid Mining). Diamandis compares the Gold Rush and its beneficial effect on society with the possible benefits of asteroid mining. Diamandis believes asteroid mining will greatly increase technological advancements due to better access to minerals, and even rare minerals for that matter. Neil deGrasse Tyson states just how valuable these asteroids are - “There’s millions upon millions of asteroids within the universe, all of these asteroids contain valuable resources. An average size sort of PGM asteroid… it could have 30 million tons of nickel, one and a half million tons of cobalt, seven and a half thousand tons of platinum, at current value [2013] that platinum comes out at 150 billion dollars” (Eureka!
The National Space Policy has undergone changes throughout its new creation on August 31, 2006, under both the Obama administration and the Bush administration. The act originally was established for overarching national policies that governed the conduct of U.S space activities. President Dwight Eisenhower said “More than by any other imaginative concept, the mind of man is aroused by the thought of exploring the mysteries of outer space. Through such exploration, man hopes to broaden his horizons, add to his knowledge, improve his way of living on Earth.” With that statement, is where our time in space begins.
There has been immense controversy surrounding whether or not the US government merely hoaxed the world by asserting victory over Russia in their space race. Various arguments and evidences have been brought forward for and against this issue with divergent conclusions drawn from this. However, my closer insight of the various facts surrounding the argument indicates lack of sufficient reasons to believe the US ever landing on the moon. It is regrettable that these unproven and unsupported reports about the landing of the moon by the US crew have infiltrated widely throughout the US and the world at large. This is particularly disturbing given that the public, especially the young curious population grows up with misinformed mentality of an issue whose occurrence remains in doubt.
Mining is the process or industry of obtaining minerals from the earth. Topics in this paper I’ll be specifically discussing are pros and cons of mining, structures of a mine, mining in general, California gold rush, diamonds in Africa, and comparison of diamond and gold mines.