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Irony in Shakespeare
Role of irony in canterbury tales
Role of irony in canterbury tales
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By examining Poe’s use of irony and sarcasm it is obvious that both are important tools that make Montresor’s scheme of retribution even more bone-chilling. Expertly inserting these devices at different points in the story they show how Montresor insults his enemy and slowly but surely brings Fortunato closer to his immolation while seeming caring and kind. Many of these can be presented as verbal irony although some of the examples have a sinister underlying tone that mock Fortunato. Examples of verbal irony that can often be takes as sarcasm can be seen in many of Montresor’s words such as when he greets Fortunato and mentions that he is luckily met, where in reality it is extremely unlucky for Fortunato due to the plot that Montresor has
Poe uses irony in his story to engage the reader throughout his text, build suspense and create tension. Poe’s story uses information that readers already know and consequently uses irony in order to sustain the readers interest. He uses dramatic irony, since Fortunato is unaware that Montresor attempts to kill him, but the readers know that he will. Montresor reveals early that he is seeking revenge on Fortunato, therefore, when Montresor expresses concern about Fortunato’s health in line 36, "Come," I said, with decision, "we will go back; your health is precious. You are rich, respected, admired, beloved; you are happy, as once I was. You are a man to be missed. For me it is no matter. We will go back; you will be ill, and I cannot be responsible. (36), the reader already knows his plan. He is just trying to trick him into believing him that he cares about him to gain his trust. He also uses verbal irony, "Enough," he said; "the cough's a mere nothing; it will not kill me. I shall not die of a cough.” (Poe37), but Fortunato already knows how he will die later on. This example illustrates how vague Fortunato is and has no clue of Montresor’s evil intentions. The situational irony Poe uses in the story is when Montresor kills Fortunato and walks out of the catacombs. Montresor says, “my heart grew sick; it was the
In this chapter, Foster discusses irony. When Montresor is attempting to bring Fortunato into his catacombs, he makes several ironic statements. For example, he says that Fortunato’s “health is precious” (Poe 868). As well as this, Fortunato himself states that he “shall not die of a cough” (Poe 868). These two statements are ironic because Montresor is pretending to care about Fortunato’s health and life, when in reality, he is about to kill him. To add to this, Fortunato admits that he won’t die from a cough, unbeknown to the fact that he will instead die from his friend. Also, another ironic part of the story is the fact that Fortunato came to the catacombs for wine, but his own intoxication led to how easily he was killed. If it hadn’t been Carnival, and if he hadn’t been so heavily drunk, he might have been able to at least attempt to escape his inevitable death. Also, if he had been sober, he may have realized how foolish it was to follow Montresor to the catacombs when his story wasn’t exactly adding up. These are a few examples of irony in “The Cask of Amontillado.”
With a premeditated motive to commit such an act, the culprit, Montressor, thinks, constructs and orchestrates a presumed murder against his insulter, Fortunado. “Poe begins by describing, in characteristically precise and logical detail, Montresor’s (and Poe’s) idea of perfect revenge. At the same time, he needed to end his story by telling how his revenge had affected him. When Fortunatosays, “For the love of god, Montresor!” and Montresor repeats, “Yes, for the love of God,” Poe is indicating that Montresor is already experiencing the closure he sought”(Delaney 39) Unbeknownst why he wants retribution, or what it is that his victim has done to compel Montressor to kill him. What is given is a recount of the night under discussion.
One of the most horrifying lines in the story is given by Montresor after Fortunato says, “I will not die of a cough” (Baym ). Montresor says, “True— true....” (Baym ). It seems that Montresor 's murder plot became subconsciously manifest in those two words. Dramatic irony is irony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the story (“dramatic-irony”) and Poe uses this effectively in this story. For example, Montresor expresses concern about Fortunato and says, "Come, I said, with decision, we will go back; your health is
Irony is also used throughout this tale. The use of revenge in this story shows irony. Montressor avenges himself by fooling Fortunato into literally walking into his own grave. Fortunato pursues the "cask" which ends up being his own casket. Montressor even asks Fortunato repeatedly whether he would like to turn back.
Irony is used very often by Poe. Irony is when something occurs that is the exact opposite of how it should be or seem. Irony varies in that it may be displayed through someone’s actions or an ironic happening. An example of irony in someone’s action are in the Cask of Amontillado is when Montressor repeatedly seems concerned for Fortunato’s health, even though his real intentions are to kill him. It also may be considered ironic that Poe named the enemy of Monstressor, Fortunato. Being that Fortunato means fortunate or lucky in Italian, it is ironic that he is very unlucky in that he his buried alive in a wall.
One way that Poe uses irony is to emphasize Montresor’s dislike for Fortunato. Up until the end of the story (before it was revealed that it was a flashback), Montresor pretended to be Fortunato’s friend. When Montresor was coming up with the plan to kill Fortunato, he knew his
In the short story, “The Cask of Amontillado,” Edgar Allan Poe, the author, uses several different types of irony. At the beginning he comes right out and says,”…I vowed revenge,” which tells the reader he will do anything that must be done to seek revenge, (209). Later in the story he tells the reader who he is seeking for revenge from. This unfortunate character is Fortunato. While Fortunato was under the influence, Montresor took advantage of his befuddled behavior. Speaking in a pleasant and seductive manner, Montresor tries to lure him into trap by saying things like, “My dear Fortunato, you are luckily met…” (210). The sarcasm in his voice puts Fortunato under a false sense of comfort. This is an example of verbal and dramatic
In the story “The Cask of Amontillado”, the author uses lots of verbal irony to emphasize the evil intentions of Montresor.One of the examples of verbal irony in the story that he uses is “The cough’s a mere nothing; it will not kill me. I shall not die of a cough.” and “true--true, I replied.” The effect of this irony is it that Montresor already knows how Fortunato will die.Another example of verbal irony used in the story was when they did a toast to each other. “I drink”, he said, to the buried that repose around us.”
Even the characters names brings forth irony such as the name Fortunato means the fortunate one, which in the story he proves that he is not fortunate given the predicament that he is in. The name Montressor means my best friend and he proves that he is nowhere near someone’s best friend since he is seeking out vengeance on Fortunato. Another example of irony is when there was only one stone left to fit into the wall, and Fortunato shouts “Will not they be awaiting us at the palazzo, the lady Fortunato and the rest? Let us be gone” (10). This is ironic because Montresor was not going to undo all the layers of bricks he put up in order to let him out. Montresor tormented Fortunato by replying “Yes, let us be gone” (10). With that we do not know if he means what he says.
The first irony is verbal irony. Verbal irony is a figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant. There are many examples of this kind of irony through this story. The first irony is the name “Fortunato.” Fortunato’s name suggests good fortune, or of being fortunate, but he is exactly the opposite, he is killed. Another irony is when Fortunato follows Montresor go to the vault, Montresor acts like he cares about Fortunato’s health, “we will go back; your health is precious. You are rich, respected, admired, beloved; you are happy, as once I was. You are a man to be missed. For me it is no matter. We will go back; you will be ill, and I cannot be responsible.” (1202) But readers know from the beginning of the story, Montresor only wants to kill Fortunato. “And I to your long life,” (1202) Fortunato has lived out his life already, it is about to be over. Going deeper into the vaults, Fortunato gets more and more coughing, and Montresor shows his concern to Fortunato’s health “Come, we will go back ere it is too late. Your cough—“It is nothing.”(1202) But Montresor knows that the more he acts as he cares Fortunato, the more Fortunato wants to reach Amontillado-his dark fate. Fortunato is a man who is being blindly led to his death by someone who he feels as an admiring friend, but this friend is actually a person in searching for his own revenge.
Poe uses the literary element of dialogue to create irony in his story. For example, in the catacombs, Montresor gives the bottle of Médoc to Fortunato and he starts to drink it. Fortunato replies with a toast: “I drink… to the buried that repose around us” (Poe 211). The irony of Fortunato’s toast is that he is giving a toast to his death. Fortunato later gets buried with the same people who he thought weren’t good enough. Another example of an ironic dialog is when Fortunato refuses Montresor’s proposal to go back to the surface because of Fortunato’s abrupt cough. A proposal to return to the surface due to Fortunato’s coughing was rejected with Fortunato’s reasoning: “…the a cough is a mere nothing; it will not kill me. I shall not die of
Edgar Allen Poe uses irony and poetic justice all throughout “The Cask of the Amontillado”. The places where irony and poetic justice hold the most significance are the scenes where, Montresor speaks of the wronging done to him by Fortunato, where Montresor and fortunato speak of the coat of arms, and where at the very end when Montresor traps Fortunato in the catacombs and leaves him to die. These scenes clearly show the use of these two tools that Poe used to tell the story of Montresor and
Poe’s use of verbal irony emphasizes Montresor’s plan to kill Fortunato. For example, Montresor says, “My dear Fortunato, you are luckily met!” (234). Montresor is lucky to meet Fortunato because he plans is to kill him. However, it is obvious that Fortunato is unlucky to
The short story “The Cask of Amontillado” by Edgar Allen Poe and poem, “A Poison Tree” by William Blake both a theme of revenge. The poem and short story tell of the main character being infuriated with an enemy and wanting to seek revenge. Both authors use first person point of view and dramatic irony to develop the theme of revenge.