Monkeypox is a rare, viral disease. It mostly occurs in Africa, in the Central and Western rainforests. It is a common disease in rodents, such as mice and squirrels. However, there have been some outbreaks in the United States. The name Monkeypox comes from when the virus was found in laboratory monkeys in 1958. This was the first time the virus had ever been discovered in any species. Monkeypox was found in humans for the first time in 1970. Monkeypox is caused by the Monkeypox Virus. There was one outbreak in the United States in June of 2003. There was a shipment of rare pets, known as the Gambian rats, which had come in. The rodents then infected prairie dogs that were sold as pets. The people that were reported as infected had been …show more content…
in contact with the pet prairie dogs that were infected by the Gambian rats. This disease belongs to the group of viruses containing the smallpox virus.
It belongs to the variola virus group. The symptoms of Monkeypox are quite similar to the ones of smallpox, however; they are much milder. The symptoms are not as deadly as those of smallpox. Swelling of the lymph nodes, fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, and nausea will occur approximately twelve days after you are infected. One to three days after you develop a fever you will acquire a rash. The rash will consist of raised bumps filled with fluid. These bumps will go through many stages before they become crusty, scab over, and fall over. The symptoms for the virus last around two to four weeks. Monkeypox is transmitted through direct contact with an infected animal. This means that if someone is bitten by an infected animal they will also become infected. They can also become infected by touching the blood, body fluids, or the rash of a contaminated. The virus can also be spread from person to person. A person can become infected if they are in contact with large respiratory droplets from someone that has the virus. Additionally, they can become infected if they have face to face contact, if they touch the bodily fluids, the bedding or the clothing of a
contaminated. As of today there is no specific treatment for Monkeypox. Researchers are trying to find a relationship between it and smallpox. Nevertheless, medicines used for fever, pain, or coughing could help suppress the symptoms of the disease. They have found that if someone has had their smallpox vaccine they will have a lower risk of contracting Monkeypox. To try to protect the public from the disease, the CDC has sent guidelines out to help explain when the smallpox vaccine should and should not be used to prevent and protect against Monkeypox. One guideline states that if you are taking care of an infected then you should get the smallpox vaccine. Diagnosis of the disease is critical when trying to prevent the disease from spreading out of Africa. One risk factor for developing Monkeypox is if you are in close association with African animals.
[1, 4, 5, 9, 13] There have been no documented cases where a human has contracted the disease from another human. [4] It appears, based on field and lab data, that infection requires direct contact with the virus through means such as contact with infective bodily secretions, urine, or tissues. [12] It is unknown to scientists how the virus can be maintained in the bat populations and avoids extinction as the host species becomes immune to its presence. [14] The incubation period from time of infection to the onset of symptoms is about 5-14 days in experimentally induced animals [4] and 8-14 days in natural field cases.
This virus is similar to Ebola, because it started in the same place. Lab workers in Germany, in 1967, contracted the new virus while working with African Green Monkeys, which had the virus. The virus is described as a hemorrhagic fever. It has a fatality rate up to 90% and spreads through human to human contact. The first symptoms can be as simple as a fever and a headache, then can progress to organ failure, and fatal internal bleeding.
The gorillas live mainly in coastal West Africa in the Congo, Zaire, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon. Gorillas live in the rain forest. They usually live on the ground but build nest in trees to sleep in. Gorilla troops keep a 15-20 square mile range which often overlaps the range of other troops. There are three different kinds of gorillas. The eastern lowland gorilla the western lowland and the mountain gorilla. They are herbivores and eat only wild celery, roots, tree bark pulp, fruit, stems of many plants and bamboo shoots. They spend nearly half their day eating.
been previously touched by an infected person, will transmit the disease to the healthy person who
It was spread very slowly and less broadly than other viral illnesses which took a long time to identify the infection in the first two weeks. Infection of smallpox started to grow between 7 to 10 days when the scabs formed into bruises. The signs and symptoms of this disease include high fever, widespread rashes, redness, muscle pain, headache, common cold, vomiting, nausea and many more. Consequently, the virus was found in the bone marrow along with bloodstream in huge numbers. There are different types of the smallpox disease with other classifications.
...or children. The specific way of transmission is difficult to identify. Most common assumptions have been that transmission has occurred through skin lesions or by sharing blood contaminated objects. Infected saliva is another source of infection especially as a non-parental infection. The virus has the ability to enter a healthy body as an airborne disease by coughing and sneezing, from mouth-to-mouth kissing, biting or by sharing chewed toys and candies [2, airborn]
Samples of tissue from patients infected with the mysterious disease were sent to the CDC Special Pathogens Branch for analysis. After a few weeks and several tests, the virologists linked the disease with an unknown type of hantavirus. Because other hantaviruses were known to be transmitted to people by inhalation or ingestion of rodent feces or urine, our next task was to collect as many species of rodent in the area as possible in order to pinpoint the source of the virus (AMNH). While trapping rodents, we decided that it was worth the risk to not wear protective clothing or masks so as to avoid alarming residents of "The Four Corners" region (CDC). After testing approximately 1,700 rodents we had found a link--the prevalent deer mouse carried the unknown type of hantavirus. But why was this mouse suddenly infecting people in this region? I was becoming frustrated, my years of work in medicine were failing me and I couldn't figure out why these people kept getting sick.
is spread to humans by fleas from infected rodents. In the 1300s, fourth of the population
Updated Interim CDC Guidance for Use of Smallpox Vaccine, Cidofovir, and Vaccinia Immune Globulin (VIG) for Prevention and Treatment in the Setting of an Outbreak of Monkeypox Infections.” 25 June 2013. Center for Disease Control 20 Nov. 2014.
horrible disease was spread by infected rats and fleas and killed 1/4 to 1/3 of the
Chickenpox is a viral infection that causes an itchy, almost blister-like rash (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Chickenpox is highly contagious (Mayo Clinic, 2017). The Chickenpox virus occurs between 10 to 21 days after exposure to the infection (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Usually, the infection lasts 5 to 10 days (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Moreover, the Chickenpox rash goes through three phases: raised red bumps, fluid-filled blisters, and crusty scabs (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Papules, or raised red bumps, break out all over the body and last many days (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Small fluid-filled blisters, also known as vesicles, form after the papules, and eventually break and leak
The symptoms were blisters of the skins with puss and bleeding with high fever. The government was very aware and thought they had a vaccine but the micro-organism morphed into another pathogen that was airborn and the previous vaccine was no
According to the CDC, Center for Disease Control, during the first 48 hours symptoms like fever, headache, drowsiness, and could be apparent before the rash. The red, burning, itchy dots could appear all of the body including the arms, legs, head, chest, belly, and inside genitals. Blisters that are filled with clear fluid and ulcers can develop from the sores. The sores and blisters will eventually dry up and turn into scabs. The amount of spots on a person can differ per case; some have extreme amounts of blisters all of their bodies, while others barely have blisters. Warm conditions tend to irritate the rash more. The disease is easy to recognize because its main sign is rash. It is rare to get a lab for diagnosis for chicken pox although the varciella zoster virus can be diagnosed by a blood test that detects the antibodies for the
Brown howler monkeys are at high risk of acquiring yellow fever and a widespread outbreak can cause extinctions of local populations. There have been hundreds of brown howler monkeys that have died at the RPPN-FMA reserve because of this disease. Also at this reserve are yellow muriqui monkeys which are critically endangered but they aren’t as susceptible to yellow fever compared to the howler monkeys. The yellow fever originated from the mosquitos and has spread all over Brazil, eliminating populations of the brown howler monkey in the thousands, particularly in Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo in Brazil. An area that has been devastated by yellow fever is a government protected reserve known as RPPN Feliciana Miguel Abdala (RPPN-FMA), in Caratinga,
Recent research shows that, there are three major means by which infections can be transmitted and they include direct transmission, indirect transmission and airborne transmission (Hinman,Wasserheit and Kamb,1995). Direct transmission occurs when the physical contact between an infected person and s susceptible person takes place (division of public health, 2011). An example is a health care worker who attends to an Ebola patient, without gloves, gown and mask plus forget to wash his or her hand with soap and hot water and or a person having flu without the use of mask or washes his hand after sneezing easily passes the infection to the other through hand shake or surface touch, living the bacteria there for another vulnerable person to also touch if the surface is not disinfected with bleach. Studies makes it clear that, the spreads takes effect when disease-causing microorganisms pass from the infected person to the healthy person through direct physical contact such as touching of blood, body fluids, contact with oral secretion, bites kissing, contact with body lesions and even sexual contact. However, measles and chicken pox are said to be conditions spread by direct