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Essay On History Of Mental Illness
Essay On History Of Mental Illness
Conclusion of clinical psychology of religion
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Module 5: History of Psychological Disorders How does culture affect the identification and treatment of psychological disorders? Be sure to define culture and provide an example in your response. Culture is a shared set of beliefs. Our reading includes these few sentences, “A religious group, community, or nation each has a set of cultural norms, or expectations for behavior. When a person deviates from these norms, as a person with a psychological disorder might, he or she may be identified as "abnormal." This means that many people might have these feelings about their disorder that they do not want to share because they are afraid of ridicule and judgement. A lot people experience this judgement when they are told their mental illness isn’t
even there or it’s “all in their head.” An example of culture is my community. Many people could be or are struggling with a mental illness but won’t talk about it because they are feeling ashamed. Many people in my town say ‘what could they possibly be sad about?’ and another one is ‘anxiety and depression are overused words.’ Suppressing people’s mental illnesses isn’t going to make their actual chemical imbalances go away. Explain one strategy to reduce the stigma associated with seeking treatment for a psychological disorder. One strategy to reduce the stigma associated with seeking treatment for a psychological disorder is education. It may too simple but I personally believe if many people were presented with the actual facts and statistics their minds could be changed. Not many people know about what symptoms are presented with these disorders and how many people around them are affected. It is important that we work towards ending the stigma because people are in need of help. Everyone needs to remember that mental health is just as important as physical health.
Culture is a collection of religion, traditions, and beliefs that are passed down from generation to generation. Culture is created and maintained through the repetition of stories and behavior. It is never definite because it is continuously being modified to match current trends, however, historical principles are still relevant. With respect to mental illness, culture is crucial to how people choose to deal with society and the methods used to diagnose and cope with mental illnesses. In Watters’ The Mega-Marketing Depression of Japan, he focuses on how Japan and other cultures define depression, but also displays how the influence of American treatments in eastern countries eventually becomes the international standards. Even though the
In the 1800’s people with mental illnesses were frowned upon and weren't treated like human beings. Mental illnesses were claimed to be “demonic possessions” people with mental illnesses were thrown into jail cells, chained to their beds,used for entertainment and even killed. Some were even slaves, they were starved and forced to work in cold or extremely hot weather with chains on their feet.
Hays, P. A. (2008). Addressing cultural complexities in practice: Assessment, diagnosis, and therapy (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Unearthed skulls dating back to 6500 BCE have been discovered by archeologists to have large holes drilled into the sides of them. (1) The purpose of the drilling was to release the demon spirits that ruled inside these unfortunate beings. (2) The thought at the time was that strange, disruptive, or unexplainable behaviors demonstrated by individuals was a direct consequence of demons controlling the persons soul. These behaviors were seen not as a medical condition of any kind, but primarily relating to bad morals. There are Biblical references that Jesus cast out devils in those demonstrating irrational or crazed behaviors. Of course there are also Biblical reference that describe maniacal behavior that Jesus also healed and those individual were thought to simply be ill.
In the 1950’s, it was common so see people with frightened, uneasy, rejecting, and even arrogant attitudes towards people with mental illnesses. They considered those who were mentally ill as psychotic, violent and frightening. In the today, people are more accepting and understanding when it comes to mental illness, but some people are still ignorant with their responses, just like back then. In the 1950’s mental health treatment was typically provided in large state hospitals and other intuitions. Back then, topics like mental health were kept hush hush; people much rather putting those who were mentally in away in a state facility where someone else could monitor them. Today, people are more understanding.
Mental illness plagues one out of four American citizens. Mental illness varies greatly from person to person. The spectrum of mental illness includes many illnesses including, depression and anxiety as well as some more serious illnesses such as Down syndrome. All mental illness plays a role in how this person is going to function in society. These individuals have unique needs and individual strengths that need evaluated for proper care.
Cultural differences can conflict with diagnosing in different countries mental health disorders aren’t even recognised and there is also a stigma attached to mental health problems making people resistant to seek help or treatment. Diagnosing can also be difficult due to problems such as in one culture hearing voices can be totally normal yet in others this could mean your schizophrenic. (Hayes,2000)
History shows that signs of mental illness and abnormal behavior have been documented as far back as the early Greeks however, it was not viewed the same as it is today. The mentally ill were previously referred to as mad, insane, lunatics, or maniacs. W.B. Maher and B.A. Maher (1985) note how many of the terms use had roots in old English words that meant emotionally deranged, hurt, unhealthy, or diseased. Although early explanations were not accurate, the characteristics of the mentally ill have remained the same and these characteristics are used to diagnose disorders to date. Cultural norms have always been used to assess and define abnormal behavior. Currently, we have a decent understanding of the correlates and influences of mental illness. Although we do not have complete knowledge, psychopathologists have better resources, technology, and overall research skills than those in ancient times.
1. It is evident that determinants of health and illness cannot be broken down into a single, universal entity, but rather it involves interconnecting mechanisms all contributing to the overall experience of health. These mechanisms stem from one’s culture, for culture serves the purpose in providing people with meaning and a set of beliefs/values to fall back on. One may argue that the definition of well-being is socially constructed whereby normalcy in health is based on one’s culture, what one culture may consider to be a sickness, other culture’s may view this phenomenon in a completely different light. Features such as history, politics, cultural norms, gender, etc. all contribute to a particular cultural identity and thus contribute to the way’s in which health and disease is viewed among said cultures. Through the exploration of these features, one can understand the significant influence culture then has on medical practice and disease.
Culture tremendously impacts people’s lives both positively and negatively. Since culture is primarily a way of doing things that guides how a particular set of people who have common interests or have a common background, even medicine has a culture that is constantly changing with time. Medicine culture is affected by emerging technology, research and new illnesses just to mention a few (Pacey, 2014). Health is also considered as a cultural concept since it frames and shapes how we see the world and our encounters.
The standards of every culture believe to be considered normal, natural, or healthy. These views lead to disagreements about the causes, diagnosis, and the treatment of the disorders. Many people with mental problems are discriminated against because of their mental disorder. Mental illness and stigma refers to the view of the person with mental illness as having undesirable traits. Stigma leads to negative behavior, stereotyping, and discriminatory behavior towards the person with mental health issues.
Culture is an aspect of everyone's life. It helps others to understand another person's beliefs and actions. There are multiple cultures in the world which are opposed to their own kind seeking help for a mental illness. There is an infinite number of cultures that are represented in the United States. “Many cultural and religious teachings often influence beliefs about the origins and nature of mental illness, and shape attitudes towards the mentally ill.” (1). One's cultural beliefs can make them think about whether or not they should seek to get help for a mental illness. Among the cultures around the world and particularly in the US, many Asian cultures do not want the community members to be receiving help for their mental illness. In these cultures mental illness is seen as shameful, because these cultures influence the “conformity to norms, emotional self-control, and family recognition through achievement.” (1). There are many cultural factors that play a role in whether or not a person will receive therapy. These factors include: language, level of acculturation, age, gender, occupational issues, family structure, religious beliefs, and traditional beliefs about mental health (2). Language limits the access of therapy. If a person living in the United States does not speak English very well, it could influence them to not seek therapy. There is a large focus on “in-group/out-group” in many Asian cultures, as in everyone who is in the family/community around them are in the “in-group” and everyone else who is not like them are in the “out-group.”
It is introduced with diagnosis believed to reflect developmental processes that appear early in life such as neurodevelopmental and schizophrenia spectrum (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 13). It is then followed by diagnoses that appear more frequently in adolescence and young adulthood such as bipolar and anxiety disorders. Then it ends with diagnosis that are relevant to adulthood and older life such as neurocognitive disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 13). In the DSM, mental disorders are defined in relation to cultural, social and familial norms and values. Culture provides enlightening frameworks that shape a person’s experience and expression of the symptoms, signs, and behaviors that make up the criteria for each diagnosis (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 14). Culture-bound in the DSM-5 has been replaced with three important concepts. These three concepts include: the definitions of cultural syndrome, cultural idiom of distress, and cultural explanation of perceived cause (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 14). Gender differences, use of other specified and unspecified disorders, the multi-axial system and online enhancements are also included in the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p.
In this essay I am looking at where Psychology as a discipline has come from and what affects these early ideas have had on psychology today, Psychology as a whole has stemmed from a number of different areas of study from Physics to Biology,
There are a number of important issues that have been debated throughout the history of Psychology. This essay will consider two key issues concerning the way Psychology is conducted and understood. These issues include the scientific status of Psychology and the ethical dilemma of how far should psychologists go in the pursuit of knowledge?