MIGRATION AND BRAIN DRAIN
(A CASE STUDY OF AFRICAN STUDENTS IN SWEDEN)
To accurately analyze various impacts of migration, one must first understand clearly the meaning of migration. Migration is the process or means by which people move from one geographical location to another geographical location (Castle and Miller, 2009). However, migration plays a key role in the development of both developed and developing countries. According to (Castle and Miller, 2009), “we are well into a post industrial, post-cold war world and about to embark on a brand new century within which immigration will play a central role”.
Migration of people is not a new phenomenon, as people have always migrated from one country to another for various reasons. However, these movements may have certain enormous effect on the African continent, and it might also as well have a negative impact on the current development process that the region is undergoing (ILO, 2009). Apart from economic and war driven migrants (refugees); there is also another group of migrants (students) which are from different parts of Africa in search for better education abroad. The migration of Africans into Europe and America can be traced back to the 1960s, when large number of Africans migrated, engaging in an unprecedented expansion of access to education across Europe and America (Adepoju, 2004).
The increasing movement of people from Africa to other parts of the world has been credited to the advent of globalization by many researchers. Africa in general has experienced mass migration of people into other parts of the world due to various reasons. A number of these African migrants include students that are in search of education outside their coun...
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Firstly to justify why countries limit their immigrations, there should be knowledge of the different types of immigrants as there are different reasons to leave from one country and move into another. In the last 30 years, the number of international immigrants has been estimated 191 million worldwide, two times as before. As ...
This essay will define and explain the term migration and then discuss and examine emigration and circulation as well as arrivals. Further its going present some qualitative and quantitative evidence from the book “Understanding Social Lives” and the online module strands to support the claim.
Cohen, Jeffrey H, and Sirkeci Ibrahim. Cultures of Migration the Global Nature of Contemporary Mobility. Austin Texas: University of Texas Press, 2011.Print
DeParle, J. (2010, June 25). Global Migration: A World Ever More on the Move. The New
their higher education since it is hard for them to return back to their home countries (229). In
Brain drain is the phenomena in which highly skilled individuals migrate from developing countries to developed countries to pursue a more unique lifestyle. However, their exodus put their country at a major disadvantage, contributing to the retardation of their country when they deprive it from its most unique natural resources. In other words the educated and talented people become scarce. The negative consequences of brain drain on Africa requires a great deal of attention or otherwise as Dr. Lalla Ben Barka (Deputy Executive-Secretary in the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa) (ECA) says: “African governments have a great responsibility to ensure that brains remain in the continent; otherwise, in 25 years’ time, Africa will be empty of brains”. (A-RA)
bank, W. (2010). Migration and Skills: The Experience of Migrant Workers from Albania, Egypt, Moldova, and Tunisia. World Bank Publications.
From the 1970s to the present time, Fiji remained a labor emigrant country in Pacific and this can be attributed to the influences of globalizing processes In addition to the continuing permanent Indo-Fijian emigration from the country, Fiji has been witnessing new trends in temporary labor migration whereby mostly the indigenous Fijians, including peacekeeping forces, security personnel, nurses, sportspeople and students move out of the country on temporary basis (Mohanty, 2006). Most of the indigenous Fijian migrants are moving to non-traditional areas such as the Middle East. For example, ‘more than 1,000 former Fiji military and police officers are employed in Iraq’ (Fiji Times 2005). Under the influence of globalizing processes, geographic proximity is no longer the primary driver of Fiji’s current temporary labor migration. The number of students moving to overseas on scholarship programs is also on an increase. According to Lal (2003) this is another type of mobility that leads to increased temporary migration from Fiji.
There is no doubt that European colonialism has left a grave impact on Africa. Many of Africa’s current and recent issues can trace their roots back to the poor decisions made during the European colonial era. Some good has resulted however, like modern medicine, education, and infrastructure. Africa’s history and culture have also been transformed. It will take many years for the scars left by colonization to fade, but some things may never truly disappear. The fate of the continent may be unclear, but its past provides us with information on why the present is the way it is.
Hundreds of thousands of students come to the United States of America from all over the world because of it optimistic opportunities and the freedoms it beholds along with the prestigious universities worthy of attending. Almost every university and college across the US consists of an immigrant student who came here to study and prosper; students from Europe, Asia, South America, Africa, Australia and even Antarctica, if they had anyone living there. Recently, there has a change in where people go after they graduate college; instead of remaining in the US and having a future, numerous students plan on heading back home; this phenomenon is termed the “reverse brain drain.” The reverse brain drain is where the students of an under developed
whereas skilled laborers move relatively unhindered, those who do not belong to this elite category have limited access to migration opportunities, at least within existing legal frameworks, policies and practices, especially in South Africa. This is therefore an urgent for a re-examination of currently migration policies in Africa, especially with regards to how human rights of migrants and asylum seekers are perceived. Globalization has increased the mobility of capital, information, and goods, thus facilitating the non-liberalization of human mobility. Violent armed conflict in much of Africa has had its own share of increasing human mobility of those fleeing persecution.
Every year, most Countries losses half of its active population to migration. This Countries are left behind in the areas such as developmental and economical. The government and the people living in that Country suffers the consequences such as low productivity and poor academic performance due to lack of qualified teachers. People emigrate from their native countries for Economic, Familial, and Educational reasons.