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Refugee health implication immigration
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Infrastructural issues have long impacted diverse farm working communities. Sarah Ramirez and Don Villarejo (2012) make it very clear that the same problems and issues that migrant workers of today experience, was experienced by migrant workers of the 1940s. Those communities very much like today's have historically had unsafe water, lackluster housing, very low pay and minimal healthcare. Farmworkers desperate need to send money back to their home countries and the fear of deportation, cause them to accept the living conditions they are given (Smith-Nonini 2009). Furthermore, immigrant workers fear of deportation forces these individuals not to seek medical attention due to the fear of giving identifying information. The fear of traveling without a driver’s license also impedes farmworkers from attending health events, seeking medical treatment (Alexander and Fernandez 2014). Fear is a big influence in whether these people seek necessary medical treatment. Some going as far as to wait for their medical needs until returning to their home country. They avoid medical attention in order to stay under the radar. All these factors contribute to the exploitation of these migrant workers. It also allows to the owners of labor camps …show more content…
Rural slums were not produced by the residents of these dwellings but by the lack of policies aimed at ensuring standards of living and regulations of these environments and ignoring the needs of the people (Ramirez and Villarejo 2012). Study by Maureen Anthony et al. (2008) interviewed 1,314 surveys with farmworkers which listed language as the main barrier to healthcare. How can individuals bring up issues about their residents when they have trouble communicating their issues, finding healthcare and treatment for their symptoms, and understanding the legal system if there is a huge language
Chapter four talked a lot about The Tanaka brothers Farm and how the workers had picked berries once a week or twice a week and experienced several forms of pain days afterward. Workers often felt sick the night before picking due to stress about picking the minimum weight. This chapter also focuses ethnographic attention on how the poor suffer. The poorest of the poor on the farm were the Triqui Strawberry pickers. The Triqui migrant laborers can be understood as an embodiment of violence continuum. Triqui people experienced notable health problems affecting their ability to function in their work or their families. This chapter also talked about how crossing the border from Mexico to the United States involves incredible financial, physical, and emotional suffering for Triqui
farmworkers are under difficult circumstances, and aside from their work they have to deal with
In 1938, the Chavez family lost their farm due to the Great Depression. They were forced to relocate to California and become migrant workers. Chavez was distressed by the poor treatment that migrant farmworkers endured on a daily basis. His powerful religious convictions, dedication to change, and a skill at non violent organizing cultivated the establishment of the United Farmworkers (UFW). It was also referred to as “La Causa” by supporters and eventually became a vital movement for self-determination in the lives of California's farmworkers. The astounding nationwide lettuce and grape boycotts along with public support revealed the atrocities of California agribusiness and resulted in the first union hiring halls and collective bargaining for migrant workers. The details of the childhood of Cesar Chavez and how they would later shape his actions are a vital aspect of this book and the establishment of the farm workers movement.
In the late nineteenth century, many European immigrants traveled to the United States in search of a better life and good fortune. The unskilled industries of the Eastern United States eagerly employed these men who were willing to work long hours for low wages just to earn their food and board. Among the most heavily recruiting industries were the railroads and the steel mills of Western Pennsylvania. Particularly in the steel mills, the working conditions for these immigrants were very dangerous. Many men lost their lives to these giant steel-making machines. The immigrants suffered the most and also worked the most hours for the least amount of money. Living conditions were also poor, and often these immigrants would barely have enough money and time to do anything but work, eat, and sleep. There was also a continuous struggle between the workers and the owners of the mills, the capitalists. The capitalists were a very small, elite group of rich men who held most of the wealth in their industries. Strikes broke out often, some ending in violence and death. Many workers had no political freedom or even a voice in the company that employed them. However, through all of these hardships, the immigrants continued their struggle for a better life.
The migrant worker community in states like Florida, Texas, and California is often an ‘obscure population’ of the state. They live in isolated communities and have very little stability or permanence. According to the Florida Department of Health, 150,000 to 200,000 migrant workers work in the State of Fl...
Farm life of the 1930s was really hard for all the farmers. They did lots to get through the 1930s without starving. In York county they didn’t indoor bathrooms, light or, heat unlike the people who lived in the towns of the 1930s.(Reinhardt n. pag.) to feed there family’s many raised their own food like chicken which gave them eggs, cows which also gave them beef and milk to drink. They grew vegetables for there from there garden. (Reinhardt n. pag.)Which families didn’t do it alone they had help from there neighbors to help them along the way.
The Mexican Migrant Farm Workers’ community formed in Southern California in the 20th century because of two factors that came together: farming emphasized by migrations like the Okie farmers from the East and Mexicans “imported” to the U.S. because of the need for cheap labor as a replacement of Americans during World War II. The migrant labor group formed after an already similar group in the U.S had been established in California, the American farm workers from the East, known as the Okies. The Dust Bowl of the 1930s caused the movement of the Okies to the West and was followed by the transition from American dominant farm labor to Mexican migrant labor. The Okies reinforced farming in California through the skills they took with them, significant to the time period that Mexicans arrived to California in greater numbers. However, the community was heightened by World War II from 1939 to 1945, which brought in immigrants to replace Americans that left to fight in the battlefields. Robin A. Fanslow, archivist at the Library of Congress, argues that because of World War II, “those who were left behind took advantage of the job opportunities that had become available in [the] West Coast” (Fanslow). Although some Mexican migrants already lived in the U.S prior to this event, a vast majority arrived at the fields of California specifically to work as farmers through the Bracero Program, created because of the Second World War. Why the Second World War and not the First World War? WWII urgently demanded labor and Mexico was the United States’ closest resource. Although WWI also caused the U.S. to have a shortage of labor; at the time, other minorities dominated, like the Chinese and Japanese.
...of the migrant farm workers in the United States. Some opponents of the WIC program and its benefits believe that WIC is not doing enough to help this group. The policies in place and special provisions of the WIC program for migrant farm workers is an asset for the migrant farm worker community and has been proven beneficial in reducing nutritional and health risks for the eligible participants. The continued exposure and improvement of the implementation by each state will continue to increase the number of people aided by this program.
Weigel, M. M. and R. X. Armijos (2011). "Exploratory Study of the Occupational Health and Health-Seeking of Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers on the U.S.-Mexico Border." J Immigr Minor Health.
One major contribution to the growth of the agricultural economy was the creation of the Bracero Program (Carlos Marentes and Cynthia P. Marentes, 1999). A historical example is that on August 4, 1942, the U.S. and the Mexican government united to make the Bracero program (Carlos Marentes and Cynthia P. Marentes, 1999). Many had abandoned their home and headed to the U.S to work as Braceros. More than 4 million Mexican farm laborers came to work in the fields (Carlos Marentes and Cynthia P. Marentes, 1999). The Mexican migrant workers have been the foundation for the development of the rich American agricultural industry (Carlos Marentes and Cynthia P. Marentes, 1999). Many farm laborers arrived to the U.S as hard working and extremely skilled. The majority of the workers had a high experience in the field labor, because many came from agricultural regions of México.
Farm workers today receive a tiny percentage of the retail price of the crops they produce. Mentioned during an article by Tim Redmond, a survey of 120,000 migrant farm workers was conducted in 2008 by a demographer named Rick Mines. He found that one third of the workers earned above the minimum wage, one third reported earning exactly the minimum and one third reported earning below the minimum wage. Growers are potentially paying an illegal wage and ten of thousand farm workers today still face the ongoing difficulties which occurred 80 plus years
In studying our prior immigration waves and the outcomes they have had on U.S. History, one can only better understand how to lead the next generations into a hopeful future. With researching into California’s farming movement and reading America is in the heart (Bulosan, 1946), one can gain a better look of the struggles and hardships the immigrants had encountered and can lead to a more clear path for the future generations as to not repeat the circumstances that may not have been in the best interest of all.
The use of contingent workers is on the rise. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics defines contingent workers as anyone who "does not have an explicit or implicit contract for long-term employment" (Phillips & Gully, 2011 pg 51). This definition includes independent contractors, freelancers, consultants, and temporary workers who may or not work for an agency. In the past 50 years, temporary workers have been crucial to many businesses, and their role in business is growing. Companies must recognize potential problems and concerns brought about by employing temporary workers, and adjust their approach to staffing.
Many of us disregard the reasons for these existing settlements. The reason for growth of slums is migration from rural to urban areas by people who are looking for better opportunities in the city compared to agricultural jobs. Slums clearly represent the disproportion between migration into cities and economic growth within the city. However, Migration creates a high demand for housing as a result, house shortages occur, which forces people to move and live in the urbanities of the city. The definition of a slum presented by the Challenge of Slums: Global Report on human settlements 2003 a Un-Habitant report is, “A run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security”. These existing communities are often heavily populated and disregarded by the rest of the government and the rest of the world.
However, the Studies on urban development have shown that modern urban slums are an outgrowth of limited and distorted industrial and commercial development and that they punctuate almost every city in the world. Countries which have followed the path of development based on privately owned means of production have always ended up with vast area of stink, misery, squalor and degradation for the poor and bulk of middle class inhabitants of their cities. As there is industrial and commercial expansion in cities, people migrate from nearby and far off areas to such cities in search of jobs. Vast bulk of such migrants belongs to the weaker sections of the society having only their labor power to sell. Their contribution to the City’s economy and other servi...