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Mental health in prisons essay
Mental health in prison thesis
Mental health in prison thesis
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It is unfortunate and a disservice to incarcerate mentally ill persons within a criminal justice institution and not provide them with the health care needed to assist them with living a better life within society. The problem all too often begins on the street with the patrolman who comes in contact with an individual who has an altered mental state. Without the proper training the officer cannot effectively ascertain whether or not the subject is intoxicated, on an illegal substance, non-prescribed medication, or has a mental illness. Therefore, the normal response is to take the subject into custody and transport them to a detention facility. Unfortunately, the intake officer is typically less trained than the patrolman, so nothing
How do the issues facing those doing strategic planning differ from those doing tactical planning? Can the two really be
Budget cuts in prison are affecting mental health care for prisoners. Budget cuts are eating away the funding for mental health care "police officers in Reno with mental health counselors to reach out to the mentally ill, whether they’ve committed crime, are a threat to themselves, or could be in the future ,and are Already starved for services, troubled citizens sometimes tumble into homelessness and alcoholism and tussle violently with police, who are usually ill-equipped to help them"(Kihmm). They will not be able to receive the proper medication they need. These inmates that are ill are just finding bad ways to not feel the sickness they have. Most of the ex cons just go back to jail, because of there mental illness. There untreated mental
Critical to understanding the extent of the problem is a clear definition of mentally ill, “a person suffering from mental illness and, owing to that illness, there are reasonable grounds for believing that care, treatment or control of the person is necessary for the person’s own protection from serious harm, or for the protection of others from serious harm” [Mental Health Act 2007 (NSW)]. Noting that the statute specifies the ‘control’ of this group which adds to the notion that people with mental health problems are inherently more dangerous members of our society. Furthermore mental health problems within the prison system (inmate population) are estimated to be three to four times higher than in the general Australian popula...
The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world and of that over sixty percent of jail inmates reported having a mental health issue and 316,000 of them are severely mentally ill (Raphael & Stoll, 2013). Correctional facilities in the United States have become the primary mental health institutions today (Adams & Ferrandino, 2008). This imprisonment of the mentally ill in the United States has increased the incarceration rate and has left those individuals medically untreated and emotionally unstable while in jail and after being released. Better housing facilities, medical treatment and psychiatric counseling can be helpful in alleviating their illness as well as upon their release. This paper will explore the increasing incarceration rate of the mentally ill in the jails and prisons of the United States, the lack of medical services available to the mentally ill, the roles of the police, the correctional officers and the community and the revolving door phenomenon (Soderstrom, 2007). It will also review some of the existing and present policies that have been ineffective and present new policies that can be effective with the proper resources and training. The main objective of this paper is to illustrate that the criminalization of the mentally ill has become a public health problem and that our policy should focus more on rehabilitation rather than punishment.
Although court- supervised treatment is new, “In a frequently cited evaluation of four mental health courts in California, Minneapolis and Indianapo-lis, 49 percent of participants were re-arrested after 18 months, compared with 58 percent of mentally ill defendants in the conventional court system. [...] seeing almost half of a program’s participants re-arrested may not sound like resounding success”(Glazer 247). It has made some headway; there are still a few kinks to work out. Just as co-author Allison Redlich, an associate professor of criminal justice at the State University of New York, Al-bany declares, “This population has earned the name ‘frequent fliers,’[for the fre-quency of their arrests, [so any kind of reduction can be a success. [...] Trying to figure out how and for whom they work is where we should be focusing our efforts” (qtd. in Glazer 247). We have about fifty-five years of a mounted mental illness problems, current solutions for the mentally ill in prisons are but an easy escape from delving into our rotten penal
According to the U.S. Department of Justice, African Americans are more likely to be incarcerated compared to any other major ethnic groups (2010). One of the crucial problems or challenges experienced within prison is the need to provide appropriate mental health treatment services for the applicable diagnosis (U.S. Department of Justice 2011). However, these diagnoses are often skewed or directly influenced by race or an inmate’s racial background forming stigmas toward seeking out treatment among the other inmates. Stigma and race correlated with mental health diagnosis in a penitentiary or correctional facility continues to be a prevalent or widespread obstacle that leads to negative attitudes about mental treatment and ultimately deterring individuals who need services from seeking medical or psychiatric care.
Wouldn’t it be completely irrational to sentence every mentally ill individual to jail purely because they suffered from a mental illness? Often, mentally ill people behave in an eccentric manner and allure the attention of police officers who do not differentiate the mentally ill from mentally stable people and immediately charge them with misdemeanors. There are approximately 300,000 inmates, with the number increasing every year, which suffer from a mental illness and do not receive proper treatment. Jails are not adequately equipped to care for mentally ill inmates, which can lead to an escalation of an inmate’s illness. Society has failed to provide enough social resources for citizens suffering from psychiatric illnesses in its community, transferring mentally unstable individuals between mental institutions and jails, when in fact adequate aid such as providing proper medication, rehabilitation opportunities, and more psychiatric hospitals in communities is a necessity to reconstitute these individuals.
They have a special service provided in prison. Ruiz v. Estelle (1980) established components needed to deliver adequate mental health treatment in prison. On jail, they don't have the right to force them to take medications or services. In 2009, Two Inmates committed suicide and three others attempted suicide. One inmate had a psychotic breakdown assaulted a corrections officer. Some jails back then didn't had special cells designed for the mentally ill but when they are brought out of a cell some are separated from other inmates, while others are not. Mentally ill inmates need a special housing, jails have a fewer options for handling inmates from the other inmates population who have disciplinary problems. Mentally ill inmates often stay in the jail longer than they should because of the overcrowding at state hospitals or they don't have who to take care of them. I think we can safely say there is no doubt that jails and prisons have become America's Major mental health facilities. For Example, 60 percent of males and 80 percent of female inmates in state prisons, and 65 percent of female and 60 percent of the male in jail will experience a mental health problem requiring mental health services in jail. U.S courts have clearly said that prisoners have that right to receive medical and mental
Some of the issues with incarcerating mentally ill patients for long periods of time include: jail/prison overcrowding that results from mentally ill inmates remaining behind bars longer than other prisoners, behavioral problems that are disturbing to other prisoners and correctional staff, physical attacks on correctional staff and other prisoners, deterioration in the psychiatric condition of inmates with mental illness as they go without the treatment, solitary confinement, which worsens symptoms of mental illness. (Cite Source 1 here) NOT Plagirised
Lamb, H. Richard., Weinberger, Linda E., & Gross, Bruce H. (2004). Mentally ill persons in the criminal justice system: Some Perspectives. Psychiatric Quarterly 75(2): 107-126.
Every year, nonviolent people are incarcerated for crimes that do not threaten the safety of others only because they have a mental illness. Because of this, 25-30% of inmates are mentally ill (McClealland 16). To prevent this, most jurisdictions have at least one criterion that is reflected on whether or not a person is posing a danger to themselves or others. Some other criteria which can also be connected to a danger such as a disability or inability to provide for one's basic human needs or that some treatment would be crucial for ones wells being. But being committed requires proof that hospitalizing the patient will be the least restrictive in addition to showing a sign of being dangerous ("Commitment." 26). Court stated that involuntary commitment procedures restrict a harmless person to live safely outside an institution despite the fact that they are mentally ill ("Commitment." 27). Polly Jackson Spencer, Bexar County Judge states, “We don't want to send people to jail if they are not a threat to society” (Dayak, Meena, and Gonzales 24). Forcing harmless individuals into jail will not help their illness. In fact, it will only worsen it. Jails are incapable of handling unstable individuals. Because of their incompetence to help inmates, there is a high number of mentally ill being beaten, mistreated, and killed by guards, or ultimately killing themselves (McClealland 16). Many jails don't even test their incoming inmates for any mental illn...
Additionally, correctional psychologists are on-call to handle emergency situations involving mentally ill inmates, such as hostage negotiations and crisis intervention. The treatment of mentally ill individuals in jails and prisons is a prominent concern that is becoming more so as more ill individuals are sentenced to jail and prison stays. Currently, the United States correctional facilities are the largest provider of mental health services. (Reingle Gonzalez, et al.
In tackling a broad issue like this it is important to examine the entire system inspired by a systems perspective of, in an attempt to fix the larger system as a sum of its parts, and as not to overlook a potentially important detail. Additionally, the jail and mental health systems are both funded by a govrnment which finds itself in economic crisis, we therefore do not have the luxury to fall back on government funding as a means to implement innovative and costly projects. We are forced to make the most of the present resources and at times to even figure out a more cost efficent method as government spendings continue to decrease. Here are some of the ways in which we can better utilize the system in place and change the parts that require such.
Several states authorize police officers to arrest mentally ill people who have not broken any law. It is argued that this process is a way to promote public order. Hospitals also transfer mentally ill patients to jail in order to deal with the overflow. It is not uncommon for children to be confined to criminal detention centers because there is a lack of facilities for severely mentally ill children. Relying on the criminal justice systems to be surrogate mental health systems conflicts with the basic notions of justice. (Aufderheide,
Correctional Treatment service and mental health treatment might be regarded as a fundamental need for both diagnosed mental disorder offenders/prisoner and undiagnosed offenders/prisoner who might have a potential mental disability. Their abnormal behaviour and criminal act should be seen as a consequence of mental disorder symptoms and misbehavior that supposed to be monitored by psychiatric or psychological, but not any form of