Melanoma
Melanoma is the most dangerous of skin cancer. Melanoma is complicated from how it happens, the signs and symptoms, causes, risk factors and treatment. There are so many types of cancers, but Melanoma is a cancer that you do not hear of as often.
Melanoma starts in the melanocytes. Melanocytes are the cells that make the pigment melanin according to (www.skincancer.org). Cancerous growths can develop from UV lights and the sun. A source of UV lights would be tanning bed. These sources caused cells to trigger mutation. The trigger mutations cause genetic defects. Genetic defects leads to skin cell multiply and form malignant tumors.
The tumors can be multiply colors such as black, brown, pink, red, purple, blue and white according to (www.skincancer.org). “These tumors orginate in the pigment producing melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis”. Stated by (www.skincancer.org). If the tumors can be recognized early they are more likely to be treatable. Some people are not as lucky and it spreads throughout the body, and this makes it harder to treat the cancer. According to (www.skincancer.org) “120,000 new cases of melanoma in the United States are diagnosed in a year. In the year 2010 about 68,130 invasive melanomas, with about 38,870 in males and 29,260 in women.”
Melanoma develops in areas that are more exposed to the sun. Melanoma can also occur in areas such as feet, palms of your hands and fingernail beds. This is less likely, but most often occurs in people with darker skin. (www.mayoclinic.org). One of the first signs of melanoma is a change in an existing mole or sometime of unusual growth on your skin. (www.skincancer.org) explains the ABCDE signs of a mole. A is for Asymmetry. The way to determine thi...
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...is, for the physician will perform surgery to remove the cancer. Stage 1 will also need surgery, may also need sentinel lymph biopsy and interferon.
Stage 2 will need surgery, sentinel lymph node biopsy and interferon after surgery. Patient may also be considered for a clinical trial. Stage 3 patient will receive surgery, interferon, possibly radiation and or chemotherapy. Immunotherapy may also be performed.
Stage 4 consists of surgery, radiation, immunotherapy, chemotherapy. Patient may also be considered for a clinical trial. Patient may decide to stop treatment.
Melanoma is a serious cancer that needs to be monitored. Melanoma is complicated from how it happens, the signs and symptoms, causes, risk factors and treatment. Knowing the signs and symptoms can help detect the melanoma early to help prevent the cancer spreading and treatment to be started.
Melanoma is a non-communicable disease and according to the Melanoma Institute of Australia, is a malignant skin cancer that affects thousands of individuals. It is a prevalent and serious non-communicable disease, making it an important issue in Australia. Both a biomedical perspective and sociological perspective must be considered to enable health practitioners to have a deep understanding about melanoma, and thus allow them to develop efficient and effective treatment and prevention methods.
What is skin cancer ? first, Skin is the largest organ of the body . it gives our body protection from harms, injuries and infections. It also organize the body temperature and dispose of waste substances through the glands . out layer of the skin is called the epidermis and the layer underneath is known as the dermis . Skin cancer is type of disease where malignant cancer cells are to be found the outer layer of a person's skin and is the uncontrolled development of the irregular skin cells .It occurs when unrepaired DNA damage to skin cells caused by ultraviolet radiation from sunlight or genetic defects, that lead the skin cells to duplicate rapidly and form malignant tumors. there are three main types of skin cancer which are basal
Happy endings don’t come with ill-gotten wealth but yet, the taunting spirit of greed leads characters like Marion and Tom Walker into their fateful death. In the short story, "The Devil and Tom Walker", written by Washington Irving, is about Tom Walker who starts out with a miserly life with a grouchy wife to only make a pact with the devil and live as a corrupt money lender. In the movie, Psycho, directed by Alfred Hitchcock is about Marion Crane who steals forty-thousand dollars from a rich client, runs away and stops at the Bates Motel. She is killed by "Norma" Bates, a second personality of Norman Bates and her murder is left to be resolved to her sister, Lila and her boyfriend, Sam. These two plots share a main character that comes from meager backgrounds and have an opportunity to gain wealth but from unethical means. Both
A regular skin exam (every 6-8 weeks) will help in the melanoma dectection process. Look for irregular skin growths and have the growth examined by a health care provider if the growth promotes cause for alarm.
Treatment is pending on the severity of the cancer. Options for treatment are: surgery, thyroid hormone treatment, radioactive iodine therapy, external radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Depending on the size of the nodule, age and if the cancer has spread, patients are more likely to have more than one treatment. Each treatment plan is developed to meet that patient’s needs. (Thyroid Cancer, 2012)
The first sign of melanoma is often a change in the size, shape, or color of an existing mole or the appearance of a new mole. Men most commonly develop melanoma on the trunk, particularly the back, and women on the legs or arms. Melanoma develops in a manner similar to other cancer types. A cell's DNA genes, which control cell division and reproduction, become damaged. The damaged genes cause the cell to divide and grow without control or order, eventually becoming a malignant tumor.
Skin cancer has been overlooked for the past few decades because the medical community has been focusing more on internal cancers. But with in exponential rise in recorded cases of skin cancer, it is grabbing attention now. Skin cancer is a serious problem and society is brushing it off so people might sport a nice tan. Even though skin cancer is not the type cancer that people see everyday or have family members develop it as often as say, breast cancer or prostate cancer, that does not make it any less of an important item to keep a look out for.
The patient will also have to undergo surgery to remove the cancer, and the individual will undergo cancer treatment. Melanoma can spread to other parts of the body that are sometimes internal and not visible to the eye. Sometimes a person needs to let their worries fade away for a little bit, and these tanning methods can do that for some people. Tanning helps cope with stress and depression as stated in the text “tanning has been known to improve seasonal affective disorder” which is a type of depression that a person goes through around the same time every year (Banerjee).
Skin cancer is a disease in which malignant cancer cells are found in the outer layer of the human skin. This particular cancer is one of the most common cancers among the U.S. population, affecting and spreading over more than one million people a year. “Skin cancer is categorized into two separate groups being; malignant melanomas and non-melanoma cancers.” (Adam, 2013)
Stage IIB can also be detected in three ways. If there is a tumor between two and five centimeters present with small groups of breast cancer cells sizes varying between .2 millimeters and 2 millimeters found in the lymph nodes. The second way that IIB can be found is if there is a tumor of those same dimensions found, but this time present with cancer cells that have spread to two to three axillary lymph nodes or to lymph nodes near the breastbone. The last way can be described as a tumor larger than five centimeters but has not spread to the axillary lymph nodes.
Each stage is characterized by an A, B, or C letter, depending on the degree to which the symptoms present themselves. The differences in each stage are as follows: stage 1 is when the cancer is either found in one ovary or both, stage 2 the tumor is found in one or both ovaries and extends to other pelvic structures, stage 3 the cancer has spread beyond the pelvis to the lining of the abdomen or to the lymph nodes and finally in stage 4 the cancer has spread to other organs in the body including the liver or lungs (Ovarian Cancer National Alliance). Cancer is “staged” by taking a sample of the infected tissue surgically and sending it to a lab for examination. Staging is crucial in order for medical professionals to determine which course of treatment would be the most effective for the given patient. If misdiagnosed, an entire area affected by this disease could potentially be missed and left untreated.
Skin cancer is a disease where cancer (malignant) cells are found on the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). The three types of cells found in the epidermis are squamous cells, basal cells, and melanocytes. These cells in time grow to be cancerous. Thus, the three types of skin cancers are squamous cell, basal cell, and melanoma. Melanoma is the most deadliest and destructive type of cancer. (“Skin Cancer” infotrac.com) The number of people with melanoma has risen in Scotland from 3.5 in 1979 to 10.6 per 100,000 in 1998 for men and 7.0 to 13.1 for women. (Miller 945) Squamous cell and Basal cell skin cancer can kill up to 2,200 people a year in the United States. (Sommerfield SIRS.com) Basal cell, being the most common type of skin cancer, is the cancer that about 75 percent of the people have. (“Skin Cancer “ infotrac.com) Melanoma is mostly seen in older men but ever since tanning came in during the 1970’s, it has increased in women 60 percent around the ages 15-29 over the past three decades.(Sommerfield SIRS.com) “And basal cell and squamous cell cancers are increasing at a rate of about 5 percent per year”(Sommerfield SIRS.com).
They are raised from the start and even in colour (often red or pink and possibly brown or black). This type of melanoma grows quickly and can be life threatening if not found and removed quickly.
Sun precautions should be practiced to avoid Melanoma. Sunscreen is highly recommended when
The Phase I trial will be discussed here as it pertains to the topic at hand. The typical treatment for cervical cancer if surgery is not a viable option – like if the cancer has spread, then called locally advanced cervical cancer – is chemotherapy and radiation treatment at the same time. This phase I clinical trial is simply looking to add ipilimumab to this regimen, but once the chemo/radiation has been completed (LACC article). Chemo and radiation destroy tumor cells, which causes tumor-associated antigens to be released. Once released, these antigens are exogenous (outside the cell) and will be presented to helper T cells to initiate an immune response.