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Contribution of medical anthropology
Contribution of medical anthropology
Contribution of medical anthropology
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INTRODUCTION Medical Anthropology is the studies of "human health and disease, health care systems, and bicultural adaptation"( McElroy A 1996). Medical anthropology can help doctors to improve patient and doctor relationship. It helps them to see a patient and their disease not just with a body parts and organs, but also as a social and psychological. According to the Emson, “Illness is a term is occasionally used to refer specifically to the patient's personal experience of his or her disease” (Emson HE 1987). Everyone sees the illness differently because of their personal beliefs and the knowledge they have about the illness. For my paper, I have interviewed my friend's mother who has an umbilical hernia. She shared her view on her illness …show more content…
I interviewed my friend's mother who have umbilical hernia and will go through the surgery in order to remove them. She is my friend's mother and I do know her, but not much about her illness. She is 55 year old, Indian female. She works the night shift in medical company and takes care of all housework. The interview took place in her house. I wanted to do outside, but she was comfortable in her house. No other family member was present there. It was done in the private room and she refuses to record her voice. Next, I compared and analyzed different literature review articles from the four databases; the Academic Search Premier, PubMed, and CINAHL database and some organizations articles that relate to our research topic. I analyzed all these articles, and narrowed our broad …show more content…
What is the main problem your sickness caused for you? She replied, “The main problem I have is this bulge under my umbilical. I felt burning or pain when cough, bend or sit”. 6. What do you fear most about your sickness? She was quiet, didn’t say anything. I asked her again and she said “going through surgery” “medications”. ANALYSIS According to Mol, “We know that the body is an object of medical knowledge”. Referring back to our class reading assignment and relating to my interviewer illness, doctors cannot change her habits for her illness till they don’t understand her way of understanding her own illness. What she thinks about her umbilical hernia repair surgery. The beginning and the recovery process of the surgery. The explanatory model, “The notions about an episode of sickness and its treatment that are employed by all those engaged in the clinical process” (Kleinman 1980). It reveals how people see and felt their illness. How patient understand chronic and acute illness and understanding about them if they stays same or change. For example, my interviewer sees her illness may come back and because of that she was hesitating to get surgery done.
In the book The Spirit Catches you and you Fall Down, ethnocentrism can also be seen. Throughout the book the family and the doctors have different ideas of medicine/healing techniques are often disagreed on. It’s important for the doctor to see that biomedicine has its own intentions of saving patient through standard procedures and beliefs. Understanding those terms will shed some light on the culture of the patient, which has their own intentions, beliefs, and rules as well. Breaking down ethnocentrism to find an agreement is a good goal to accomplish in order have successful prognosis and healing. In addition, shedding the ethnocentrism will allow the doctors to see the different cultural beliefs and not judge right away. Although, some cultural remedies may not always work, it’s wrong for people to have the mindset of ethnocentrism without even considering their beliefs first.
This book addresses one of the common characteristics, and challenges, of health care today: the need to achieve a working knowledge of as many cultures as possible in health care. The Hmong population of Merced, California addresses the collision between Western medicine and holistic healing traditions of the Hmong immigrants, which plays out a common dilemma in western medical centers: the need to integrate modern western medicinal remedies with aspects of cultural that are good for the well-being of the patient, and the belief of the patient’s ability to recuperate. What we see is a clash, or lack of integration in the example of the story thereof. Lia, a Hmong child with a rare form of epilepsy, must enter the western hospital instead of the Laotian forest. In the forest she would seek out herbs to remedy the problems that beset her, but in the west she is forced to enter the western medical hospital without access to those remedies, which provided not only physical but spiritual comfort to those members of the Hmong culture. The herbs that are supposed to fix her spirit in the forest are not available in the western hospital. The Merced County hospital system clashes with Hmong animist traditions.
The Hmong culture is evidence that health worlds exist. Health worlds exist in which health is understood in terms of its social and religious context (SITE BOOK). Spiritual beliefs in the Hmong culture are strongly connected to their view and description of health and illness (SITE 6). Illness in the Hmong culture is believed to be caused by evil spirits, a curse from an unhappy ancestor, or a separation of the soul from the body (California Department of Health Services, 2004). Paja Thao, the shaman in “The Split Horn” emphasizes his belief that a soul can separate from its body and the failure to return back to the body is a sign that the individual will become ill. Like the Chinese concept of ‘Ying and Yang’, Hmong people believe that the balance between the body and soul determines perfect health. Paja Thao believes that a body is attached to seven souls, and when there is a loss in a soul, illness occurs. In contrast to this holistic concept that the Hmong’s believe in, the Western culture is not able to predict when illnesses will occur. Instead, the dominant biomedical model of health focuses on preventing depression through a healthy life style, such as exercise and nutrition
The High Risk Obstetrical Unit is located on the fifth floor of the S hospital. This is a state of the art facility that provides care for women who have pregnancy complications and require impatient care. Upon entering Miss Z’s dimly lit semi-private suit I feel the mixture of different odours such as blood, urine, and food. It is a small medical unit consisted of multifunctional bed, cherry-coloured dresser, white leather chair, and bed side table. The central place in this suit is devoted to a big medical monitor that is attached to the wall.
In this regard, the paper will be bridging the mind-body divide and explain the relation of the body, by ascertaining that the body of the patient that is suffering from chronic illness is communicating both to the person and the world that
Through showing the different definitions of health, the authors explain how those different understandings affect patterns of behavior on health depend on different cultures. In addition, an analysis of the models of health demonstrates even western medical approaches to health have different cognitions, same as the Indigenous health beliefs. The most remarkable aspect is a balance, a corresponding core element in most cultures which is an important consideration in Indigenous health as well. From an Indigenous perspective, health is considered as being linked, and keeping the connection is a priority to preserve their health. Consequently, health is a very much culturally determined. Health practitioners should anticipate and respect the cultural differences when they encounter a patient from various cultures. In particular, this article is good to understand why the Indigenous health beliefs are not that different than western medicine views using appropriate examples and comparative composition, even though the implementation the authors indicated is a bit abstract, not
Going to a different country or area of the world can open up anybody’s eyes to see that culture makes a huge impact on the understanding and practices of healthcare that seem to be so common to other areas of the world. When a person lives in one country their whole life, that person may not realize how different the life they live is from someone in a foreign country. If a person is going to receive treatment from someone with a different cultural background, they should be expected to get treatment to respects their own culture. Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences having such a diverse variety of students has their own cultural competency definition that states “effectively and comfortably communicate across cultures with patients of differing backgrounds, taking into account aspects of trust in order to adopt mutually acceptable objectives and measures”. In the book Dancing Skeletons: Life and Death in West Africa by Katherine Dettwyler, the issue of culture and healthcare are greatly prevalent. Katherine Dettwyler herself goes to West Africa as an anthropologist and her horizons are broadened when during her research she comes in contact with how much culture has an impact on healthcare and everyday life.
Kleinman, Arthur M. “What Kind of Model for the Anthropology of Medical Systems?” American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 80, No. 3 (Sep, 1978), pp. 661-665.
The human body is the most complex organism in the world. A vast majority of society never gives it real thought, but our body is a well oiled machine composed of several systems with separate functions yet they all work together. No man can recreate an exact working replica of a human; even with all of our technology we still do not fully understand it. Each day anatomists and physiologists are getting closer, by making medical breakthroughs. Therefore, since the study of the human body constantly is evolving, so is the study of medicine. These changes pertain to every position held in the medical field, including nurses. As doctors’ duty is to become well informed of the constant changes, it is just as important for nursing staff to evolve as well. Most people do not realize the very valuable role a nurse plays in the process of treating a patient. Actually, some would say that nurses are more valuable than the doctors’. It is the nurse that gives the direct patient care by working with patients to monitor, evaluate, and implement their best judgment regarding the patients care. This is a very large responsibility for any person, let alone someone who has not attended medical school. Granted, nurses generally operate within certain perimeters set by the doctors’ orders, but there are times where nurses have to implement their own skills. A good nurse must be a good communicator, must be well educated and willing to evolve with the industry, and most importantly must be able to implement last minute critical thinking skills.
He believed that the patient was, above all, the most important aspect involved in the healing process. With the rise in the number of patients under a physician’s care and the stringent rules by which each doctor must abide, many doctor’s are finding that they are unable to devote ample time to become acquainted with their patients (spiralnotebook, pg 1). Furthermore, as newly acquired information regarding illnesses becomes available on the internet, patients are seeking the advice of multiple physicians (Changing, pg 3). These differences between patients and their physicians, as well as numerous others, have caused rifts in the patient-doctor relationship. Half a century ago, a doctor’s patients relied solely on their doctor for information and advice regarding how to treat a specific disease.
The uncertain nature of chronic illness takes many forms, but all are long-term and cannot be cured. The nature of chronic illness raises hesitation. It can disturb anyone, irrespective of demographics or traditions. It fluctuates lives and generates various inquiries for the patient. Chronic illness few clear features involve: long-lasting; can be managed but not cured; impacts quality of life; and contribute to stress. Chronic illnesses can be enigmatic. They often take considerable time to identify, they are imperceptible and often carry a stigma because there is little sympathetic or social support. Many patients receive inconsistent diagnoses at first and treatments deviate on an individual level. Nevertheless, some circumstances require
To further introduce Medical Anthropology, I will reiterate highlights of my previous presentations. Early on in Turkey, I asked each person in our program the following question: "I would like you to tell me about health and what it means to you?" The answers to this question varied widely, making it difficult to define a global conception of health. In analyzing the answers, I established the following five components of health:
This first paradigm of thinking when it comes to medicine is the modern-day allopathic approach. This model of care has behind it an idea that there is a separation between the body and mind. The mind is seen as secondary to the body. Illnesses that are seen as psychosomatic are to be fixed in the mind and perhaps the patient would even be referred to a psychiatrist. The training of a medical doctor in this approach rests primarily on looking to quantitative information like research and charts. It does not matter who the observer is the same results should be achieved. This approach views the other as being outdated and sometimes even uncivilized.
Biomedicine applies ‘hidden curriculum’ to transform what the patients narrate into the ways that the physicians can categorize into a medical disease. Thus, as long as feature of hidden curriculum is present in biomedicine, it will continue to reconstruct itself as “culture of no culture” (Taylor 2003). As Kleinman argues that western biomedicine undergoes the process of medicalization, it neglects the cultural aspects of the patient’s illness experience. As defined by Kleinman, medicalization is the process of interpreting the forms of human misery as health problem. The example of ‘depressive disorder’ as Kleinman gives help us to understand this paradox as the process in which the suffering of the patient is reinterpreted as a depressive disease and is tried to fixed using antidepressant medications, neglecting the existing illness experience of the patient and their family.
what they do, how they use things, or what they need in their everyday lives (Cruz & Higginbottom, 2013). Within the healthcare setting, ethnography is valuable for a number of purposes including the research of cultural perceptions of the people affected by illness, and even cultures of health professionals. It is especially advantageous when considering illnesses that are multi-cultural.