Title: Measuring the vital capacity and total lung capacity on human lungs
Objectives:
To investigate the effect of gender on vital capacity and total lung capacity on human lungs.
To develop problem solving and experimental skills, for example, information is accurately processed and presented, experimental procedures are planned, designed and evaluated properly, producing valid results, recording results, and a valid conclusion is drawn.
To develop techniques of using a portable spirometer.
Problem statement:
Can vital capacity and total lung capacity be measured by Spiropet?
How gender can affect the vital capacity and total lung capacity of human lungs?
Abstract:
The main objective of this experiment is to measure the vital capacity (VC) and total lung capacity (TLC) of people of different gender. The main methods used in this investigation can be divided into two parts, namely investigation on VC and investigation on TLC. The main method used for investigation of VC is by exhaling the maximum volume of air inhaled into the spirometer. The reading from the spirometer is then recorded. The main method for TLC is by inhaling the maximum volume of air, followed by normal exhalation. The remaining volume of air inside the lungs is forced into the spirometer. The reading of the spirometer is then multiplied by 6 to obtain TLC. The main results from this experiment is that the both the VC and TLC are higher in male students than females. Therefore, from this experiment, we can conclude that the VC and TLC of men are generally greater than women.
Introduction:
Breathing mechanism of human lungs
The breathing of human lungs is controlled by the respiratory centre in medulla oblongata in the...
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Duke University of Biomedical Engineering. 2006. Laboratory Experiment 10: Spirometry. Available from: http://www.duke.edu/~ajs9/framesite/BME154.pdf Accessed on 17th October 2009
FaCT Canada Consulting Ltd. 2009. Spiropet Spirometer. Availble from: http://www.fact-canada.com/SpiroTiger/Spiropet-Spirometer.html Accessed on 17th October 2009
Fullick, A. 2009. Edexcel A2 Biology. 264p. United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited
MedlinePlus. 2009. Pulmonary function tests. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003853.htm Accessed on 17th October 2009
Wikipedia. 2009. Lung volumes. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_volumes Accessed on 17th October 2009
Wikipedia. 2009. Spirometer. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirometer Accessed on 17th October 2009
The respirometer uses the principle of water displacement. As the amount of gas in the respirometer changes, this will be reflected by an equivalent displacement of water in the pipette. Remember that at the same temperature and pressure,...
When you breathe in, air containing carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) it moves down your trachea; a tunnel containing cartilage and smooth tissue. Air then travels through two hollow tubes called bronchi; narrow branches lined with smooth muscle, mucosal and ringed cartilage to support the structure. The bronchi divide out into smaller tunnels called bronchioles; are small branches 0.5-1mm, lined with muscular walls to help dilate and constrict the airway. At the end of the bronchioles are little air sacs called alveoli; which assist in gas exchange of O2 and CO2. (Eldridge, 2016) Towards the end of alveoli are small blood vessel capillaries. O2 is moved through the blood stream through theses small blood vessels (capillaries) at the end of the alveoli and the CO2 is then exhaled. (RolandMedically,
I only chose respiratory as an answer. However, the correct answers are respiratory and cardiovascular because of the pulmonary circulatory system. Gas exchange occurs at pulmonary capillary beds.
Healthy lung tissue is predominately soft, elastic connective tissue, designed to slide easily over the thorax with each breath. The lungs are covered with visceral pleura which glide fluidly over the parietal pleura of the thoracic cavity thanks to the serous secretion of pleural fluid (Marieb, 2006, p. 430). During inhalation, the lungs expand with air, similar to filling a balloon. The pliable latex of the balloon allows it to expand, just as the pliability of lungs and their components allows for expansion. During exhalation, the volume of air decrease causing a deflation, similar to letting air out of the balloon. However, unlike a balloon, the paired lungs are not filled with empty spaces; the bronchi enter the lungs and subdivide progressively smaller into bronchioles, a network of conducting passageways leading to the alveoli (Marieb, 2006, p. 433). Alveoli are small air sacs in the respiratory zone. The respiratory zone also consists of bronchioles and alveolar ducts, and is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (Marieb, 2006, p. 433).
Aim: The aim of this assignment will be to research the basic structure and function of Human Lungs and the respiratory condition known as asthma, and how its effects on the human lungs, looking at the causes and treatments used to prevent and treat the illness.
Person, A. & Mintz, M., (2006), Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory Tract, Disorders of the Respiratory Tract, pp. 11-17, New Jersey: Human Press Inc.
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Observing the charts below you will notice Dr. Burt continuously had a higher VO2/kg average. Men generally will have a higher VO2 max due to increased thoracic cavity size, thus allowing for more oxygen uptake. While being a male put Dr. Staniar at an advantage for a higher VO2 max, being above the age of 40 but him at a disadvantage. As we get older VO2 max will decrease because of a reduced maximum heart rate and stroke volume. While maintaining exercise and staying fit will not affect maximum heart rate it will alter stroke volume positively in some degree. The average VO2 max for men per year is 0.46 ml/kg/min and for women is 0.54 ml/kg/min. A true plateau is never seen in the graphs. This could be due to experimental error or neither participant truly never reaching maximal oxygen uptake due to experiencing discomfort
Ascertaining the adequacy of gaseous exchange is the major purpose of the respiratory assessment. The components of respiratory assessment comprises of rate, rhythm, quality of breathing, degree of effort, cough, skin colour, deformities and mental status (Moore, 2007). RR is a primary indicator among other components that assists health professionals to record the baseline findings of current ventilatory functions and to identify physiological respiratory deterioration. For instance, increased RR (tachypnoea) and tidal volume indicate the body’s attempt to correct hypoxaemia and hypercapnia (Cretikos, Bellomo, Hillman, Chen, Finfer, & Flabouris, 2008). The inclusive use of a respiratory assessment on a patient could lead to numerous potential benefits. Firstly, initial findings of respiratory assessment reveals baseline data of patient’s respiratory functions. Secondly, if the patient is on respiratory medication such as salbutamol and ipratropium bromide, the respiratory assessment enables nurses to measure the effectiveness of medications and patient’s compliance towards those medications (Cretikos, Bellomo, Hillman, Chen, Finfer, & Flabouris, 2008). Thirdly, it facilitates early identification of respiratory complications and it has the potential to reduce the risk of significant clinical
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resolve problems. With the scientific method you have four steps to follow which include defining the
...ing in a spontaneous breath by the patient, is a flow trigger set with the sensitivity at 3L/min.
The ANS is positioned just below the medulla oblongata in the lower brainstem. The medulla is responsible for many major functions, such as respiration, cardiac regulation, vasomotor activity, and reflex actions; which include coughing, sneezing, vomiting, and swallowing. The input is received by the hypothalamus, which is located right above the
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