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Spanish conquest of the new world
Spanish conquest of the Americas
Spanish conquest of the new world
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When we rewind time and go back further in history, we begin to review a historic pattern of brutish colonization, to which the oppressors took it up themselves as champions pursuing a manifest destiny. For the most part, it was all about gaining a foothold on a region's resources and programs of asceticism for the locals. Our first example can be found in Central America with a young man named Deigo de Landa. Shortly after 1519 when the Spanish conquistadors conquered the Aztec Empire and stripped its temples of gold and other riches, a motivated young Landa was sent in with a group of monks whose task was to convert 300,000 natives on the Yucatán Peninsula. Wanting to serve the catholic church the best he can, he learned the Mayan language with such proficiency, that he was able to deliver his holy dogmatic message in a way that the locals could understand. …show more content…
Landa and his monks began their occupation of conquest by first taking captive of the weaken Mayan Empire’s temples.
Seeing them in all their glory, he looked upon the buildings of T’ho and then converted them into catholic cathedrals and forced the locals to worship, while convincing them about their evil ways. Soon, those that were freshly converted were filled with the same religious zeal expressed by Landa and were ordered to destroy their own shrines, followed by their culture. While observing the full conversion, Landa documented, “We found large numbers of books with illustrations, but these contained only lies and devilry. We burned them all, which sorely aggravated the Maya causing them to sorrow greatly.” One can imagine all the useful historical documents that were set ablaze amongst the chaos, and as a consequence of this historic blunder, many researchers and archeologists are still picking up the pieces
today. Colonization and Africa go together synonymously, and although a lot of people are unaware of it, the South African Boer Wars in 1899-1902 played a crucial role on how it shaped the South African landscape. The war was engaged between the British Empire, Australia, Canada and 80,000 Boer farmers, with the British mobilizing more than 470,000 troops, making it the most expensive war in British history. According to South African researcher and author of African Temples of the Anunnaki, Michael Tellinger, the British Empire sent everything they had to control the Boer situation. He adds, “This was a quite spectacular achievement on its own: to get as many troops, horses, canons, weapons, and more to the southern tip of Africa to fight against a band of farmers on horseback. Why? Because of the gold.” Gold, again, like in Central America with the Spanish conquistadors, seems to be the most sought out resource. But unlike the temples decorated in gold from the ground up in the Aztec Empire, the vast deposit of this precious metal was beneath the ground, under a dozen villages. Tellinger continues, “To achieve this victory over the Boer army, the British had to go to drastic measures. They adopted the “scorched earth” policy: burning farms, killing or confiscating livestock, and putting women and children into concentration camps across South Africa.” It’s been recorded that the death toll from these concentration camps exceeded 34,000. This insanity of collective efforts was all for the gold. And here we are today.
America’s Manifest Destiny first surfaced around the 1840’s, when John O’Sullivan first titled the ideals that America had recently gained on claiming the West as their ‘Manifest Destiny.’ Americans wanted to settle in the West for multiple reasons, from the idea that God wanted them to settle all the way to the West co...
The discovery and conquest of American Indians inspired efforts to develop an ideology that could justify why they needed to enslave the Indians. The Spanish monarch wanted an ideal empire. "A universal empire, of which all their subjects were but servants. Charles V remained for them the dominus mundi, the legitimate and God-ordained lord of the world." (Weckmann, The Transit of Civilization, 23) Gold and religious conversion was the two most important inspirations for conquistadors in conquering America. Father Bartolome De Las Casas was a Dominican priest who came to the New World to convert the Indians to become Christians. He spent forty years on Hispanolia and nearby islands, and saw how the Spaniards brutally treated the Indians and sympathized with them. The Devastation of the Indies was an actual eyewitness account of the genocide by Las Casas, and his group of Dominican friars in which he demonizes the Spanish colonists and praises the Indians. Father Las Casas returned to Seville, where he published his book that caused an on going debate on whether the suppression of the Indians corrupted the Spaniards' values. What Las Casas was trying to achieve was the notion of human rights, that human beings are free and cogent by nature without the interference of others.
The term “Manifest Destiny” was never actually used until 1845, but the idea was always implied from the Doctrine of Discovery. Without understanding the Doctrine, it is impossible to understand the reasons and fundamentals behind why Manifest Destiny began.This Doctrine was a set of ten steps and rules that European nations followed in order to avoid conflict over land holdings, created in the early 1400s. The first few steps give the discovering country full rights to buy the land from the native peoples. This is important, since it gave the discovering country the power of preemption. Conquered Indian peoples lose sovereign powers and the rights to free trade and diplomatic relations, and the land they occupy is said to be vacant. Religion played a massive role in the regulations of the Doctrine, since “non-Christian people were not deemed to have the same rights to land, sovereignty, and self determination as Christians”(Miller 4). These rules were all meant to favor the ethnocentric, with full understanding of the repercussions on those who lived in the places being conquered.
Spain's bishop of the Yucatán, the Franciscan friar Diego de Landa, is known for his brutality with the Mayans. In 1562, he testified that he destroyed 5,000 Mayan "idols" and burned 27 hieroglyphic books which had mayan history in them. He believed Mayan culture, beliefs, and writings were nothing more than a waste of space. Landa's narrow-mindedness came with consequences. After destroying Mayan books, Landa wrote his account of the Mayans of the Yucatán “Relación de las cosas de Yucatán” using information provided by the Mayan sources he had destroyed. Landa's account also became the most important source for much of what we know today about the Mayans. In this writing Landa provides details on how the Mayans used their ancient calendar
Mexican civilization is very much affected due its contact. with France, New Orleans of the USA.”Design, style and gastronomy are expressions that show the vibe of Yucatan, sentiment relevance more than its personal kingdom.”(4).
When a sports team is created, during its season, it will encounter significant events such as its first score in a game, an incredible pass or trick, and the trophy at the end for beating a team. These can be categorized by the most remarkable to least remarkable. In this situation, that sport team will be the Maya, only a thousand years ago. The Maya had thrived during the classic period of 250 to 900 CE, in Mesoamerica which is now present-day Central America. They had expanded their land and used a system called slash-and-burn agriculture, raising crops such as corn, beans, and squash. The Maya had also used their own complex calendar, which was used to predict moon eclipses and also to mark when their religious ceremonies were going to take place. Their rituals consisted of human sacrifice to please the gods. The Mayan's city-states were as statuesque as can be, and were also used only by human labour with no beasts of burden. They had also set up about 150 trading ports along the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula to trade foreign goods to expand the variety of their inventory. The...
Americans throughout history have always felt that they were superior. The concept of “Manifest Destiny” has been the fuel to the fire of superiority. Manifest Destiny is the belief that it is American’s are the chosen ones and have the obvious right to conquer and own land between the eastern and western seaboards and that such expansion was inevitable. Manifest Destiny along with Christianity were two reasons that drove and encouraged both expansion within North Amer...
The Mayan Genocide was a result of a civil war concerning communism and democracy between corrupt leaders and the people of Guatemala. The Guatemalan army carried out the genocide under the self-proclaimed name “killing machines”. According to the article Genocide in Guatemala “the army destroyed 626 villages, killed or “disappeared” more than 200,000 people and displaced an additional 1.5 million, while more than 150,000 were driven to seek refuge in Mexico”. The army murdered and tortured without regard to age or gender, men, women, and children all alike. In an attempt to end the conflict Peace Accords were signed, in spite of the fact that there was little change. Directly following the Mayan genocides, Guatemala faced physical and emotional
After the disappearance of the Olmec in 100 BCE many Mesoamerican complex societies arose and continued to carry on many of the things of the Olmec culture. The ceremonial centers that were now being established brought about large populations of residents to the area. Trade networks linked the new areas and extended across Mesoamerica. They developed similar to those in the eastern hemisphere.
In the mid-19th century, the West drew increasing numbers of American settlers despite the hardships of the journey and the difficult living conditions that waited them at their journey’s end. Thus Americans were immediately sized on the phrase “ Manifest Destiny”- believing that United State’s destiny is manifest, inevitable, to expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory.
While the far-away North American tribes were having their land taken away, and being harassed by white American expansionists, they also faced another threat: Spanish occupation. During the early-1500’s, many Spanish explorers and conquistadors, such as Cabeza de Vaca, wished to find gold and riches and, in the process, they harassed, oppressed, tortured, and spread deadly diseases to the Native tribes. They often used the excuse of racial class-separation, known as “castas,” to justify their rotten, atrocious crimes. Throughout the 1600’s and 1700’s, the focus of the Spanish explorers experienced a shift from conquistadors wishing to acquire gold and wealth to Catholic missionaries wishing to religiously convert the Native tribes and, as a result, they built up many churches on the land. As one might guess, the
The Mayans were a great powerful group of people that followed what they believed in, build big beautiful temples. The Maya build a big temple inside the big jungle of southern Mexico. The temple is so big that you can see it from high in the sky. You can still see the temple today, but the temple lays in ruins because of the thick jungle that have grown over it. At that temple, they sacrificed people for the gods. If the Mayans had died out because of all the desices the Spanish brought we could have learned more about them.
A rich and diverse culture is what Guatemala is known for. It’s a mixture of the Spanish that conquered it and the indigenous people. Before it was conquered in the 16th century, it had a thriving people called the Mayans. The Mayan civilization is split into three different time periods called the Preclassic period, the Classic period, and the Postclassic period. The Preclassic period consisted mostly of small villages of farmers. The Classic period is when the Mayans were at the height of their civilization. Many sites in Guatemala show just how thriving these people were. It lasted until 900 AD when it all of the sudden collapsed. Many of the cities were abandoned and many were killed off by a drought. The Postclassic period brought on many new cities, but none had the greatness of those of the Classic period. This period lasted until the Spanish conquered them beginning in 1915.
Just as empires rise to their pinnacle of power they fall to a new leader. We often see similar techniques and ideas that propel each empire into power and with these similar rises they experience the same fall. Throughout history civilizations expanded through the explanation of religion. Using religion as an explanation, civilizations were able to grow their warfare tactics and as a result their empire.
Maya civilization was based mainly on agriculture and religion. Maya every day life revolved around an innumerable number of earth Gods. The most important God was chief, ruler of all Gods. The Mayans prayed to these God’s particularly about their crops. For example, they prayed to the Rain God to nourish their crops. They practiced their religion during ceremonies conducted by priests. They also practiced confession and even fasted before important ceremonies (Gann and Thompson 1931 118-138). The Mayans also b...