• Operational restrictions at light load may assist the coordination calculations e.g. most large HV motors would not be running, hence their starting performances need not be considered, when switchboard feeder circuit breakers are being examined.
• When all the overcurrent curves are plotted for the main generators, transformer feeders, large motors and downstream feeders, they tend to be located ‘close together’, and without much room for adjustment.
1. Radial System
• The specific protective relay as primary or backup is important in distribution system. When relay applied to protect its own system element it is thought of primary relay, when to backup other relays for fault at remote location, it is serving as backup relay.
• Providing both functions simultaneously; serving primary relay for its own zone protection and backup relay for remote zone of protection. The protective relay must be time-coordinated, so that the primary relay will always operate faster than the backup relay.
• So, the setting and coordination of the relay is the very important part to make sure which relay stands for primary and the other one for backup.
2. Ring Main System
• To setting relay, the same method is used for both ring and radial system. However, the circuit must be opened, start at the source point to form a two radial circuit before setting the relay. First, followed the clockwise.
• The relay setting start with R1 and the concept same like radial system. Second, followed the anticlockwise and the system will form a radial circuit.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS:
System
DIRECTION OF RELAY OPERATION:
Clockwise 1 2 3 4 5 6
Anticlockwise 8 13 12 11 10 ...
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GENERATOR DATA:
NODE Sa(MVA) Vp(kV) X(%)
7 150 10 15
8 150 10 15
CT RATIO:
RELAY NO. RATIO
1 240
2 240
3 160
4 240
5 240
6 240
7 240
8 240
9 160
10 240
11 240
12 240
13 240
Works Cited
BIOGRAPHIES:
1.Aniket Chaturvedi: Student of the SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,GTU.
2.Ritu Barad: Student of the SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,GTU.
3.Dhruvi Shukla: Student of the SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,GTU.
4.Mr.Nilay N. Shah: Assistant Professor of SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,GTU.SINCE 2004. HE IS CURRENTLLY PURSING PH.D AND HIS RESEACH AREA ARE POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS, FACTS , POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION AND ELECTRICAL MACHINE.
I then figured out when, what and where our lights were going to be on, off and what colour. Also sounding and V.O cues.
Equipment such as switchgear can be worked on safely by ensuring a range of actions have taken place. The equipment used on the high voltage lines are the same.
middle of paper ... ... /index?qid=20080705172751AA3KZh0>. "ON-OFF Switch FAQ . " Home.
opposite and all you know about the setting is that its in a phone box
“I never trusted instruction manuals,” Mr. Rams said. “We all know that most people don’t read them.” He insisted that the operating systems of Braun’s products should be as simple and logical as possible. Buttons, dials and switches were arranged in an orderly sequence. Color coding was used for guidance: red for “off,” green for “on”...
Electronic configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d9 6s1
On August 14th, 2003, a major blackout swept across portions of the northeastern United States and Canada. It was reported that a series of equipment outages in the Midwest led to uncontrolled cascading outages of power transmission lines and generators serving parts of the Northeast, Midwest and Canada. Automatic protective systems operated to open circuits and shut down power plants to prevent further spread of the outages. This is very similar to what happened in The Great Northeast Blackout of 1965. In both situations, the “grid system” shut down one generator in line at a time to protect a surge from the station before it.
My Circuit Training is made up of 5 stations . At each station you do
The voltage and current for the wire were then recorded, and. recorded again when the variable resistor's slider was moved to the. middle and again when the slider moves to the end. F The Power was turned off while another was added to avoid. overheating.
Since early 2003 the Electrical Inspectorate has been working to raise public awareness of Residual Current Devices (RCDs), with the aim of eventually enforcing the use of these devices as recommended by the standard adopted by the St. Lucia Bureau of Standards for wiring of buildings SLNS/BS 7671: 2001- Requirements for Electrical Installations ¡V IEE Wiring Regulations ¡V Sixteenth Edition. These Regulations though only recently adopted by the Bureau of Standards is the Regulations referred to by the St. Lucia Electricity regulations of 1973 as the standard of wiring of buildings. For a very long time the cost of these devices had proven prohibitive for the enforcement of the requirement. However, it is now believed that safety concerns as it relates to electrical hazards such as fire and electrocution far outweigh the cost of these devices
Risk can be mitigated based on Risk priority number (RPN). RPN is the combination of severity, occurrence and detection of an event.
...mpany up and running through any kind of interruptions such as power failures, IT system crashes, natural or man-made disasters, supply chain/vendor problems and more.
Transient stability was detected as a threat in power system since 1920. In the earlier stage the problems were concerned with the far away situated generating unit supplying the load centers with long overhead transmission lines. The importance of this phenomenon was increased due to lots of blackouts. The industries were the most concerning with these kind of problem because interruption in the supply leads them into losses. It was one of the most dangerous problems on the system. As continue progress of the power system begins Instability of various kind, implementation of new technologies, tough operating condition have been developed. Power system stability had become a important topic in which voltage stability, inter area oscillation and frequency stability have more of concern. A deep understanding of different kinds of faults and their prone to unstable condition and how they are related to each other are very important to design and implementation of the power system. For analyzing power system stability, graphical methods like power circle diagram and equal area criterion ...
Relay is electromagnetic switch. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The project uses 12V DC, 150Ω SPDT (Single Pole Double Throw) which has a common terminal connects to either of two others. Including two for the coil, such a relay has five terminals in total. A simple electromagnetic relay consists of a coil of wire wrapped around a soft iron core, an iron yoke which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature, and one or more sets of contacts. The armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked to one or more sets of moving contacts. It is held in place by a
...oids any worker from getting into any kind of harm. The electrical device can be plugged into the RCD and once the on switch is pressed if the RCD turns of automatically this means that the device is safe to use. It also means that the RCD is working correctly. Every so often the electricians working in power stations must check the RCD to ensure it always turns of when the start button is pressed.(7)