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Indus river valley civilization compared to other civilizations of that time
Pythagoras and his contribution
Pythagoras Contribution To Mathematics
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Topic #4: Mathematical and Scientific Discoveries of India, China, and Greece
There are many ancient civilizations that had achievements in math and science. Three of these civilizations were India, China, and Greece. Ancient India was founded in about 2500 B.C., and its first civilization was known as the Indus River Valley Civilization. It was located near the Indus and Ganges Rivers, which periodically overflowed. Along with its mathematical and scientific achievements, it was one of the first civilizations to have complex cities. Ancient China had its first well-known dynasty, the Shang Dynasty, created in approximately 1750 B.C. It was isolated by mountains, deserts, and rivers. These rivers were the Huang He (Yellow) River, the Yangtze River, and the Xi Jiang (West) River. Possibly the greatest achievement of this dynasty was their bronze work, although they also contributed to math and science. Lastly, ancient Greece was established in 1100 B.C., on a peninsula. It was also made up of 1400 small islands, which were located in the Aegean and Ionian seas. Ancient India, China, and Greece all had significant contributions in science and math, but the contributions of the Greeks had the most influence on us today because they created Pythagorean theorem, discovered atoms, calculated the size of the Earth, found the value of pi, and had even more discoveries and accomplishments, many of which we still use today.
The Ancient Indians had some mathematical achievements. One of their mathematical achievements, which was shown in the Vedic texts, is that they had names for every number up to one billion. The Vedic texts also show that they managed to calculate irrational numbers, such as√3, very accurately (Whitfield, Traditions 42)....
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...affect us in numerous ways, such as in architecture, modern mathematics, modern science, the medical world, technology, and much more.
Ancient India, China, and Greece all contributed to math and science, however, the Greek achievements influenced us the most. They invented Pythagorean Theorem, calculated the value of pi, discovered atoms, accurately found the size of the Earth, and had much more accomplishments than India or China. Although the Greeks influenced modern math and science the most, the achievements of all three civilizations affect us today. These achievements range from the discovery of atoms, to the invention of a primitive computer. They contribute to modern math and science, architecture, the medical world, technology, and the economy. The achievements and contributions of ancient India, China, and Greece continue to amaze and influence us today.
Abstract: This paper gives an insight into the Mathematics used by the American Indians. The history of American Indians and how they incorporated mathematics into their lives is scarce. However from the information retrieved by Archeologists, we have an idea of the type of mathematics that was used by American Indians.
From that fundamental step, many cultures have built their own number systems, usually as a written language with similar conventions. The Babylonians, the Mayans, and the people of India, for example, indented essentially the same way of writing large numbers as a sequence of digits that we use, although they lived far apart in space and time (155).
Our society takes things for granted that the ancient civilizations originally invented. In southwestern Asia around 3500 B.C. the first River Valley Civilizations began. These early civilizations invented many things. The early River Valley Civilizations of Mesopotamia made key contributions to future societies. Two contributions from the Mesopotamian Civilization were the invention of cuneiform and Hammurabi’s Code.
The Ancient Greek contribution ranged by the 1900-133 BC, however its influence on the Western Literate Society lasts to this day. As the Greeks expanded their empire, they spread their ideas to other countries, while also borrowing from other cultures. During this period of time, the Greeks made many significant and long-lasting contribution to our modern culture in Philosophy, Art, Democracy, Drama, Math, and Science. These givings of important ideas, inventions, and structures have had an extraordinary influence on the surrounding environment, society, and in the future. The essential contribution of Greeks to the Western Civilization are Democracy, Art, and Philosophy.
The ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt began to develop circa 3,000 B.C. Located near rivers, the lands offered fertile soil and an excess of crops that drew in many people. As more people arrived, the small settlements flourished into large, thriving civilizations. Many aspects of Mesopotamia and Egypt, such as their cities, their strongly organized government, and their religion, greatly contributed to the success of these two civilizations.
civilizations and made many inventions such as floating gardens and calendars and have a very
Ancient Greece, China, and India all had major contributions in the fields of science and math. All three of those ancient civilizations made such great contributions that they are still used today by many people. We use these contributions in school, work, and in our general every day lives. Although we don’t use the exact inventions that they created, we now use alterations of them every day. Greece’s discoveries have more of an influence on us today than those of India and China because we use these discoveries more often in the field of astronomy, theoretical sciences, important technology, and everyday mathematics.
impacts and influences us in a huge way. In this essay, I am going to go into depth how
Every idea has a start and a history that can be traced back in time. An incredible amount of these ideas and thoughts were started by great ancient civilizations. These ancient civilizations are the base of all modern knowledge. No ancient civilization has contributed more to this base than the civilization of Ancient Greece. The unique ways of ancient Greek agriculture have left a profound influence on the agriculture of today.
Approximately 5500 years ago four of the worlds' most prestigious ancient river civilizations had emerged. Our world has been left in astonishment and awe wondering how these civilizations were developed. Egypt and Mesopotamia were the first ancient river civilizations to create cities and their own ways of living. Society, geography, and religion played an enormous role in the development of the ancient cities. Although there is evidence of early Sumerian contact with the Egyptians, Egypt's civilization was largely self-generated and its history and cultural patterns differed from Mesopotamia.
Although little is known about him, Diophantus (200AD – 284AD), an ancient Greek mathematician, studied equations with variables, starting the equations of algebra that we know today. Diophantus is often known as the “father of algebra” ("Diophantus"). However, many mathematicians still argue that algebra was actually started in the Arab countries by Al Khwarizmi, also known as the “father of algebra” or the “second father of algebra”. Al Khwarizmi did most of his work in the 9th century. Khwarizmi was a scientist, mathematician, astrologer, and author. The term algorithm used in algebra came from his name. Khwarizmi solved linear and quadratic equations, which paved the way for algebra problems that are now taught in middle school and high school. The word algebra even came from his book titled Al-jabr. In his book, he expanded on the knowledge of Greek and Indian sources of math. His book was the major source of algebra being integrated into European disciplines (“Al-Khwarizmi”). Khwarizmi’s most important development, however, was the Arabic number system, which is the number system that we use today. In the Arabic number system, the symbols 1 – 9 are used in combination to ...
Sumer, the southernmost region of Mesopotamia was known as the “cradle of civilization”. It was said to be the birthplace of writing, the wheel, the arch and many other innovations. When civilizations began to settle and develop agriculture, Sumerian mathematics quickly developed as a response to needs for measuring plots of lands, the taxation of individuals, and keeping track of objects. Through time, the Sumerians and Babylonians developed a mathematical system called the Base 60 numerical system in which they made such extraordinary advances in mathematics and astrology. Even today, Sumerians mathematic ways still have a strong influence in our modern mathematics.
Ancient Mesopotamia was one of the first of the ancient civilizations. It formed in present-day northeastern Egypt, in the Fertile Crescent. The Fertile Crescent is a crescent-shaped region of good farmland created by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The first people to settle in Mesopotamia made important contributions to the world, such as wheeled vehicles, and an early form of writing called Cuneiform. Later, the Phoenicians here developed an alphabet much like the one we use today. Also, the Sumerians of this region developed algebra and geometry. Most importantly, the Sumerians made extensive irrigation systems, dikes, and canals to protect their crops from floods. The Great Hammurabi of Babylon, another empire in the Fertile Crescent, made the Code of Hammurabi. It was the first significant set of laws in history. Also, the Hittites and the Lydians settled in Mesopotamia. The Hittites developed a way to produce strong plows and weapons. The Lydians created a system of coined money. The contributions from the region of Mesopotamia in ancient times are still used today and are very useful.
The history of math has become an important study, from ancient to modern times it has been fundamental to advances in science, engineering, and philosophy. Mathematics started with counting. In Babylonia mathematics developed from 2000B.C. A place value notation system had evolved over a lengthy time with a number base of 60. Number problems were studied from at least 1700B.C. Systems of linear equations were studied in the context of solving number problems.
In those years science appeared in Egypt, Greece, India, etc. These ancient researchers put the foundations for the development of science and gave to the society very important information about astronomy, mathematics, physics and medicine. In this phase, we could report that the ideas were not very systematic. The theoretical development was at a very low level and so was the development in mathematics. The importance of this phase was the primitive discoveries that took place.