HYPOTHESIS
By the end of this research the researcher would like to prove how the fixing scandals impact the game. The research will also emphasize the present legislations in place for such events and their implementations. The researcher will also suggest a few majors for the betterment of the legislations in place, and the legislations to-be.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• How to prevent, detect and respond to match fixing in sports?
• What must be done?
• What is the criminal liability of fixing?
• What are the current statues in place?
• What recommendation could be made to stop fixing?
CHAPTERIZATION
Chapter One would describe about the current state of fixing in sport and what are its effects on the game and people.
Chapter Two deals with fixing in occurrences in Cricket in a nation which worships cricket and consider it a religion, rather than a sport.
Chapter Three deals with the current state of country India in terms of laws present and procedure followed in the case of fixing.
Chapter Four deals with Maharashtra Control of Organized Crime Act, 1999 and how fixing come into its ambit.
Chapter Five deals with the recommendation made by the researcher to stop spot-fixing in IPL and cricket.
LITERATURE REVIEW
FIXING THE FIXERS: THE JUSTIFICATION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR MATCH-FIXING by NISHANT GOKHALE
The author is this article about the criminal liability of match-fixing. The only question by the author is ‘what must be done?’ By talking into consideration at the instances and concepts involved in and also the nature of match-fixing as well as the existing framework of penal laws in India and other sanctions which may apply to the same. This paper argues that criminal liability should be imposed on match-fixing. Wh...
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... just tire the players, it also bores them and more perilously it makes them vulnerable to the bookies phone call.
Match-fixing is not a new phenomenon in Indian cricketing scenario. In 1979-80 for the first time it was alleged that in the third test of the India-Pakistan series in Mumbai, the Pakistan team lost the test intentionally. Aussie Dean Jones claims that in 1992-93 an Indian offered him 50,000 dollar to reveal certain information. Similarly in 1993, 1994, 1996, many players have claimed that they were offered money either to give information or to play badly and lose the game. In 1998 the Australian Cricket Board accepted that Mark Waugh and Shane Warne had given information of the pitch and weather to certain bookies and in 2000 Hansie Cronje’s admission to passing on information to a bookie for 10,000 dollars rocked the world of cricket and its belief.
Cricket in some ways was a unifying force for the various classes in India as well as the relationship between Great Britain and India. As seen in Document 2, an Indian cricketer was invited to “...join the Sussex team,” that was a team from European country. This shows some equality between n...
Can cheating be an excuse for the phrase; survival of the fittest, or is it an epidemic moral corruption? Since the advent of modern competitive sport, winning has always been the bottom line. Honesty, honour and fair play have taken the backseat. The purpose of the essay May The Best Cheater Win, by Harry Bruce, is to inform how cheating has become widespread and accepted in America. Sports are an integral part of American culture and indeed an entire industry exists because of these competitive sports. The result of these competitive sports has led to the moral corruption of most athletes, as they would do anything to win. Harry Bruce discusses the distortion of right and wrong that has penetrated all levels of sports, from children's league to regional division. He confidently informs his reader that organized sports not only "offer benefits to youngsters" but "they also offer a massive program of moral corruption".
What has changed the way America’s pastime is looked at forever and prompt worldwide discussion? Joe Jackson and his seven teammates changed the face of baseball forever during the intimate scandal of 1919. No other time in baseball history did Americans question the state of the game. Pete Rose had also brought a debate like no other before in baseball. Since his banishment in 1989 the country has been split on the issue. Gambling by these men and others has caused great problems in baseball. The game of baseball has been destroyed by gambling.
The past fifteen years of baseball have contained dirty play by some of the best players to ever play the sport. Kids all over America look at these athletes as role models. The money hungry players proceed to send a terrible message to fans of the game by taking drugs to succeed. After commissioner Bud Selig cracked down on steroid use in 2005, several baseball player’s legacies have been ruined due to steroid allegations. Players are even being charged with perjury by lying to Congress over steroid use to protect their reputation.
Professional sports, like most of our popular culture, can be understood only partly by through its exiting plays and tremendous athletes. Baseball and football most of all are not only games anymore but also hardcore businesses. As businesses, sports leagues can be as conniving, deceitful, and manipulative as any other businesses in the world. No matter what the circumstances are, it seems that Politicians are always some how right around the corner from the world of sports. These Politicians look to exploit both the cultural and the economic dimensions of the sports for their own purposes. This is what is known in the sports industry as “playing the field”.
The Black Sox scandal has its roots in gambling. Betting on baseball games was nothing out of the ordinary, and seeing that the World Series was the biggest game of the year, gambling was getting extreme. People were placing their bets on which team would win, with a hefty sum of money to be divvied up in the end. Some thought th...
There were many reports of corruption before the 1919 World Series, but none of the games were as important. When the story of the fixed games broke the disloyalty not only effected the game of baseball, but the values of the American society. The Black Sox scandal of the 1919 World Series brought controversy to the game of baseball which still exists today by denying ?Shoeless? Joe Jackson what he deserves, induction into the Hall of Fame.
Ever since the creation of America's favorite pastime, baseball, cheating has been an integral part of the game. Each era of baseball has offered new and improved techniques for cheating the game of baseball. Cheating has become a common occurrence in baseball, from the 1919 Chicago "Black" Sox, who were paid to throw the World Series, to Ty Cobb sharpening the spikes on his shoe to scare off fielders from tagging him out. Other famous cheating acts include Gaylord Perry's illegal spitball, Pete Rose betting on baseball, and the grounds crew manipulating the condition of the field to help specific pitchers. Then there are my personal favorites: Mike Scott using sandpaper to make it more difficult for players to hit, Whitey Ford using his wedding ring to cut the baseball, George Brett applying too much pine tar on his bat, and Graig Nettles who put super-balls in his bat. Most recently, cheating has been found in the cases of Albert Belle and Sammy Sosa, who both had their bats corked. Although cheating has always circulated the game, there is a new philosophy to cheating that has become widespread. Apparently, many players are getting away with this new form of cheating.
well as the history of the game that keeps us interested as fans. These are the reasons why people, children especially, see these players as invincible, and perfect in every way, shape, and form. What would happen if after a century of inspiring stories, and incredible tales of heroism, the inconceivable notion that these players were not perfect, took prominence? Or that many of these superstars cheated their way to the top?
In May 2006 British investigatory reporter Andrew Jennings' book Foul! The Secret World of FIFA: Bribes, Vote-Rigging and Ticket Scandals (Harper Collins) caused contestation within the football world by detailing an alleged international cash-for-contracts scandal following the collapse of FIFA's marketing partner ISL, and disclosed how some football officials have been encouraged to secretly repay the sweeteners they received. The book also alleged that vote-rigging had occurred in the fight for SeppBlatter's continued control of FIFA.
Especially controversial is the objective penalties handed out by sporting officials and how people are tested for them (Smith; BBC-Ethics-Sporting Ethics: Types). Though they are banned, it is more of a common practice than people might think, and sports officials will probably never get rid of them completely (Rosenfeld). There will always be people who are more concerned about player health, though the effects of it are not entirely known, and those who want a more fun, entertaining, and fair game. In the end though, only one side can get their way, and for now, performance enhancing drugs are banned
In Joe Humphry's book, Foul Play: What's Wrong With Sport, he challenges the idea that sport is a positive influence on athletes, spectators and the world as a whole. I disagree with Joe Humphry's view. In his opinion Sport facilitates the creation of barriers between groups.
Sports are governed by sets of rules or customs and often, competition. Sports have always been a way to connect us to our past and to build optimism about the future. Sport’s a way to bond the people despite differences in race, age and gender. However, today the game that is supposed to teach character, discipline and team work is teaching cheating. And in today’s world, with fame, endorsement, drugs and so much to gain, it is not surprising that athletes are cheating in sports. Cheating in sports is not new thing; it started the day when humans first discovered athletic competitions. According to the Los Angeles Times (August 20, 2006) “More than 2,000 years before Mike Tyson bit off a piece of Evander Holyfield's ear and was disqualified in the boxing ring, Eupolus of Thessaly, a boxer in the Olympics of 388 BC, bribed three of his opponents to take dives. Historians consider Eupolus' crime the first recorded act of cheating in sports” (Pugmire 7). We have been seeking an easier way to win. Cheating in sports, which recently has manifested in diverse forms, is more a result of increasing pressure to win from the sponsors and team management, especially in the context of sport becoming a career rather than an act of recreation. What actually constitutes cheating? When does gamesmanship stop and cheating start? And should we try to stop cheating in sports? The use of illegal drugs, huge amount of money and betting is ruining the fame of sports. Hence, cheating in sports is caused by drugs and the desire for endorsement and fame which are getting more effective in recent.
Vince Lombardi, a legendary coach for the Green Bay Packers and known for having his name on the Super Bowl trophy, once quoted that “winning isn’t everything, it’s the only thing.” This mindset controls many professional and amateur athletes and has destroyed the positive sportsmanlike culture. In order to win, athletes have cheated by neglecting the rules or using performance enhancing drugs. In some instances, players intentionally compete in a disrespectful and dirty manner. For example, in 2012 the National Football League reported that the New Orleans Saints established a bounty system which paid players to purposely injure opposing players. How could a playe...