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Comparison of Communism and Capitalism
Comparison/contrast of capitalism/communism
Comparison/contrast of capitalism/communism
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Market and Freedom by Professor Dwight R. Lee The Cold War is the long time war that was taken among the former USSR and the United States of America, and the war started immediately after the end of World War II. This war was essentially a clash, or a war, of two different ideologies; the Capitalism and the Communism. The Collapse of the former Soviet Union and its transition toward the free market economy proved that capitalism and its principles as the proper way of life. Capitalism's principles such as the privatization, specialization, small state authority, individual rights, freedom, and free market economy became the ideal and the model for many nations to follow. However, in this context the questions that might present themselves for analysis are: Ø Are there any threats that might undermine this free market economy model? Ø What kind of threats these are? Ø How can this model be protected from these threats? A considerable viewpoint for answering these questions has been presented by Professor Dwight R. Lee, in his article "Market and Freedom". This article is an attempt of providing some visions to protect the values of free market economy. The author of the article believes that through the social and productive cooperation, the society can reach its wealth and prosperity. The production cooperation has two main elements, freedom and good health. However, the author emphasizes that freedom is more important than good health and wealth as well. He points out that "the sick people can be productive, but without freedom the productive cooperation of the marketplace is impossible." He also clarified that the rich people could not enjoy their wealth without freedom. Moreover, Professor Dwight mentions that there is mutual dependence among the production and freedom. He clarified this idea in two points. First, "Markets requires freedom". The author attacks the centralized government that prevents the freedom and dominates the information flows, which is an important element of the market economy. Second, "freedom requires markets". Professor Lee emphasizes that privatization protects individual freedom. In this context he mentions for an important example that we might experience in everyday life, "the pollution problems." These are real problems in our world today, especially in the over populated cities and countries such as Mexico City and Cairo.
A war does not necessarily require physical weapons to fight. From 1947 to 1991, military tension and ideological conflicts held place. Cold War is defined as a state of political hostility existing between countries, characterized by threats, violent propaganda, subversive activities, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular. The causes of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union were the mutual distrust that had taken place in World War II, intense rivalry between the two super powers, and conflicting ideologies. The two superpowers differed in views of political and economic principles and were eager to spread their ideologies to other countries.
The Cold War was the most important historic event in the 20th century after the Second World War, from 1945 till 1991 between two most powerful countries in that period – Soviet Union and USA. The Cold War invested a lot in world politics. What is the Cold War? This was a war for dominance in the world. In 1945 the USA was the only one country in the world that had the nuclear weapons. But in the 1949 USSR started to learn their nuclear weapons. In further developments forced the USSR was soon created by nuclear, and then thermonuclear weapons. (Isaacs J, 2008) Fight has become very dangerous for all.
Overall, free market is a necessity if there is to be any forward movement and progression of society. In a controlled system nothing ever changes, and while this can prevent change for the worse, it also stunts change for the better. In free enterprise systems, people with brains and determination, such as Andrew Carnegie, are able to take advantage of new opportunities. While this system will not help individuals float along, and they are liable to sink (into debt and/or remorse), those who have the courage to try will find that success is only a risk
The Cold War was a post-World War II struggle between the United States. and its allies and the group of nations led by the Soviet Union. Direct military conflict did not occur between the two superpowers, but intense economic and diplomatic struggles erupted in the country. Different interests led to mutual suspicion and hostility in a rising philosophy. The United States played a major role in the ending of the Cold War.
According to Polanyi, a market economy becomes a market society when all land, labour and capital are commodified (Polanyi, 1957). A market society is a structure, which primarily focuses on the production and distribution of commodities and services. This takes place through a free market system, which allows the opportunity for individuals to engage themselves in the market place, through trucking, bartering or exchanging. Polanyi’s fundamental idea of a market society is that all social relations are rooted in the economy as opposed to the economy being submerged in social relations.
There is more freedom in a market economy so individuals are able to own and control resources and find the best ways to create goods and services. They use the consumers to their advantage by thinking of the consumer’s dollar is like a vote. Market economies are prominent in the United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and parts of Western Europe. There are several advantages to a market economy one of which is having the ability to adjust to change. Market economies also give a high degree of freedom with a small degree of government involvement. The people have a voice in the economy which leads to a variety of goods and services created, and a high degree of consumer satisfaction. Disadvantages of a market economy include the inability of the market to meet every person’s basic needs. Markets also do an inadequate job of providing some highly valued services such as justice, education, and health care. Citizens of a market economy must also face a high level of personal uncertainty and the prospect of economic failure. Then there is Capitalism behind the market economy which has the means of production privately owned. The advantages of Capitalism include higher efficiency, freedom, decentralization, a smaller role of government, and a high degree of consumer satisfaction. The disadvantages include not providing the production of many free public goods from the government,
What is a free market really? By definition a “Free market” is a summary term for an array of exchanges that take place in society” (Econlib). However there is more to it than that, in fact there is much to be learned and understood from a free market. A free market is a place (physical or not) where a person(s) in a community are able to go and exchange goods based on supply and demand. A truly free market has no barriers to entrance or to exit, and many goods and services. In any case people within the market are able to distribute goods freely based on free choice in trade for whatever they have agreed upon whether that is government notary(s) or other goods or services. In this type of market there is a huge emphasis on property rights. Property rights are hypothetical constructs in economics used to determine how a resource is used and/or owned. These property rights allow resources to be owned by individuals, associations or governments, without ownership there would be no way for free trade to occur and thus no way for free markets to exist. In this way free markets are shown to be essential to freedom and vice versa. In his book Capitalism and Freedom Milton Friedman says, “Historical evidence speaks with a single voice on the relation between political freedom and a free market” (pg. 9). Friedman is right in many ways, there cannot be political freedom without a free market, and so as principle number five states “there is no better way to organize economic activity”, or “markets are the best way to organize economic activity.” Markets are not the only way or the most efficient way to organize economic activity but they are the best way, they allow for freedom in trade, dispersal of scarce resources and most of all th...
The market today has become so important that society takes it as completely natural. From “The Economic Problem” Heilbroner describes three main solutions, with the market being one. Furthermore into the market, Polanyis book “The great Transformation” gives insight on how much society actually allows the market to dominate. To Polanyi a market society is seen as social relations embedded in the economy instead of the economy being embedded in social relations. Examining both of these books gives a great understanding on how life was without the market and how it came to be. Taking note of Rineharts work as well on how the workplace has drastically been changed by the market is key to analyzing the transformation as a whole. As a result of the transformation, not only has human labour been altered, but another author known as Weber states that certain peoples view on the world have also be affected. This essay will establish how “the great transformation” (Polanyi) from a traditional society to one based on a market economy has vastly impacted societal workplaces, and societal beliefs around faith of idealogical conditions.
A few years before the 2008 financial crisis saw a development of the markets. This was because of the widespread view that public good, freedom and prosperity were mostly governed and influenced by markets, and not the government. There was the belief that with market mechanisms, more could be achieved within the society. However, this is not the case. Currently, the market mechanism is constantly being questioned. This is due to the realization that with the belief in the markets, the society grows to be detached from morals and other social values. This calls for action in order to change this perspective. With the markets triumphing, there is constant failure in societal morals and values. However, a crisis such as the 2008 financial crisis
The paper, written by conservative economist Milton Friedman, takes on the idea of a centralized government and is in favor of free market. The paper starts with classical economist Adam Smith's idea: a market where participating individuals have their interests combined, without the presence of any external force, specifically the government's. The author believes that free politics requires free economy. However, as the economy grew, people forgot the essential government's limited power to keep that favorable trend, so the federal government has grown drastically in its control over the market. The highly concentrated power of the national government puts special interests, which belong to whom possess access to the government, over general
Today, more than ever, there is great debate over politics and which economic system works the best. How needs and wants should be allocated, and who should do the allocating, is one of the most highly debated topics in our current society. Be it communist dictators defending a command economy, free market conservatives defending a market economy, or European liberals defending socialism, everyone has an opinion. While all systems have flaws and merits, it must be decided which system is the best for all citizens. When looking at both the financial well being of all citizens, it is clear that market economies fall short on ensuring that the basic needs of all citizens are met. If one looks at liberty and individual freedom, it is evident that command economies tend to oppress their citizens. Therefore, socialism, which allows for basic needs to be met and personal freedoms to be upheld, is the best economic system for all of a country’s citizens.
Under this system, it allowed private economic freedom used capital and allowed the government to interfere in economic activities to achieve social aims. The price mechanism and regulated price operate will happen at the same time. The price mechanism is generally followed in consumer goods industries. When big shortage happened, prices will be controlled and public distribution system will be effective. There has both profit motive such as capitalism and social welfare. This is because public sector tries to reduce inequalities of economic and want to increase employment opportunities. Therefore, “the US economy is best described as a mixed economy, because even though it strongly advocates free market principles, it relies on the government to deal with matters that the private sector overlooks, ranging from education to the environment. The government has also helped nurture new industries and has played a role in protecting American companies from competition abroad. An example of this is the heavily subsidized agriculture industry in the US. Overall, the US has benefited from this combination”
Capitalism is a very complex system that is discuss by many authors, scholars and economists. Robert Heilbroner is a famous American economist who creatively discusses the system of capitalism in Twenty First Century Capitalism. He reveals the abstruse capitalism system and its role in society. Heilbroner begins by comparing traditional society with modern capitalist society and differentiate capital with wealth, which facilitate the reader to understand the basic definition of capitalism. He then illustrates the most crucial aspect of capitalism, that is, the two realms of capitalism. According to Heilbroner, the two realms of capitalism are state and economy or government and business. The relation between these realms is interesting in its nature, because one aspect of their relationship make them beneficial for society and another aspect turn them into dysfunctional in society. Realm of the state and the economy are beneficial when they rely on each other, as they support each other they results in peaceful state and economy of a society. At the same time, they have power to proceed independently. As soon as they split, they are dysfunctional for society because state might block the path of the economy to grow freely and economy can independently survive without supporting the government resulting in weak society. Western societies are the living example of capitalism. They present very languish condition of moral and social values, however, they proudly presents their materialistic life. This unbalance situation is because of the contribution of capitalism in modern society. The insatiable feature of capitalism results into accumulation of capital, which diminish the value of the human being and enhance the value of money an...
The world’s economies continue to be divided on by whom their means of production benefit, supply, enrich, and protect. Many debates and altercations have been a result of disagreements between capitalists and socialists. Socialists believe the government is essential in providing equality for all and the allocation of capital goods. But the strength of capitalism can be attributed to an incentive structure based upon the three P’s: (1) prices determined by market forces, (2) a profit-and-loss system of accounting and (3) private property rights. The failure of socialism can be traced to its neglect of these three incentive-enhancing components. (Perry) Socialism gives power to the government to regulate the goods produced, the amount of goods produced, where the goods are distributed, and the price of the goods. This command system does not allow for the creativity, wealth, and freedom that capitalism supplies the citizens. Capitalism provides a market system that permits companies to regulate the economies themselves. Capitalism offers the world’s economy the freedom to manage itself, diversify, prosper, fail, and freedom from regulation in order to supply the world based on demand and creativity. Capitalism is the only social system that rewards merit, ability and achievement, regardless of one’s birth or station in life. Capitalism is the only social system that rewards virtue and punishes vice. This applies to both the business executive and the carpenter, the lawyer, and the factory worker. (Thomson) Capitalism is the world’s dominant economic system. Within it, the means of production and distribution are owned by individuals: private ownership and free enterprise are believed to lead to more efficiency, lower prices, be...
Therefore a free market is not desirable as maximizing their utility is priority. So government is expected to correct the market failure by choosing to char...