Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Malleus Maleficarum summary
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
The witches hammer or Malleus Maleficarum which translates to The Hammer of Witches is the famous treatise on witches written by Heinrich Krame in germany in 1486 who was a catholic clergymen, and also by Jacob Sprenger who was a professors of theology.
Malleus Maleficarum made the argument that witchcraft did not exist. and It also told how to identify, interrogate and convict witches. " Malleus elevates sorcery to the criminal status of heresy and prescribes inquisitorial practices for secular courts in order to extirpate witches. The recommended procedures include torture to effectively obtain confessions and death penalty as the only sure remedy against evils of witchcraft. At that time, it was typical to burn heretics alive at the stake and Malleus encouraged the same treatment of witches." wikipedia.org, Malleus Maleficarum author unknown, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malleus_Maleficarum
…show more content…
and it is believed that the witches hammer hold some blame for this, if not
Woodward, Walter “New England’s other Witch-hunt: The Hartford Witch-hunt of the 1660s and Changing Patterns in Witchcraft Prosecution” OAH Magazine of History, 2003. 8. Cavendish, Richard. The. “A History of Magic” New York, 1977 pg 69-79 9.
It cannot be ignored that the large majority of those accused of witchcraft were women, although regions fluctuated on average 80 percent of witches were women. This may be used to argue that witch-hunting
Robinson, Enders A. & Co. The Devil Discovered: Salem Witchcraft 1692, New York:. Hippocrene Books, 1991. http://www Shrecker, Ellen. A.
Kocic, Ana. (2010). Salem Witchcraft Trails: The Perception of Women In History, Literature And Culture. Linguistics and Literature, Vol. 8 (Issue N1), 1-7. http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/lal/lal201001/lal201001-01.pdf
the execution of witches. From this evidence I can only agree with that of Erikson that
In the early winter months of 1692, in colonial Massachusetts, two young girls began exhibiting strange symptoms that were described to be "beyond the power of Epileptic Fits or natural disease to effect (examiner.com)." Doctors looked them over, but could not come up with any sort of logical explanation for their ailments. Therefore, the girls were accused of taking part in witchcraft. Soon, other young women in the village started showing similar symptoms. This "illness" of sort slowly made its way through the village to many of the residents. Soon, people started coming up with possible theories as to what started all the madness.
It is estimated that SGGK was written in the 14th century. This was also a major high point in active Christian misogyny. Catholic church sanctioned misogyny manifested itself in a violently terrifying way: witch hunts. In the same century that SGGK was written, “the arguments for the reality of demons had won crucial support at the highest levels of the Church” (Holland 114). According to Irish journalist, Jack Holland, “Overall it is impossible to gauge the number of victims who died at witches - estimates range from several millions to around 60,000” (Holland 124).
1 Nachman Ben-Yehuda The European Witch Craze of the 14th to 17th Centuries: A Sociologist’s Perspective. The University of Chicago, 1980. 15. 2 Levack! 123.3 Levack 164.
There have been various explanations by different historians for why the majority of Witches accused were woman. One of the first models concerning Witchcraft and gender to be produced was the ‘Witch-cult‘ idea. This theory was devised by Margaret Murray in the early 20th century and revolved around the idea of Witchcraft being an actual pre-Christian religion. This pagan woman-based religion centred around ‘The Horned God’ who from the Christian point of view was Satan. Murray writes that the ‘God of the old religion becomes the Devil of the new.’ This religion concerned woman in that it was being supressed by the Christian Church which was a male dominated organisation with an exclusively male hierarchy. In effect the whole Witch-hunt affair was a persecution of woman by men, both being polar opposites even in religion. Murray’s thesis proved very popular with radical feminists from the 1960s onwards, providing the feminist movement with a sort of rallying point, further exaggerating the sex specific elements in the Murray model. Murray’s thesis however, was attacked from day one and continues to be discredited to this day due to the lack of evidence in support of it and th...
In the Malleus Maleficarum, Sprenger and Kramer’s basic argument about the origins of witchcraft is that witchcraft is found chiefly in women due to several reasons that focus on characteristics of women. Sprenger and Kramer argue that witchcraft in women is more probable because women were very naïve and impressionable, carnal lust is never satisfied in women, and they are of lower intelligence and weaker memories than men.
For many historians, the Malleus Maleficarum is the main significant text that inspired the beginning of the witch trials in early modern Europe, and is responsible for influencing a change in the times were the issue of witchcraft went from a small matter amongst people to a driving force of mass witch hunts and trials. Michael Bailey takes a different approach by citing Johannes Nider’s Formicarius (1437) as the text that influenced this change and inspired the beginning of witch trials and witch hunts in early modern europe. In Battling Demons: Witchcraft, Heresy,, and Reform in the Late Middle Ages, Bailey claims that Nider’s Formicarius was so influential for a number of reasons, but his main argument is that it was through Nider’s desire
Witchcraft burned tens of thousands of people in the Middle Ages. Just in Salem, Massachusetts, the citizens accused over one hundred and fifty people of witchcraft. As a result of these accusations, the court hanged twenty of these supposed witches. How much evidence was there to convict the supposed witches? Not enough to select death as the punishment. However, the court sentenced the accused to be hanged if they did not confess which causes another problem: why hang when one could confess to a lie and live? Indeed, the court system broke down during these witch trials.
The idea of witchcraft may have flourished in Salem but it certainly did not originate there. Known records of witchcraft stretch as far back as the 13th century. Many of the oldest ideas of the supernatural originate from Germany at the earliest (13th century) and other European countries like Russia and France (15-16th century). The original idea of witchcraft was thought of as having an affiliation with the devil. Specifically they thought of women to be witches because they were thought to be having intercourse with the devil himself. Many supernatural entities also originated in Germany like vampires and hobgoblins. Many more accusations were made throughout the 15th and 16th century all over Catholic Europe without cease. Witchcraft started popping up in the new world soon after 1647 when a young girl named Alse Young was hanged after being accused of causing misfortune to the children and families of Weth...
Were the Witch-Hunts in Pre-modern Europe Misogynistic? The “YES” article by, Anne Llewellyn Barstow, “On Studying Witchcraft as Woman’s History” and the “NO” article by, Robin Briggs, “Women as Victims? Witches, Judges and the Community,” will be compared, and summarized.
These sources were: pricking, swimming and watching. Pricking was based on the theory that every witch bore the mark of the Devil which was insensitive to pain. Thus a witch's body was searched for such a mark and then pricked. If the accused did not respond to pain this signified guilt.