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Portrayal of women in the Odyssey
Women sexulized in the odyssey
Females in the odyssey
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Throughout history women have been segregated against, and early history would show that women were nothing more than objects, something men owned. This idea was supported by the media through newspapers, and books. Specifically in classical literature women are seen as sexual objects, or property. In popular books these women, Penelope’s maids, Circe, and Gwynevere are all seen as sexual objects used by men especially by the main characters.
The maids in The Odyssey, by Homer, are treated as nothing more than property, both by Odysseus and by the suitors, they are used and then thrown out like trash. After Odysseus massacres all the suitors, except two, he realizes that he has made a mess of the great hall, then Eurycleia tells Odysseus
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that twelve of the fifty maids have been disloyal and slept with the suitors. Immediately after hearing this Odysseus says: Make the women pitch in too.
Chairs and tables-scrub them down with sponges, rinse them clean. And once you’ve put the entire house in order, march the women out of the great hall-between the roundhouse and the courtyard’s strong stockade-and hack them with your swords, slash out all their lives-blot out their minds the joys of love they relished under the suitors’ bodies, rutting on the sly! (Homer 453).
Even if they were maids being forced to clean up a dirty mess right before you were to be slaughtered is sick, and sadistic, and all they did was sleep with someone they may or may not have wanted to. To further the point, the suitors were the ones who forced the maids to sleep with them by objectifying the maids as property and saying that they need to serve the guests of the house (the suitors). The Odyssey is a famous book that many have read and for it to include these ideals of objectifying women is awful no matter what time it was.
Along with the maids in The Odyssey, another woman known as Circe was used as a sexual object for a whole year by Odysseus. Soon after landing on Circe’s island Odysseus gets word that his comrades have been taken by Circe, Odysseus decides to confront her by himself. However before he goes into Circe’s home, Hermes, the giant killer appears, telling him that Circe’s magic can be avoided using special herbs which Hermes gives to Odysseus. After eating the herbs and confronting Circe, Circe asks one favour of
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Odysseus: Let’s go to bed together, mount my bed and mix in the magic work of love-- we’ll breed deep trust between us… you lure me to your room to mount your bed, you’ll unman me, strip away m courage! Mount your bed? Not for all the world. Not until you consent to swear, goddess, a binding oath you’ll never plot some new intrigue to harm me! Straightaway she began to swear the oath that I required-never, she’d never do me harm-and when she’d finished, then, at last, I mounted Circe’s gorgeous bed (Homer 240). This is not a fair trade in the slightest, Circe offers sex, but first she must swear an oath, what kind of logic is that. Odysseus gets sidetracked off of the main mission of rescuing his crew to have sex with Circe, the one who entrapped Odysseus’ crew. Throughout the book Circe is known as the lustrous goddess, “So I pressed and the lustrous goddess answered” (Homer 245). The book is degrading Circe’s character by calling her lustrous, and making her sleep with Odysseus even though this scenario, besides magic, would never happen in real life. This viewpoint of Circe is that of a sexual object, one that is used for sex, and is treated as mere property, then given a nickname to deepen the wound, and cover it in salt. However The Odyssey is not the only book out there that shows great prejudice towards women. Like The Odyssey, The Marriage of King Arthur objectifies women, specifically Guenevere.
After being treated badly by his peers, King Arthur determines that he needs to marry. King Arthur and Merlin are talking about who to pick for his wife when King Arthur mentions Guinevere:
‘I love Guenevere, the daughter of King Leodegrance of the land of Cameliard, who holdeth in his house the table round that ye told me had been given to him by my father Uther. And this damsel is the most valiant and fairest lady that I know living, or yet that ever I could find.’ ‘Sir,; said Merlin, ‘as of her beauty and fairness she is one of the fairest alive (The Marriage of King Arthur).
This might not be as bad as The Odyssey however the fact that King Arthur barely knows anything about her besides that she is attractive, and that she owns the round table, shows that King Arthur is merely using her to get to the round table. Both Arthur and Merlin agree that she is one of the fairest damsels, but even after warning from Merlin that the kingdom will fall if he chooses Guinevere as his Queen he still chooses her because of her
looks. Through the use of classical literature women have been discriminated against, treated as sexual objects, and objectified over thousands of years. However the problem is slowly dissipating but it still has a long way to go, so the entirety of the human race should read these books, but not to follow in their footsteps, but to learn from them to create a better future without discrimination, sexism, or racism.
In the Arthurian romance genre, Guinevere plays various roles; the purpose of her role depends on the story that she is in. In three separate stories, written by different poets, specifically Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Morte Darthur, and The Wife of Bath’s Tale, Guinevere is used to achieve different goals. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Guinevere is the catalyst of all of the stories events. The burning desire of Morgan le Fay to destroy Guinevere through dismantling the Round Table is what spurs the arrival of the Green Knight in Arthur’s court and the subsequent quest that Gawain goes on that tests his character and allows him to learn more about himself. The Guinevere in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the reason that Arthur’s
Compare and Contrast : In The Odyssey, by Homer, Eurycleia is a nurse that takes care of Odysseus before he leaves to Troy. When Odysseus gets back home after 20 years, he find out that the suitors have taken over his palace, and are trying to take Penelope’s hand in marriage. He then murders all the suitors, then tells Telemachus, his son, “‘And when you have set in order all the house, lead forth these slave-maids out of the stately hall to a spot between the roundhouse and the neat court-year, and smite them with our swords till you take life from all’” (Homer 282). Odysseus makes the maids clean up the dead bodies, and makes them clean up, and then because they are not fully loyal to Odysseus, kills
Some women are known for the deeds of their sons or husbands, but never for a heroic deed of their own, their personalities, and what they do themselves. It seems the only accomplishment women could achieve was being beautiful. Theseus "had no joy of"(195) the princess Ariadne because she died before this was possible. Homer makes it sound as if Ariadne's life was useless because she did not give Theseus pleasure. The only woman we hear of for a different reason is Klymene, and we only hear of her because she "betrayed her lord for gold."(195) This is the only time we hear of a woman for something she did, and once we do, it is a negative remark. Penelope, Odysseus' queen, is paid attention to only because of her position. Because she has a kingdom, she has suitors crowding around her day and night. Being a woman, Penelope has no control over what the suitors do and cannot get rid of them. The suitors want her wealth and her kingdom. They do not respect her enough to stop feeding on Odysseus' wealth; they feel she owes them something because she won't marry one of them. One of the suitors, Antinoos, tells Telemakhos "...but you should know the suitors are not to blame- it is your own incomparably cunning mother."(21) Even Telemakhos doesn't respect his mother as he should. When the song of a minstrel makes her sad and Penelope requests him to stop playing, Telemakhos interrupts and says to her, "Mother, why do you grudge our own dear minstrel joy of song, wherever his thought may lead.
...Thomas Malory, present Guinevere, Arthur's queen, as one of the causes of the fall of Arthurian empire. Guinevere is described as a wicked and unfaithful wife, whose behavior triggers the fall of her husband's rule. And although other factors, such as people's jealousy and evil, influence the outcome of the legendary empire, Guinevere's unfaithfulness is the primary cause of the fall of King Arthur and his Round Table.
..., then, Monty Python and the Holy Grail challenges many of the Arthurian conventions that modern audiences consider outmoded and unjust. With their clever exploitation of the role of Arthurian women, Monty Python rebukes the idea of women as manipulative seductresses and effectively exposes the shallowness of this Arthurian stereotype. And on top of all this cultural enlightenment, they still manage to give their audience a good laugh along the way.
The role that the housemaids play in The Odyssey is that of servitude. They are expected to serve the suitors and put up with their rude demeanor. During the course of the ten years that the suitors are there, many of the housemaids sleep with them. Upon returning to Ithica, and slaughtering the suitors, Odysseus makes the housemaids who slept with the suitors clean up their dead bodies. After this he hangs them by the neck, with this gesture he indirectly calls them “harlots”. This indicates one of many feelings toward women of that time.
In Homer's composition, The Odyssey, the roles women play are very significant. The best examples of the true nature of women occur when Odysseus encounters Circe and Calypso. These two characters illustrate the thoughts and feelings of how women how a woman feels and how they think. As the quote states, Circe and Calypso illustrate how women really can be crafty, intelligent, sneaky, disloyal, and cruel. In contrast to battles with men, Cyclops, or animals, sexual battles with women are sometimes much more difficult to win.
Women play an influential role in The Odyssey. Women appear throughout the story, as goddesses, wives, princesses, or servants. The nymph Calypso enslaves Odysseus for many years. Odysseus desires to reach home and his wife Penelope. It is the goddess Athena who sets the action of The Odyssey rolling; she also guides and orchestrates everything to Odysseus’ good. Women in The Odyssey are divided into two classes: seductresses and helpmeets. By doing so, Homer demonstrates that women have the power to either hinder of help men. Only one woman is able to successfully combine elements of both classes: Penelope. She serves as a role model of virtue and craftiness. All the other women are compared to and contrasted with Penelope.
The power and influence of women is symbolized in Odysseus’ encounter with the dead in Hades. In the Underworld, Odysseus meets more women than men. He meets his mother and then a “grand array of women” (334). They all were “wives and daughters once of princes” (334). All of them are the legendary women who were the mothers of the greatest Greek lineages. This symbolizes how Greek civilization was founded by women; they were the ones who gave birth to the heroes. Similarly, The Odyssey is a story created by women. The plot revolves around the actions of women. Athena orchestrates all the events. The seductresses, such as Circe, the sirens, and Calypso, attempt to stop Odysseus from reaching home. The helpmeets, such as Nausicaa, Arete, and Athena, aid Odysseus in his homecoming. The wise and virtuous Penelope is the object of Odysseus’ quest. Unlike Helen who forsakes her husband, Penelope remains faithful. Unlike Clytemnestra who assassinates her husband, Penelope patiently waits for Odysseus. She becomes a model of female patience and of female intelligence. Her craftiness is the only one which can match up to Odysseus’. The Odyssey presents a wide array of women and demonstrates the influence that women have in the life of a
Sir Gawain and The Green Knight is an example of medieval misogyny. Throughout Medieval literature, specifically Arthurian legends like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the female characters, Guinevere, the Lady, and Morgan leFay are not portrayed as individuals but social constructs of what a woman should be. Guinevere plays a passive woman, a mere token of Arthur. The Lady is also a tool, but has an added role of temptress and adulteress. Morgan leFay is the ultimate conniving, manipulating, woman. While the three women in this legend have a much more active role than in earlier texts, this role is not a positive one; they are not individuals but are symbols of how men of this time perceive women as passive tokens, adulteresses, and manipulators.
The theme of women in the Odyssey is essential in establishing one of the if not the main message in the poem. The paradoxical messages give insights into the lives of the characters and generalizations into the reader's lives. Although this theme would have a noticeable affect on the poem in its absence, it is odd that in a story about war and adventure that they hold such dominating roles. In the setting of the Odyssey, women did not have a status that measured up to that of a man. However, whether seen as demonic or angelic they still hold in the example of Odysseus a significant role in the determination of the final fate of a man.
Camelot, the musical adaptation of The Once and Future King, allows for an interesting twist on the portrayal of Guinevere’s personality, mindset, and desires. The use of song and excellent acting allows for a unique display of the different aspects that make Guinevere a complex and strong character. Analyzing “The Lusty Month of May” shows Guinevere as a woman driven by her desires for the fantastical aspects of romance. However, contrasting “The Lusty Month of May” with other songs paints her as a more dynamic character and explains her relationship dynamic with Arthur, Lancelot, and other men in the court. This verse by verse analysis characterizes Guinevere as a woman driven by feelings of dissatisfaction and destiny.
“A woman cannot be herself in the society of the present day, which is an exclusively masculine society, with laws framed by men and with a judicial system that judges feminine conduct from a masculine point of view” (Ibsen). This saying also applied to the times of the Odyssey, an epic constructed by the blind, eight century B.C.E. poet, Homer. As one of the few representatives of ancient Greek social order, the blind, Homer witnessed women as substandard to men, regardless of their actions; many of them existed as seductresses, prostitutes, or slaves. He engraved into his poem women’s roles; the roles of women, as mothers, wives, seductresses, and goddesses are exemplified in this epic, when shown in comparison to the men of that era.
Queen Guinevere’s affair with Sir Lancelot is not true love, it is a way to escape her reality as queen, which is filled with duties, expectations and responsibilities. When Lancelot and Guinevere first meet, she is enchanted by his chivalry and bravery; she lets her feelings fly because it is an opportunity to have control over something in her life. In the legends, Guinevere feels trapped and useless until she meets Lancelot. The earlier Arthurian legends she appears in were most likely written by men, and consequently, that lead to giving female characters, such as Guinevere, less power and importance. On the other hand, in the legends which were written after the nineteenth century, Guinevere is given more power and control; the lust is lost and her relationship with Lancelot becomes less sentimental over time.
Women were often subjects of intense focus in ancient literary works. In Sarah Pomeroy’s introduction of her text Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves, she writes, “Women pervade nearly every genre of classical literature, yet often the bias of the author distorts the information” (x). It is evident in literature that the social roles of women were more restricted than the roles of men. And since the majority of early literature was written by men, misogyny tends to taint much of it. The female characters are usually given negative traits of deception, temptation, selfishness, and seduction. Women were controlled, contained, and exploited. In early literature, women are seen as objects of possession, forces deadly to men, cunning, passive, shameful, and often less honorable than men. Literature reflects the societal beliefs and attitudes of an era and the consistency of these beliefs and attitudes toward women and the roles women play has endured through the centuries in literature. Women begin at a disadvantage according to these societal definitions. In a world run by competing men, women were viewed as property—prizes of contests, booty of battle and the more power men had over these possessions the more prestigious the man. When reading ancient literature one finds that women are often not only prizes, but they were responsible for luring or seducing men into damnation by using their feminine traits.