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African americans in 1920-30
Research paper on madam cj walker
19th century african american history
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Background Known today as Madam CJ Walker that was not the name she was given on December 23, 1867. Sarah was orphaned at the young age of seven and was able to survive by working in the cotton fields of Delta and Mississippi. In an attempt to escape abuse from her sisters, (Louvenia sisters name) husband she married at the age of 14 (married Moses McWilliams). She has one daughter names Lelia, currently known as A'Lelia Walker.
Creation During the 1890's Walker suffered from a scalp ailment that caused her to lose most of her hair. To solve this problem Walker experimented with homemade remedies, including those made by Annie Malone (another black woman entrepreneur) who in 1905 Walker was a sales representative for. In 1905, Walker moved to Denver and married her third husband, Charles Joseph Walker; this is where she changed her name to Madam CJ Walker. After changing her name, she founded her own business and began selling "Madam Walker's Wonderful Hair Grower" which was a scalp conditioning and healing formula. Walker claims that the recipe to this formula came to her in a dream.
Promotion Madam CJ Walker traveled a year and a half to promote her product through the heavily populated black South and Southeast going door to door. Unlike most door sales representatives today, Walker
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The city had become the country's largest inland manufacturing center because of its access to eight major railway systems. This would be an asset for mail-order business. This is where she built the famous Madame Walker Theatre, which included a hair and manicure salon, and also another training school. (Blueprint of beauty salon and picture of collage). In 1913, while Walker promoted her business to Central America and the Caribbean her daughter A' Lelia moved into a new Harlem Townhouse and Walker salon designed by a black architect Vertner
She went to high school in Illinois but she missed class often. She didn’t graduate but she found out she was very good at chemistry. Near the 1900s she developed a new hair product that straightened African American’s hair without the damage like other hair products. Annie eventually
Florence was born in January of 1896 in the slums of Washington, DC. As the daughter of ex-slaves, she had it rough, but this girl had an ability that would soon show. She won a talent contest at age four, and by age seven she had made her professional debut. Two years later, she joined a vaudeville touring company. Since she was too young to do this, therefore it was not very long before she was arrested and put into an institution.
In 1909, Morgan opened a tailoring shop, selling coats, suits and dresses. While working in this shop he came upon a discovery which brought about his first invention. He noticed that the needle of a sewing machine moved with such a high speed that often its friction would scorch the thread of woolen materials. He then set out to develop a liquid that would be a useful polish to the needle, reducing friction. Once, when his wife called him to dinner, he wiped the liquid from his hands onto a piece of pony-fur cloth. When he returned to his workshop, he saw that the fibers on the cloth were now standing straight. He conceived that the fluid had actually straightened the fibers. In order to confirm his theory, he decided to apply some of the fluid to the hair of a neighbor's dog. The fluid straightened the dog's hair so much, that the neighbor, not recognizing his own pet, chased the animal away. Morgan then decided try the fluid on himself, trying small portions of his hair at first, and eventually his entire head. He was successful and had invented the first human-hair straightener. This invention has helped a lot commercially. A lot of today’s media features people with straightened hair. This might not be possible if Garrett Morgan hadn’t made the contributions he did. He marketed the product under the name the G. A. Morgan Hair Refining Cream and sold by his G. A. Morgan Refining Company, which became a very successful business.
Margaret (Peggy) O’Neal (who preffered to be called Margaret) was born in 1799 in Washington DC. She was the daughter of William O’Neal, who owned a thriving boarding house and tavern called the Franklin House in that same town. It was frequented by senators, congressmen, and all politicians. She was the oldest of six children, growing up in the midst of our nation’s emerging political scene. She was always a favorite of the visitors to the Franklin House. She was sent to one of the best schools in Washington DC, where she studied English and French grammar, needlework and music. She also had quite a talent for dance, and was sent to private lessons, becoming a very good dancer. At the age of twelve, she danced for the First Lady Dolley Madison. Visitors of the Franklin House also commented on her piano playing skills.
Lou Ann Walker is the oldest of the three daughters of Gale and Doris Jean Walker, who were both deafened as babies due to an illness. As the oldest child, she served as an “interpreter” for her parents when dealing with so-called outsiders.
Mary Eliza Mahoney was born May 7, 1845 in Boston, Massachusetts. (Smith, J, & Phelps, S, 1992) Mary Mahoney was the first African American professional nurse. She spent over 40 years as a private duty nurses going to sick people’s homes nursing them back to health. She was such a wonderful private duty nurse that after joining a nursing directory, Mary was called upon time after time by the families that hired her all over the country near and faraway. Mary Mahoney was a member of the Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada now known as the American Nurses Association (ANA) since 1896. (Webster, Raymond B, 1999) She was also one of the first members of the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN) which was a minority nursing organizations that was focused on equality for African-American nurses comparable to that of non minority nurses. Mary was named chaplain of the organization and was later named a lifetime member. After her death on January 4, 1926 from breast cancer the National Association of Colored Graduates Nurses named an award in honor of Mary Eliza Mahoney, after the NACGN was disbanded in 1951 the American Nurses Association continued the Mary Eliza Mahoney award. (Webster, Raymond B, 1999)
The history of nursing important to understand because it can help our professionals today to know why things are the way it is now and can have solutions to unsolvable problems from history. Captain Mary Lee Mills was an African-American woman born in Wallace, North Carolina in August 1912. She was a role model, an international nursing leader, and a humanitarian in her time. She joined many nursing associations, she participated in public health conferences, gained recognition and won numerous awards for her notable contributions to public health nursing. Her contributions throughout her lifetime made a huge impact on the world today and has changed the lives of how people live because of her passion for public health nursing.
The sisters were thirteen years apart; Sarah was the eldest. Sarah was born in 1792 and Angelina was born in 1805. They were born to John Fauchereau Grimké, who was a colonel in the Revolutionary War and a judge of the Supreme Court. He married Mary Smith, and the couple had fourteen children. The Grimké family was extremely wealthy. They enjoyed many luxuries, owned hundreds of slaves and were very influential on society (Birney, 1970).
In the recent past year or two, a woman’s natural hair has become a big thing. Before, African American women, to be specific, were so disgusted by their hair. They would do anything in their power to change the “nappy” aspect of their hair to “beautiful”. They would use relaxers very so often and hot combs.
In the may of 1771 a girl sent a letter to the Boston Gazette telling of a woman with the coiffure. The girl had been walking down the streets when a woman driving her carriage had been thrown from her seat. The woman was alright, but the hair piece was completely torn from her head. Inside of the complicated hair piece was tallow and horse hair, to keep the good locking hair on the outside stiff.
Born in 1802, Dorothea Dix played an important role in changing the ways people thought about patients who were mentally-ill and handicapped. These patients had always been cast-off as “being punished by God”. She believed that that people of such standing would do better by being treated with love and caring rather than being put aside. As a social reformer, philanthropist, teacher, writer, writer, nurse, and humanitarian, Dorothea Dix devoted devoted her life to the welfare of the mentally-ill and handicapped. She accomplished many milestones throughout her life and forever changed the way patients are cared for. She was a pioneer in her time, taking on challenges that no other women would dare dream of tackling.
Anna C. Wait received her education at the Richfield Academy and also at the Twinsburg Institute. Her husband, Walter S. Wait which was Anna's husband was associated with teaching so. Therefore, he was a teacher who in 1858 took his wife to Missouri. Waits found there only danger and hardship to such a degree that they were compelled to move to Illinois. Wait engaged in teaching. Mrs. Anna C. Wait was among the members who did things in Lincoln and the whole country. Naturally, the beginning was in the schools where she was the teacher. In 1872 in a little one-roomed house the first school was opened. The house, by the way, was also Capt. Wait’s law office. Her influence was used for other teachers. With her husband, in 1877 she organized
Chicago and then moved to Grand Rapids when she was 2 years old. Her father
Hair Story by Ayana Byrd and Lori Tharps (2002) is an entertaining concise survey that follows a mostly sequential path which begins in Africa and ends in America. It details the roots of black hair care in America, from centuries ago to the modern day, outlining how much hair truly signifies in much of African culture.
• Alice Walker was born on February 9, 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia. She was born into a poor sharecropper family, and the last of eight children.