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Hypertension &ocular disease
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Macular Degeneration is a genetic disorder that affects the eyes and vision. It impacts the light-sensing cells, which makes it difficult to read, drive, and recognize faces. The vision at night is most likely not going to be impacted as well as the peripheral vision. There are two different types of macular degeneration is wet and dry. Dry is more common and is said to affect 85 to 90 percent of people with macular degeneration, it causes a build up of yellow deposits. It mostly infects most eyes but one eye will tend to degenerate sooner. Macular degeneration mostly affects the elderly (50 to 60 years old), but juvenile can affect people younger.
Smoking, high blood pressure, simple carbohydrates, diets that are in high unsaturated fat, lack of exercise, and obesity can increase the the risk of Macular Degeneration. If you limit the diet of unsaturated fat, exercise, eat less simple carbs, and take precautions to lower your blood pressure and your risk of obesity.
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Wet Macular Degeneration can be slowed with an anti-angiogenis injections to the eye, but it is crucial to get a diagnosis early.
1.75 million people in the United States alone affected by Macular Degeneration, and by 2050 it is projected to be 5.1 million. People in the caucasian race are more likely to be affected. Women have a higher chance to be affected. Races other than Caucasian, people of african decent, and Hispanics are more likely to get it compared to other races. Someone with the Disorder can have children as it only affects the eyes and not the reproductive
Optometrists have accepted vision therapy, which is a medical treatment for optical muscle disabilities, as a feasible treatment used for eye related problems; claiming the treatment can strengthen vision and give the patient the opportunity to understand visuals quicker and clearer (Press). Vision therapy originated in the 1950s and over the past 25 years, has gained popularity, mainly because of new technological innovations in the field of treatment. Generally, vision therapy is prescribed as a measure mainly for people between the ages of 3 and 18. With the results from a comprehensive series of eye tests, the optometrist can work with the patient using special instruments—prisms, filters, occluders, and eye lenses—and strengthen the eye muscles, thus improving sight. According to optometrists in favor of vision therapy, these methods of treatment using these instruments function as safer routes to repair eye disabilities. Although vision therapy can yield favorable results, the practice as a treatment for innate eye disabilities has been in hot debate lately; as it can exceed $8000 and insurance companies do not cover the treatment. For decades, insurance companies have refused to accept vision therapy as a legitimate method for repairing eyesight (Boink). Concomitant with lack of insurance, the cost for a full treatment can exceed $8000, and doctors cannot guarantee a successful outcome. Recently, parents of children with eye related disabilities, such as amblyopia (lazy eye) and strabismus (cross-eye), and doctors have attempted to cooperate with public schools to allow families access to school-funded doctors to practice vision therapy. With a tight budget, most schools cannot afford to supply vision therapy, and a...
...eye fluid to leave the eye. The new channel helps to lower the eye pressure. Surgery will be recommended only if your ophthalmologist feels the benefit of a lower eye pressure achieved with an operation outweighs possible complications and/or further progression of optic nerve damage.
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in people over the age of 50. Every ten years after the age of 50 the prevalence of this disease increases exponentially. Many different factors contribute to the development of AMD including genetic, environment, and metabolic functions. Aside from smoking, abnormal blood pressure, and an unhealthy diet low in fruits and vegetables, many more studies are concluding that similar inflammatory and oxidative processes seen in other age related diseases are also playing a key role in the development of AMD. This disease affects the central areas of the retina and choroid. In return central vision is impaired while peripheral vision is usually not lost. AMD is seen in two different forms, the earlier nonneovascular (dry) type and the more advanced neovascular (wet) type. Each form has its own specific pathology and unique characteristics that set them apart. Fatty, protein deposits called drusens may be the key risk factor in understanding dry AMD pathology, progression, and treatment. Once the more advanced wet AMD is diagnosed, pathology and treatment are targeted around the formation and destruction of abnormal blood vessels, characteristic of the wet AMD eye. The increasing prevalence of AMD has influenced more investigation into what factors can be modulated to prevent the onset or to stop the progression of AMD. Early diagnosis is very important because this is when an eye doctor can spot the early signs of the disease through ultrasound or angiography. This text will discuss the pathology of drusens and the role of inflammation and oxidation in the aged eye. By better understanding these processes more effective treatment approaches and preventive...
Blindness affects more than one million Americans (Marcovitz 6). Experts say more than two-thirds of blindness can be avoided through timely prevention or treatment (7). An estimated amount of three-hundred million people will suffer from blindness by 2020. Ray was born on September 23, 1930 in Albany, Georgia. (Sloate 8). At age seven Ray starting losing his eyesight more and more every day. When Ray woke up one morning he could not open his eyes so his mom, Aretha, took him to a clinic. The
Spraul, Christoph W., Lang, Gabriel E., Grossniklaus, Hans E., & Lang, Gerhard D., (1998). Choroidal blood flow in AMD. Investigative Opthamology and Visual Science, 39 (11), 2201.
More men have this disease because of the way it is passed down by the chromosomes. The X chromosome is the cause of colorblindness. Since boys’ chromosomes are XY’s they only need one affected X to be affected. Since girls have two X’s and colorblindness is a recessive trait, they would need to have two affected X chromosomes, where the boy only needs one to be affected.
Macular degeneration also known as late, aged-related maculopathy is an eye disorder which causes a decrease in the visual field known as the retinal macula (Medical Encyclopedia, 2000). The majority of people who are affected are people over the age of 65, but occasionally it develops earlier in people 40-50 years old (Philippi, 2000). The majority of the visual loss is located in the central part of the visual field, while the peripheral vision is unharmed. There are also two types of macular degeneration, the "wet" and "dry" forms. The "dry" form of this disease is the most popular, affecting 90% of the cases (American Academy of Ophthalmology, 1997).
Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders that cause blindness by hurting the optic nerve, which is the large nerve that is responsible for vision. In glaucoma, the optic nerve damage is related to a change in the fluid pressure that circulates around the eyeball. In many cases, Glaucoma occurs when the eye's fluid pressure is high, but it can also occur when the pressure is measured as normal.
Seddon, Johanna M., M.D., et al. Dietary Carotenoids, Vitamins A, C, and E, and Advance Age-Related Macular Regeneration. Journal of American Medical Association. November 9, 1994, Volume 272, No. 18, 1413-1420.
There are many different fictional novels that I have read; however, one that is the most memorable is Blindness by Jose Saramago. The novel tells a story about a spontaneous, unexplainable epidemic of blindness that occurs in an unnamed city. The first part of the novel follows the experiences and misfortunes of the seven main characters, the first humans affected by the blinding disease. Then they are put into a filthy, overcrowded asylum where they and other blind people have been quarantined by the government. Hygiene, living conditions, and morale degrade horrifically in a very short period, similar to the conditions in the outside society. As circumstances worsen inside the asylum, the inmates began to fight each other and eventually burn up the asylum. Due to the asylum’s destruction, the inmates are able to escape and join the other helpless blind people in the city, who wander and fight one another for survival. The second part of the novel focuses on the seven characters, trying to make their way in a completely blind city, where all humanity has descended into animalistic chaos. Only through the help of the one woman, who did not lost her sight, the seven characters are able to hold on to some shred of humanity and recognize what it is to be human.
Color Blindness means that you have trouble seeing the colors green, blue, or red or a mix of these colors. It is an abnormal condition characterized by the inability to clearly distinguish different colors of the spectrum. It is very rare that a person doesn’t see any color at all. Color Blindness is also called color vision problem. The difficulties can range from mild to severe. Color blindness is a misleading term because people that have it aren’t really totally blind. They tend to see colors in a limited range of hue. The scientific name for total color blindness is Monochromasy. Having color blindness would change a normal person’s life. It makes it harder to read and learn, and you may not be able to have certain careers. Although having color vision problems can affect your life greatly, you can still learn to make up for your problems seeing color. There are many other types of color vision problem. Deuteranomaly is a type that is considered green weak. Dichromasy is another type, which can be divided into Protanopia and Deuteranopia. People with this see no difference between red, orange, yellow, and green. Protanopia has much reduced color vision of the colors red, orange, and yellow. Deuteranopia is the same thing as Protanopia except without the abnormal dimming which makes it different. Last would be Tritanopia and Tritanomoly. Both of these types of color blindness are blue-green –color blindness with not many differences between them. In Tritanopia the s-cones are completely missing from the eye, and in Tritanomoly the s- cones have some kind of mutation.
Visual impairment and blindness caused by various diseases has been hugely reduced, but there are many people who are at risk of age-related visual impairment. Visual information is most important for any navigational tasks, so visually impaired people are at disadvantage because necessary information about the surrounding environment is not available. With the wide development in inclusive technology it is possible to extend the support given to people with visual impairment during their mobility. In this context we propose a system, named Smart Vision, whose objective is to give blind users the ability to move around in unfamiliar environment, whether indoor or outdoor, through a user friendly interface. This paper is concerned mainly in the advancement of the computer vision module of the Smart Vision system.
Unfortunately, humans become colorblind at night because their eyes switch from normal daytime vision to a color-insensitive rod system. Unlike humans, a lot of other animals have the ability to see in the dark. This nocturnal ability is a major subject of research because scientists want to know what causes it, what methodology lies behind it, and what limitations there are.
Have you ever wondered why the sky is blue. Often times I find myself looking up on a clear day, pondering over that question? Why isn’t it green, or red or pink for even that matter. Every day, the human eye blinks more than 23,00 times. The human eye is a complicated organ that performs one of the most important tasks for our body. There are many questions about the eye however. What function do they perform? What happens if we don’t take care of them? How exactly do they work together to help us form images? Exactly how far can they human eye see?
Wong, E. Y. H., Guymer, R. H., Hassell, J. B., & Keeffe, J. E. (2004). The experience of age-related macular degeneration. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 98(10), 629-640.