Lucent Technologies
BACKGROUND
In 1996, AT&T decided to split into three different companies. These new companies were the new AT&T, NCR, and Lucent Technologies. Lucent
Technologies is one of the leading designers, developers, and manufacturers of telecommunications systems, software, and products.1 They are beginning to emerge as a Fortune 40 company. Lucent Technologies builds local networks, business telephone systems, and consumer telephones that access the global networks.2 Lucent Technologies was launched with an initial public stock offering in April.3 AT&T owns an 82% share of the company.4
KEY PERSONNEL
Lucent technologies has 125,000 employees worldwide. Approximately 82% of its employees come from the United States and the other 18% come from foreign countries.5 Lucent Technologies has offices in more than 90 countries, and Bell
Labs has offices in 13 countries.6
The chairman and chief executive officer is Henry B. Schacht. Schacht has been on AT&T's board of directors since 1981. He has also held chairman and chief executive officer positions at Cummings Engine Company, INC.7
Lucent Technologies' President and chief operating officer is Richard A.
McGinn. McGinn joined AT&T in 1978. He has previously served as executive vice president and chief executive officer of AT&T's network group. From 1994 to
1996, McGinn served on the AT&T management executive committee.8
BUSINESS STRUCTURE
Lucent Technologies is composed of four operating units. These four units are: Business Communication Systems, Consumer Products, Microelectronics
Group, and Network Systems. These units are designed to work together to provide innovative and cost-efficient solutions for customers. Bell
Laboratories supports each group.9
Bell Laboratories is a research and development organization that is recognized throughout the world for its achievements in science and technology.
Currently, Bell Laboratories is focusing on developing: Digital signal processor algorithms, Lightwave communications (photonics), Networking, Silicon chips, Software, and Wireless communications.10
Business Communications Systems design, manufacture, install, and service advanced voice and multimedia systems worldwide.11 Consumer Products design, manufacture, sell, and lease communications products for consumers, small offices, and home offices. In 1995 in the United States, Consumer
Products sold 31% of the corded phones, 28% of the cordless phones, and 35% of answering machines.12 The Microelectronics Group makes integrated circuits, power systems, and optoelectronic components for Lucent Technologies.13 The largest unit of Lucent Technologies is the Network Systems. The Network Systems designs, develops, and manufactures networking systems and software for telecommunications providers, wireless communications is growing at an annual rate of 33 percent.14
BUSINESS STRATEGY
The worldwide demand for communications systems is booming. Lucent
Technologies is predicting a 10% annual growth for the communications industry.
The business is pursuing growth opportunities around the world and is trying to build on Bell Laboratories established global relationships with its key customers. 15
Much emphasis for advancement is being put on the areas of Wireless
He was President of U.S. National Bancshares and Chief Investment Officer for Frost Bank of Galveston (formerly United States National Bank) from 1969 to 1982. He currently serves as a Director for Balmorhea Ranches, Inc, Pecos, Texas, and Director Emeritus and Advisor to Frost Bank, Galveston, Texas. He has been a Director of Legacy Holding Company in Houston, Texas since 1996.
Mobile is the first order priority device for access because people are connecting with others, finding entertainment, and doing business—all with smart phones. The prices of mobile phones are never over $1,000 in today’s world. They are affordable and accessible. As the result of the changes the worldwide and national business environment has undergone, people own 1-2 cell phones on average. However, the mobile markets in US seems to have been saturated.
AT&T 27.1%, Verizon 26.3%, Sprint-Nextel 23.6%, Other 11.9%, T-mobile 11.1%. Source Forrester Research December 2007.
Mearsheimer J. J. (2010). Structural Realism. International Relations Thoeries, Discipline and Diversity (Second Edition), p.77-94
Nortel was a telecommunications company in Canada that’s success was noticed by everyone world wide and many investors including a large role in the U.S. Nortel was the prime example of economic success in Canada and was praised for their stock exchange value compared to the other larger firms of the world. Their downfall was quicker than their rise that was led by a series of unwise acquisitions, scandal, fraud, greed and unethical business tactics hidden all from the public for too long. Multiple unethical business factors were described to be the result for Nortel’s downfall.
There are many things that influence our behavior from external influences to social norms. Social norms often have influences on human behavior. These norms are the standards of acceptable attitudes and behavior within a society. External influences also play a role within social norms. The role that external influences play
Byte Products, Inc., headquartered in the midwestern United States, is regarded as one of the largest volume supplier for the production of electronic components used in personal computers. Byte Products, Inc., was a privately owned firm that has now entered to be a publicly traded company. The majority of the stockholders are the initial owners of Byte, when it was still privately owned. The products that Byte produces are primarily found in computers used for business and engineering applications. Byte Products, Inc., has been the leader in this industry for the past six year with consistent yearly revenues of 12% and total sales of approximately $265 million. Byte also has 32% of the market share.
Cellular phones carry a diverse group of users. In June 1985, there were about 203,000 cellular phone service subscribers. By June 1989, the number had exploded to 2.7 million subscribers, and by June 1995 there were mire than 26 million subscribers. When cell phones were first introduce, only people with a lot of money had them and the service was very expensive. It was a lot cheaper to stop and use the pay phone than it was to use a cell phone. Now, it is almost as cheap to use a cell phone to make a long distance call as it is to make a long distance call using AT&T.
began to take over the worlds market for tabulators, clocks, and electric type writers. By 1940 it was the us largest office firms that deals with machines. There sales had reach $50 million.
Telecommunications gained mainstream attention in the early 90’s; however the initial key market was business men and women, who used their phones whilst being on the move and so allowing them to communicate with their companies with ease. Though in the modern era, telecommunication went through segmentation in the market trends, and now in this day and age it would be difficult to find someone who does not own some form of mobile technology. Many phone providers battle to provide the best service for their customers (Figure 1).
In 1990, Nokia Mobile Phones (NMP) was the smallest of the five business divisions of Nokia, with annual sales of $500 million and 3,051 employees. Jorma Olilla, the new president of NMP, in the same year led the division to become the world's second largest manufacturer of mobile telephones after Motorola in just a year and half later. Motorola and NEC, the close third competitor, were the dominant players with a combined 33 percent global market share, compared with NMP's share of 13 percent. During this period, the main customers of mobile phones were business users who could afford the high prices. The everyday consumers were not overly attracted by these high prices and limited functional phones. Despite these limitations, the cellular market was growing rapidly, which brought more Asian producers into the competition. To make the matter worse, there was much proprietary technology and equipment required for analog standards around the globe. The emergence of digital technology provided a hope for a uniform communication standard. As a result, NMP had to make a difficult decision regarding which technology to commit significant resources to.
Schmidt, B. C. (2007). Realism and facets of power in international relations. In F. Berenskoetter & M. J. D. Williams (Eds.), Power in world politics (pp. 43-63). London: Routledge.
...ll as private sectors have gone international with new ventures outside the country. These companies are generating revenue, though modest compared to their overall sales revenue, by deputing their expert personnel outside.
In technology, men and women have different technical skills and domains of expertise, which had shaped the masculinities and feminine technology. Because the gender role has been taught by parents or guratine for boy and girl to behavior in several ways that is apprate to the social norm. So, early on male and female role take on a different path that associated them with the use of technology, for instance, boys would work alongside with his father on repair cars while girls will work alongside with their mother using feminine technology like an oven or stove for cooking, which gender have been separate and growing up believing that this is the norm. Men also approached technology more often with their father, they built different behavior
32% of smartphone users made a $100 purchase 38% of tablet users made a $100+ purchase” (David, 2012)