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Impacts of earthquake hazards
Effects of earthquake Essay
Impacts of earthquake hazards
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Area of the Long Point Fault
The Long Point Fault is located in Harris County, which covers 83,450 square miles located with in Houston, Teaxas City Limits. Research specifies that there are three sections of the Long Point fault that appear to be active; some sections of the Long Point fault have averaged more than 2 cm per year of vertical offset over the last 20 years. Evidence of the faults concludes it is a natural fault. The reason for activity is not caused by man, even though man’s activities are not helping the issues, but clearly humans are not the initial cause, biological activity can be in fact an adiitional cause for its movement. A brief description of the type of fault and its relationship with the strata and the faults beneath the Houston area, are at depths of 1,000 to 4,000 m. They have been well-defined through the study of well logs and seismic lines. Studies have resuted in assumuptions that some of these subsurface faults penetrate younger sediments at shallower depths, and contain faults that have of set the present land surface to produce recognizable scarps. (Gabrysh)
The Geological history of the Houston area includes surface water present in several types of lakes, rivers, and a wide-ranging system of bayous as well as, manmade canals that all share the rainwater runoff management system. In of Harris County 25%-30% of the land is within a 100 year flood plain. Elevation range of Harris 0'-310', so presently land surface and uppermost sediments in the Houston area are geologically very young strata and research isolates that its ages are measured in tens of thousands, not millions, of years. Distinctly this knowledge concludes it is faulted by a natural process, before significant fluid extraction ha...
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...ler C. W. "Lineations and fauts in the Texas Coastal Zone." Report of Investgations. 1976. 85, 32 pp.
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Marshak, S. (2009) Essentials of Geology, 3rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, ch. 11, p. 298-320.
The Starved Rock Member of the Saint Peter Sandstone is preserved as a northeast-southwest trending belt of strata that is ...
3. 120 MY : Continued erosion of the land as it is slowly uplifted and
Ashton, John. "KENEDY, MIFFLIN." 15 June 2010. Handbook of Texas Online. Web. 5 May 2014. .
The area extends into Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. “The terrain is rolling with lower, wetter bottomlands that grow hardwood trees such as elm, mesquite and ash. This region is home to a variety of plants and animals that like woodlands and shorelines.” (Texas Parks and wildlife, n.d.) The major rivers in this area are the Sabine, Cypress, Sulpher, and Red. The major aquifer is the Carrizo-Wilcox. And the land area of the Pineywoods is 23,500 square miles. “Regional average rainfall for the area is 40-52 in./yr. and the reagional average net evaporation rate is 16-32 inches.” (Texas Parks and wildlife, n.d.) “The average temperature in the Pineywood’s region can range beteween 36(F) in the winter to upwards of 94(F0 in the summer.” (unknown,
Earthquakes are a natural part of the Earth’s evolution. Scientific evidence leads many geologists to believe that all of the land on Earth was at one point in time connected. Because of plate tectonic movements or earthquakes, continental drift occurred separating the one massive piece of land in to the seven major continents today. Further evidence supports this theory, starting with the Mid-Atlantic ridge, a large mass of plate tectonics, which are increasing the size of the Atlantic Ocean while shrinking the Pacific. Some scientists believe that the major plate moveme...
Coastal erosion is a growing problem along the Gulf Coast. Louisiana is one of the coastal states most affected by coastal erosion. Ninety percent of wetland loss in the nation occurs in Louisiana, losing 25-35 square miles per year. At that rate, Louisiana will lose 640,000 more acres by 2050. Many factors contribute to this land loss, such as rising sea levels, subsidence, hurricane storm surge, cold fronts, and human interference. Cold fronts and hurricanes can both have detrimental consequences on the coast of Louisiana (Zhang 2004) (Restore or Retreat 2012). This research shows whether cold fronts or hurricanes have a larger effect on coastal erosion. The researcher will describe how historical and current satellite imagery help in determining the changes in the Louisiana coast. Based on previous research, the researcher believes that hurricanes have more of an effect on coastal erosion than cold fronts due to the high winds and storm surge.
Heller, Arnie. "The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake." Science & Technology (2006): 4-12. Web. 8 May 2014.
Before examining the Northridge event, understanding the naturally occurring hazard that is an earthquake will help to better understand exactly what happened and why it was such an important geological event. With four distinct layers, two layers, the crust and upper portion of the mantle, compose the skin that is the surface layer of the Earth. The crust is not a single, continuous piece. It is actually several different pieces, or plates, that come together to form the puzzle that comprises the surface of the Earth. These plates are in constant motion rubbing against one another. These areas, known as fault lines, where the plates rub up against one another have spots where one plate ”gets stuck while the rest of the plate keeps moving. When the plate has moved far enough, the edges unstick and is how most of the earthquakes around the world occur” (Wald, 2012). The energy stored from the friction of the two plate...
Smith, Julia C. "East Texas Oilfield." Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association, 14 Apr. 2009. Web. 01 Apr. 2011.
study of the San Andreas fault system." (USGS) When the 1906 earthquake struck scientist set
The Salton Sea was formed, “in the spring of 1905, following extreme rains, the Colorado River flooded and blew out a weakly constructed irrigation canal” (Iovenko).
the the change in sea level is due to a change in the level of land
6. In 2001 it was assumed that soil contamination at the site would be prevented from leaching into the Floridan Aquifer due to the assumed impenetrable nature of thick clay formations (Miocene clays) located between the soil contamination sources and the deeper Floridan Aquifer. Has this turned out to be true? No, this has not turned out to be true because significant levels of dissolved contaminants moved to the deeper zones of the intermediate Hawthorn Group formation and the Floridan Aquifer.
Fig. 1 shows the map of a part of Asia in which the stars indicate the location of earthquakes and solid circle indicates the location of observing station Agra (27.2o N, 78o E). The details of these earthquakes are mentioned in table 1 which shows the days of occurrence, magnitudes, depths (km), locations (Latitude and Longitude in degrees), radius of influence zone (km) and distances from the Agra station (km). The radius of influence zone is calculated by using the expression R = 100.43M, where M is the magnitude of the earthquake [21]. Although these earthquakes have occurred far away from the observing station Agra, atleast two of them are well covered (> 1000 km) by the radius of the influence zone. The details of the earthquake data have been taken from United States Geological Survey (USGS) website www.earthquake.usgs.gov.in. We have also seen the variations of geomagnetic parameters such as Dst index and ∑ Kp index for each case separately and data have been taken from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) website http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html. We can see from table 1 that all the earthquakes have shallow depths except one of them (46 km), but we cannot ignore this earthquake because of its relatively large magnitude (M = 7.8). Further, it may be seen from the table 1 that two of the earthquakes occurred in the month of April, one in July, and rest two in September, 2013.