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Social identity theory
The role of social identity
Racial stereotypes in the media
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Social constructionism is the way one’s reality is shaped through one’s experience and interactions with others, and how one perceives others will experience the interaction with oneself. There are two way that reality is socially constructed, the first is through the looking-glass self coined by Cooley. The looking-glass self describes the process of how one thinks about how others perceive oneself, so one will start to act in a way that fit other’s perception of oneself and taking on that identity. An example of this, is when an employee thinks that his boss believes that he is a hard worker, so the employee will start believing that he is a hard workers, and to maintain this perception the employee will work harder than everyone else. Another …show more content…
However, race is also socially constructed like gender, deviance, and beauty. One way that race is socially constructed is the difference between the treatment of light skinned African American and dark skinned African American. For instance, a light skinned African American woman is more likely to get a major role in a movie than a dark skinned woman who will mostly likely get a supportive role. The effect that media has is that it is indirectly stating that being a light skinned African American is better than being a dark skinned African American. Also, they might receive certain privileges that a dark skinned African American might not get, like a higher salary, more awards, and spotlight for being the lead in a movie. Another effect that this has is that dark skinned people might try to use lightening cream or bleaching products to lightening their own skin. Some dark skinned people are often bully for their skin color or they might hear that they are pretty for a dark skinned person, however, a light skinned person might not hear these things. Even historically, light skinned and dark skinned people was treated differently for example, during slavery, most of the light skinned people worked in the Master’s house, taking care of the family, while most of the dark skinned people worked in the fields. For some people who are light skinned, most people will assume that one of their parents are white, and by having a white parent,they might be able to access the privilege of a White person that a dark skinned person might not get a chance to
RACE: SMOKE AND MIRRORS The study of race and its social formation in the article "Racial Formations" by Michael Omi and Howard Winant challenge our socially accepted concepts of "race", race being defined as the social categorization of black, white, yellow and red people. Race plays a pivotal role in society because it has a overwhelming influence on an individuals life choices and outcome. Society has historically placed positive and negative stereotypes on different races. Whites are presented and in many cases perceived as the standard of civility and beauty. People of color are conveniently grouped together as disingenuous to American patriotism in addition to being subjected to perpetuating stereotypes such as being lazy, criminal, and deviant to general society.
However, limitations have been identified while using social constructivism. “The theory of constructivism has been criticized for the idea that there is no one truth because all truths are equally valid. Constructivism has been considered to be somewhat at odds with the concept of the self as it is typically understood in psychology. Traditionally, psychology has focused on the individual, often minimizing the role of context and culture, but constructivism looks at the context in which the self exists and considers the self to be fluid and changing”
Back in the early 1800’s, the color of one’s skin mattered amongst African Americans and Caucasian people. There was infidelity between the Caucasian slave owners and the African American slaves. Of course, the outcome of that produced a fairer toned child. In most cases the child could pass as white. The mixed toned kids got to be inside doing housework, while the dark Negroes worked in the fields, under extraneous work conditions,”their dark-toned peers toiled in the fields”(Maxwell). From the early 1800’s to modern day, there is controversy that light or bi-racial African Americans are better than dark colored African Americans. African Americans had to go through tests to see if they were able to receive priviledges that white people received,”light-skinned African Amerians receive special priviledges based off of their skin shade”(Maxwell). If an African American did not receive the priviledges similar to white people then they would try to change themselves to fit in,”African Americans are using bleaching creams so that they can make their skin lighter , just to achieve the standard beauty”(Brooke). As much as one will not one to discuss this topic, statistics shows how people are more lenient towards light and fair skin tones.Light oor fair coloredAmericans that poseess Caucasian features are prefiebly preffered.
In the Documentary “Dark Girls” directed by Bill Duke, The women were the ones expressing their stories on how they were judged and picked on because of their skin tone. On the flip side the men were being
For centuries, the media, has portrayed all races in a certain way. Characters and actors are defined by the color of their skin in movies and TV shows. Slavery can be a result of race and ethnicity issues. Slavery changed the image of how blacks was viewed in society. Slavery not only changed how Europeans viewed African Americans but it changed how they viewed themselves. With the power that they had acquired over blacks shaped how society view them as well. This was a result of viewing Europeans as “white” and others that are not white as “black”. With the incoming immigrants coming from all different countries other than Europe, they had to found a way to classify them easily. This resulted in the creation of “whites”. All races were combined and defined by their colors with them teaming together. The abolition of slavery increased the line and differences between races. Races could ban together to get what they want for everybody who could identify similarly to
It is sad to know that we cohabit a nation where you are frowned upon because of the content of your skin. This documentary depicts adolescent Black/ African American girl and boys, and women talking about their melanin. Society imposed on us that to be beautiful you must be of a fairly light complexion, have a sculpted body, perfect bone structure, and have nice non-kinky hair. This image has been imbedded in our society, and resulted in those in the Black/ African American community feeling as is they are ugly, non lovable, unwanted, not smart, less than, lacking self confidence, and wishing that they can change their skin tone (by bleaching) to be accepted and to be considered beautiful.
“Black, white and brown are merely skin colors. But we attach to them meanings and assumptions, even laws that create enduring social inequality.”(Adelman and Smith 2003). When I first heard this quote in this film, I was not surprised about it. Each human is unique compared to the other; however, we are group together based on uncontrollable physical characteristics. Eyes, hair texture, and skin tone became a way to separate who belongs where. Each group was labeled as having the same traits. African Americans were physically superior, Asians were the more intellectual race, and Indians were the advanced farmers. Certain races became superior to the next and society shaped their hierarchy on what genes you inherited.
Race is a social construct because the existence of race requires that people collectively agree and accept that it does exist. It typically works through race indicators which are used to indicate which race you are, and consequently what sort of status you have in society. The Thomas Theorem is a theory that states “If men (and women) define situations as real, they are real in their consequences”, meaning the interpretation of an event causes the action. White privilege is institutionalized when the practices and policies of an institution systematically benefit whites at the expense of other racial groups. Peggy McIntosh published an article entitled “White privilege: Unpacking the invisible knapsack”, which names in very clear ways, how everyday, having white skin confers privileges that white people don’t often realize they receive.
Racial stereotypes have always invaded films, from the earliest silent film, to the most modern film production. Stereotypes in early America had significant influence over how other viewed African Americans, Latinos, Asians etc. The most stereotyped race in history is the black male. In most early films, they were portrayed as simple minded and careless individuals, but when African Americans started to stand up for themselves films portrayed them as more savage and bloodthirsty.
Have you ever been discriminated against simply because your skin is darker than the next person? Have you ever been told by someone that “your pretty for a dark skin girl or boy?” Have you ever been racist toward your own race? Since long before we or our parents were born, the black community has faced this problem of racism within the same race. In the black community, it is said that if a person has a lighter skin complexion, then they are superior to those with a darker skin complexion.
Racial profiling within the media can be seen and directed at all races and ethnicities. Although, there are many common ideologies specifically targeting mixed race individuals that are significant due to how ironic they are in demonstrating the repressive and regressive ideologies within our society, through a group that should represent the opposite. Some such ideologies are that of "the dark skin vs. light skin complex", and the importance of the use of physical features to determine ethnicity/character. Commencing with the colour controversy that has emerged within media outlets, such as Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook, in order to establish beauty standards based on skin colou, the dispute of light skin versus dark skin is evidentially based off remnants of the racist hierarchy that once existed and was thought to be abolished within Canada(Adekunle & Williams, 2010; "Light Skin Vs. Dark," 2014; "Mixed Race," n.d.; Pears, 2013). Surprisingly, the most prominent group of individuals on the side of light skin would be mixed race people, who through starting this debate are promoting what the cultural unison of their existence had begun to remove(Adekunle & Williams, 2010; "Light Skin Vs. Dark," 2014; "Mixed
Racism against the Black community though in the past continues to influence the self-esteem of the victimized individual, affecting their thoughts and actions towards themselves. The effects of stratification of skin color in Blacks that existed during slavery linger into today’s society. Preferential treatment was given to lighter pigmented slaves, who were often children of the slave master and an enslaved. Preference to lighter skin by Blacks is given in part because of positive attributes associated with the particular skin tone throughout history. Skin color is of many meanings to Blacks; some wear their skin color with pride, while others see theirs as “mark[s] of oppression. Research on skin color preferences among African Americans indicated that the more satisfied ...
In the late 1700s, England revolutionized the world by creating machines. These machines caused factories to be built which then caused the need for workers. However during this time those workers were not treated well by the factory owners. Kids starting working at sometimes ages as low as 5 years old, and hours were very long. However, these factory workers weren't the only people who were treated bad, about 100 years into the future, 1885 to be exact, the Germans were holding a meeting called the Berlin Conference. This "meeting" discussed rules on basically how the Europeans were going to invade Africa, and what the rules were for doing it. Africans were killed, raped and separated from their tribes. That is why Africans were treated worse
Many may agree with the old saying that “beauty is only skin deep,” but does beauty come in a particular shade of color? This question is very debatable for many, but the fact of the matter is that human beings are born in array of skin tones. These differences in skin tone are used to categorize people into different ethnic groups. Lopez proposes that“ethnic identity is a type of group identity that is related to a better outcome because it provides a sense of belonging or cultural embeddedness.”(p.102) Dr. Ronald Hall (2006) suggests that in America minorities or people of color are called black in relative terms to the majority who are of European descent i.e. white. Some studies have discovered that a more “ethnic appearance” is usually assessed by a darker skin color i.e, black and is associated with a worse outcome in life (Lopez, 2008) In contrast, beauty, wealth and overall appeal are associated with physiological proximity to the white power structure i.e., light skin. (Hall, 2006) It appears as though desirable skin complexions are culturally relative.
Society and media play a huge role in why this colorism between different shades of black exists.