Libels Vs Slander In Criminal Law

“A person is liable for slander if that person intentionally says that someone is a thief when she knows it is not true” is a matter that comes under the states’ own constitutions and the law procedure for this slander differs from state to state. Every state has its own discretion as to what is libel or slander, and therefore, every state has its own jurisdiction in the matter. Some states keep both the libels and slanders under the same law books and prosecute according to the criminal law. However, some states have altogether different laws for the two matters and perform its jurisdiction accordingly. The law comes under the states’ list of law matters and therefore, the federal system does not deal with slanders, libels and defamations,

until done by a state or the federation itself. At the federal level, there are no criminal defamation laws or insult lawsuits operational in the United States. However, almost 17 states and two territories recognize criminal defamation laws. Therefore, the matters of defamation comes under the scope of state laws.

“To be valid, a contract for the sale of real estate must be in writing” comes under the concurrent list of laws, in which both the federation and the states can order a discretion.

If a written contract is in place for a real estate deal, then both the federation and the state jurisdiction are responsible for protecting the rights of the petitioner and giving a judgement in light of justice. However, some states even allow an oral contract to be in place for real estate deals. Most of the states do not find it to be an appropriate ground for issuing a decision on the matter. What is to be observed here is that oral contracts are not enforceable and even though they can be recognized by both the parties as well as a few states, it is unenforceable under law. So, for a contract for real estate buying and selling should be in written format to be enforceable under the law of the

land.

“Trucks traveling on interstate highways must be equipped with concave mud flaps” comes under the federal law, as it includes the transaction between states and therefore, cannot be judged by any state whatsoever. However, the laws dealing with intrastate laws are defined by the states themselves and can be amended and modified as per the need and requirement. Concave mud flaps in the trucks travelling on interstate highways makes the journey of the fellow travelers more convenient and safe and therefore, the law of the trucks being equipped with such flaps should be enforceable. However, what is to be noted here is that the interstate highways are not the property of any state and are indeed the property of the federation as a whole, and therefore, the federation has to play a role in designing the laws and rules in such territory. Hence, regulations on the travel on interstate highways comes under the federal administration.

“No employer with ten or more employees may discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin” comes under the federal jurisdiction, as discrimination by an employer on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin is a violation of the fundamental right of a citizen to equality of opportunity.

The Bill of Rights in the constitution of the USA clearly defines that no person should be discriminated on the basis of aforementioned reasons. If any violation of the law is observed, then it becomes the duty of the federal administration and jurisdiction to protect the constitutional right of the individual. In this case, even if the state wants, it cannot provide protection or exception to the discriminator. Therefore, any constitutional right comes under the federal

list.

“A manufacturer of inherently dangerous products will be liable for any defective product that causes injury” is a matter of product liability and breach of consumer safety law. There are laws which define the product liability and breach of warranties. The law requires that a product meets the expectations of the consumer and also ensure the safety of the consumer. The manufacturer is liable to provide guarantee of security to its customers, but the law of the states govern the matter. Due to this discrepancy in the rules varying from state to state, some states are more preferable to the manufacturing industry while some are not. However, there is no product liability law at the federal level. A set of commercial statutes in place in every state which are governed by the Uniform Commercial code. Therefore, product liability matters come under the state list.