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Risk factors of zoonotic disease
Zoonotic infection
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Leptospirosis
My bug was the Leptospira interrogans which causes Leptopspirosis.
Some of the common names of this bug are Weil’s Disease, Mud Fever, Fort Bragg fever,
and Swamp Fever.
This particular bug will manifest in the kidney and in the liver. It can in its most severe form cause kidney failure, heart failure, and shock. This bacteria, L.interrogans, multiplies inside of the organs, generally it is in the kidney, liver, CNS. L. interrogans is normally a zoonosis, and is found commonly in dogs, cattle, and swine. It is generally transmitted through contact of the infected urine. Since the L. interrogans is shed in the urine, it is easy for cattle pens, water supplies, and etc. to be easily contaminated. Many times Leptospirosis is caused from contaminated water, semen from bulls, and contaminated feed.
The shape of the L. interrogans is a spiral one. It is flexible with hooked ends that make it look very similar to a question mark. It also has internal flagella. The size is around 5um.
The gram stain reaction of L. interrogans is gram negative. To stain this bacteria you must use a relatively new staining technique termed immunofluorescence which uses a ultraviolet light to identify its staining. You can also use an older technique that is very time consuming, which is silver staining.
There are only a few diseases caused by L. interrogans. These are Weil’s Disease, a severe form of leptospirosis. And of course there is Leptospirosis. These are diseases in which kidney and liver failure is very common. Both can cause jaundice, and cardiovascular collapse. Both have symptoms like the flu. They can cause fever, chill, severe headache, and meningitis in humans. L. interrogans enter the human body through broken skin and mucosa. It is generally found in excreted urine from those infected animals.
This bacteria is in no way apart of the human bodies normal flora.
It is a foreign substance that is opportunistic, but not related to the “normal” flora.
L.interrogans can not grow in temperatures exceeding 36 degrees Celsius. If it is frozen or dried it quickly kills the bacteria. However it can grow up to six months in moist and warm conditions, such as swamps and etc.
L.interrogans is not used for any genetic engineering, in my resources. However it does kill cattle, and can cause abortions in cattle.
One bacterium was gram negative. It underwent four different tests. These tests were the EMB test (Eosin Mehylene Blue), the Sulfur Indole Motility (SIM) test, the Urease test, and the Simmon’s Citrate Utilization test. The EMB test checks for a bacteria’s ability to ferment lactose. This test is accomplished by placing the bacteria on Eosin Methylene Blue agar. The agar is selective for gram negative bacteria and those bacteria that can ferment lactose will have colored growth, usually a metallic green sheen.
After rigorous evaluations of the extensive data submitted by AquaBounty Technologies by the scientists at FDA. FDA says that the genetic engineering is safe for the fish and for consumption as the inserted genes will remain stable over several generations of fish.
L. pneumophila has a very wide range of effects. Healthy individuals usually go through an asymptomatic seroconversion, while less healthy people may undergo Pontiac Fever or Legionnaires’ Disease (LD). In 1968, employees at the county health department in Pontiac, Michigan came down with a fever, but the responsible pathogen was not identified at the time. It was frozen and later diagnosed as L. pneumophila. Pontiac Fever, being milder than LD, generally does not need treatment. Infected individuals will show fever, muscle aches, and headaches, and usually recover between 2-5 days. Pontiac Fever will present symptoms anywhere from a couple of hours to a couple of days after exposure, while LD takes 2-10 days to incubate. LD patients have fever, chills and a cough, with x-rays showing pneumonia. This more severe form usually prevails in elderly, cigarette smokers, people with chronic lung disease, or those who are immunocompromised, such as cancer or AIDS patients.
This parasite is spread through the bite of sandflies. There are three different types of infections and they each show varying degrees of severity. The cutaneous form produces mild skin ulcers, mucocutaneous produces ulcers in the mouth and nose, and the visceral form of the disease starts with skin ulcers and then fever, low red blood cell count, and an enlarged spleen and liver. The parasite is detected by a microscope and visceral can also be found by doing blood tests. 12 million people are in infected in 98 different countries and 2 million new cases are found every year. The disease also kills around 20 to 50 thousand people a year.
Bacillus anthracis or anthrax is bacteria that infect thousands of people a year worldwide. Mostly found in the hinds and hair of grazing animals like cattle and sheep, the bacteria can stay dormant for years until contacted. Contact can occur through broken skin, eating infected meat, or inhaling infected dust from hides through the mouth or nostrils. Normal contact through the skin begins forming malignant skin ulcers that are dark black in appearance. If left untreated, the blisters lead to blood poisoning and eventually death. Eating contaminated meat not fully cooked can cause intestinal infection also leading to death. Surprisingly, many people survive contact of the skin and very few cases of intestinal infection exist. However, inhalation of infected dust or spores are much more deadly because the symptoms resemble a common cold...
I. Heartworm Disease is a very serious disease that affects and kills thousands of dogs each year. II. I would like to share some important information about this disease, especially if you are an owner or plan to become an owner of a dog. III. I am the owner of a beautiful mix breed named Cocoa.
Genetic engineering has been around for many years and is widely used all over the planet. Many people don’t realize that genetic engineering is part of their daily lives and diet. Today, almost 70 percent of processed foods from a grocery store were genetically engineered. Genetic engineering can be in plants, foods, animals, and even humans. Although debates about genetic engineering still exist, many people have accepted due to the health benefits of gene therapy.
...ere have been many cases in which trichinellosis were found in homemade sausages and jerkies (CDC, 1997-2001).
The true hosts of M. bovis are cattle but disease has been reported also in many other domesticated and non-domesticated animals (buffaloes, sheep, goats, camels, pigs, equines a...
Lymphocytic chorlomeningitis (LCM) is a viral infectious disease that can be found in small rodents. This virus can also pass from rodent to human. LCM can be shed in urine, feces and saliva of infected animals. Humans become infected from cleaning the areas of an infected rodent. Not all rodents may show signs of them being infected, yet still pass the virus on. This can be prevented with good hygiene.
Owning a dog comes with risk and with those risk are diseases, Leptospriosis is one of those diseases. Leptospirosis “has been attributed to more than 200 pathogenic serovars from the genus Leptospira” (Raghavan).” This disease brings deaths to dogs across the world every year and can be prevented by proper care and proper knowledge of the disease. The disease is not always prevalent in symptoms but the canine is the primary carrier of this disease, creating a large problem with minimal to do about controlling it. With a seasonal prevalence of canine leptospirosis cases, the disease can be evaluated and applied to future procedural warnings for owners.
Freezing foods (to 10.4°F/–12°C) and cooking foods to an internal temperature of 152°F/67°C to kill the cyst.
moniliformis is found primarily in rats flora of their upper respiratory tract. In cultures, the organism is found in the nasopharnyx, larynx, upper trachea, and middle ear. The bacteria can be contracted by bite, handling of the rodent or by exposure to its excreta or saliva. S. moniliformis is also found in mice, guinea pigs, gerbils and ferrets.
“Leptospirosis” is one of the zoonotic diseases which is caused by pathogenic Leptospira species. These are transmitted from reservoir hosts (especially rodents) to humans via water contaminated by infected animals. This disease can be seen mostly in tropical and subtropical countries and has a momentous impact on public health throughout the developing world. This genus family ...