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Medical causes of obesity
Medical causes of obesity
Causes and effects of obesity
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In recent years, obesity has increased all the world which leads to an increase in the awareness of obesity’s side effect. There are several ways for obesity treatment such as diet, drugs, exercise, and surgical treatment. However, some of these treatments have side effect. Therefore, it is important to find a safe and effective way to control body weight. This can be the consumption of Lactobacillus gasseri.
Several researches were done to examine the effect of Lactobacillus gasseri on rats. Sato et al. (2008) investigated the effect of L. gasseri on adipocyte size and serum lipid and adipocytokine concentrations in rats. The results showed that L. gasseri had decreased the size of visceral adipose tissue in rats. Yun et al. (2009) examined the effect of Lactobacillus gasseri that derived from human breast milk on blood glucose levels and body weight in mice with type 2 diabetes. Results from study showed that Lactobacillus gasseri lowered blood
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The Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change) framework was developed by Prochaska and DiClemente in the late 1970s to investigate why some smokers could quit smoking on their own and the other needed help (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1982). There are a total of six constructs which are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. In this study, participants will complete questionnaires to determine their stage of change readiness. Then, the data will be analyzed based on the participants’ stage and the amount of weight lost to examine if there is a relationship between them. As far as the researcher knows, no experimental studies have used theory in studying the effect of L. gasseri on human. The research study’s methodology, research design, measures, procedures, and protection of human subjects are presented in Chapter
For example, if a person had been able to consume lactose products for their life with no problems, but in an unfortunate event had to have a portion of his or her small intestine removed, there would be a change in the number of present lactase enzymes in the stomach. Because the lactase enzyme is stored in the small intestine, the person may now experience lactose intolerance due to the decrease in the presence of lactase. Knowing where the lactase enzyme is stored can aid physicians in understanding what will happen after a procedure or the introduction of a new medication. The experiment was conducted to determine the optimal ph of lactose required to produce the maximum amount of glucose. It was predicted that the optimal ph of lactose would be most efficient at lactose ph 6, and that the lower the ph, the amount of glucose produced would increase
Lactase is an enzyme found in the digestive system. It is essential to the complete digestion of sugar in whole milk and milk products. Lactase specifically breaks down lactose, a complex sugar. Lactase cannot be absorbed by the body unless it is broken down by lactase into glucose and galactose. According to webMD, “Lacking lactase in their intestines, a person consuming dairy products may experience the symptoms of lactose intolerance…Abdominal cramping, flatulence (gas) and diarrhea can occur when a lactose intolerant person consumes milk products.” ("Lactase Enzyme oral : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD", n.d.) Lactase is not recommended for use in CHILDREN younger than 4 years of age. Safety and effectiveness in this age group have not been confirmed. (Kluwer, 2014)
The health consequences of smoking have become evident since early 1960s and numerous techniques to help smokers to become nonsmokers have started to develop. "The Behavioral Aspects of Smoking", a report of the Surgeon General first published in 1979 talks in detail about methods aided to assist smokers in the process of cessation. Sometimes it is very hard to decide which intervention strategy is the best and most useful because they vary from gimmicks to formal programs and clinics.
The Transtheoretical Model was developed by Prochaska and DiClemente in the 1970s, it took shape after studies were analyzed that observed the experiences of smokers who quit without intervention versus those needing treatment. It was concluded that individuals stopped smoking only when they were ready to. Following this observation, the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) centers on the decision-making of the individual person and is a model of intentional change. The TTM works on the assumption that individuals don’t alter behaviors abruptly and conclusively. Instead a change in behavior, particularly habitual behavior, happens continuously via a cyclical process. The TTM is a model, as opposed to a theory; therefore different behavioral theories and constructs can be applied to various phases of the model where they can be effective (Glanz et al., 2008).The TTM also incorporates a list of outcome variables: decisional balance, self-efficacy, behaviors and any other psychosocial or biological variables that might help to describe the specific area of change.
Sherman during MNE module (Metabolism, Nutrition & Endocrinology). In the lecture, Dr. Sherman discussed potential causes of obesity that one may not have control over—use of antibiotics in children that affects gut biome, maternal diet content during pregnancy, hormonal causes of overeating despite the successful attempt at weight loss. Dr. Sherman also highlighted how challenging it is for an obese individual to lose weight through exercising due to reasons listed
Encyclopaedia of Children’s (2013) stated that smoking is a form of inhalation of smoking from different forms of tobacco which include cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. Cancer Research (2012) and the World Health Organisation (2013) have confirmed that most tobacco products contain very high level of nicotine which can have additive effect and are made from tobacco leaf which are s...
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) is a group of bacteria that is characterised by the production of lactic acid during the fermentation process of carbohydrates. They are further characterised as anaerobic, Gram positive bacteria that are also catalase negative and non-motile. In terms of morphology they are either rod-shaped (bacilli) or spherical (cocci). In addition, they all ferment carbohydrates and hydrolyse arginine. This group consists of six genera of bacteria – Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus,
Is there any food on earth that can provide the PERFECT nutrition to a human? Yes, and it is breast milk. Breast milk is the perfect nutrition. This superior food contains hormones, live antibacterial and antiviral cells and essential fatty acids (What Makes Human Milk Special?, Mar-Apr 2006). All of which are helpful in protecting against any harm. Sicknesses in infants are lowered by the help that breast milk gives. Breastfed children are sick less often than children who aren’t breastfed (What Makes Human Milk Special?, Mar-Apr 2006). Breast milk contains all the nutrients that an infant needs as it continues to grow. When the child is brought into the world it has no way to fight off any d...
These two cultures are used to ferment lactose, or milk sugar, in order to produce lactic acid. As the lactic acid continues to increase, the pH levels in the yogurt lower. This helps cause milk clots that begin to form the yogurt. The fat that comes in yogurt comes from the amount of milk utilized in the mixture. Thus, the more milk added in the more fatty the product will be. As previously stated, the metabolic pathway of yogurt is lactic acid fermentation. This pathway is where glucose or other six carbon molecules are broken down and converted into cellular energy. The starting point for this remains glycolysis, where glucose is split into pyruvate, followed by the reduction of pyruvate to lactate. The lactic acid formed during this process allows the changes to
In like manner, an extensive number of persons are not aware of the real effects that smoking could provoke to their well-being. A high amount of individuals usually employs cigarettes to decrease eating anxiety. Consequently, from the smoker’s perspective also helps in weight loss and metabolism’ speed. However, the reality is that a harmful substance called Nicotine is the responsibility of those effects. Nevertheless, this is not a foolproof option because when they stop smoking, they usually gain weight back even faster than the
Probiotic foods have long been known among other fermented milk products by lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium) as yoghurt, Yakult, acidophilus milk, and others. Probiotic products proven to provide health benefits and therapeutic. This benefit is obtained as a result of carrying bacteria live in the digestive tract that can improve the composition of intestinal microflora leading to the dominance of bacteria that are beneficial to health when consumed in sufficient quantities (Prangdimurti, 2001).
Every day we are learning more about the connection between diseases and the importance of healthy microbiota. In order for our body to be in top health, we need to make sure the microbiome in the gut is balanced with good bacteria. “The microbiome is a community of microscopic organisms. Trillions of tiny bacteria that live in our intestines and influence every facet of health” (Tweed). To help create the balance, we have the availability to take probiotics which are living bacteria that go to our gut and ensure our health. Anyone can take a probiotic and it is important to do so. Probiotics are very effective in restoring a healthy gut, improving overall health and sustaining life.
Obesity occurs in all countries and it is one of the gravest problems in modern society. Obesity problems have become one matter of concern for individuals all around the world. What is more is that Obesity rates continue to rise all around the world. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. Obesity is also due to lack of exercise and lack of education and awareness. Therefore obesity has various effects including the risk of suffering from a range of health conditions, increased expenditure on health care and lack of self-esteem.
Scientists and health officials have been arguing the detrimental effects smoking has on our health for many years. Smoking can lead to serious complications including asthma, pancreas, lung and stomach cancer due to the large number of carcinogens (cancer causing chemicals) and other various substances added to it. It is a health hazard for both smokers and non-smokers and it is especially harmful to unborn babies. Although smokers claim that it helps them to relax and release stress, the negative aspects of the habit take over the positive. As it has been stressed by the scientists and experts, there are some very severe reasons of smoking but its crucial consequences should also be taken into consideration.
Smoking is one of the dangerous habits that people perform in their lives. This habit affects the health and causes several diseases, such as lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary disease (Institute of Medicine, 2012). In the family I visited, the father is a smoker. He strongly approves with the idea of smoking while the mother strongly disapproves the idea of smoking. Both of them know that smoking is harmful to the smoker, but the father does not know that smoking is harmful for other people who are called: second hand smokers. In addition, the father was at the age of 15 when he started smoking cigarettes. There is more than one reason that pushed the father to start smoking when he was a teenager. One of these reasons is copying the behavior of his father. He believes it would be difficult for him to give up smoking. I agree that quit of smoking is difficult since cigarettes contain nicotine, which is more addictive than heroin and also smoking becomes part of his daily routine (Giovanni, 2012).