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Definition of culture
What is a culture
Diversity in different cultures
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Anthropologists and other social scientists world wide define the concept of culture as “a set of learned behaviours and ideas that humans acquire as members of society” (Lavenda & Schultz, 2008). Culture plays an absolutely imperative role in who we, as human beings, are as a distinct species. Within the confines of the complex social structures of the world, culture allows humans (and groups of humans) to effectively express themselves. Humans also utilize culture to systematically adapt and alter the environments that surround them (Lavenda & Schultz, 2008). Culture truly is a fascinating thing, as it is the most defining feature that distinguishes Homo sapiens from other biological animal species. One of the most significant components of culture is the deeply intricate idea of language. Language, as a cultural marker, has received more recognition and analysis than seemingly any other aspect of culture (Currie & Mace, 2012). The extensive use of ;anguage serves to help shape the identity of cultures and acts as a main facilitator for cultural diversity. These implications that language possesses carry a broad significance with regards to how humans go about their lives. The concept of language, due to its function as symbolic system of communication, performs an incredibly important purpose in shaping who we are as diversely cultural human beings, and will continue to have effect as we progress into the future. Through the analysis of what language is as an entity, how language directly connects to culture and cognitive thought, and how it greatly impacts variation in human culture, one can better understand the importance of language within the broad contexts of cultural diversity.
Language is by no means a simplistic conc...
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...to thoroughly observe how language substantially contributes to cultural diversity. The diversity that language exudes can be present in a variety of forms. Languages employ tones, clicks, ocular signs, and other types of general sounds to indicate difference in meaning (Baronchelli et al, 2012 p.1). Cultures use disparate combinations of these communicative components to mold and refine their diverse forms of language. Scholars and researchers alike now acknowledge the fact that languages are an ever-evolving piece of the cultural experience. The foundations of language are now seen to be shaped, altered, and refined by the societies that use them. (Dale & Lupyan, 2012 p.1). This concept of constant linguistic evolution greatly contributes to the cultural diversity that language facilitates, as two language will never, at any point in time, become truly identical.
Language is our power and expression is our freedom. Through a puff of air, we are able to communicate and influence the environments that surround us. Over the course of time humans have evolved, but by the means of language, humans have matured into humanity. The possibility of thought and emotions such as empathy show the ability to think with complexity. A crucial element that helps Suzanne K. Langer’s illustrate the essence of humanity throughout her essay “Language and Thought.” Langer thoroughly depicts what sets humans apart from the rest of the animal kingdom by explicitly stating “The line between man and beast […] is the language line” (120). Consequently, this implies that if a person is declined the freedom of language they are hardly considered human. Many people around the globe have had their voices silenced due to corrupt governments and the oppression of their culture. These individuals are subjected to the devastating effects of the loss of language, which in turn, translates to the loss of power. Language is our foundation for hopes and opportunity, for with out it a person is shell of possibility that is subjected to a passive existence.
As anthropologists seek to understand the culture that they are studying they must overcome the language barrier. Similar to the concept of culture, “people use language to encode their experiences, to structure their understanding of the world and themselves, and engage with on...
The prehistoric times stand evidence to the power of language as a tool for communication and growth. Language has proven to be an effective medium and factor surrounding the evolution of man. Language has played a big role in the development of individuals and societies. What is spoken and/or written, help in the initiation of imagination, expression of feelings, and conveyance of thoughts and ideas.
Culture can be defined as customary beliefs or ways of an origin. Characteristics that can define culture are that culture is learned, shared, based on symbols, integrated and is dynamic (EarthLink). Culture is something that can be passed down from generation to generation, it is not inherited or in our genes. We are taught culture from everyone around us and being taught culture means we will share it as well. Starting from young ages, elders of family and friends share their experiences and knowledge of the culture. Symbols can be different from all other cultures. All symbols have meaning behind them such as their language, artistic pieces and in some cases, currency. Integration of culture is known as holism, or the various parts of culture being interconnected (EarthLink). Every aspect of culture must all be learned to understand the complete meaning within the culture. Not everything within a culture can stay the same, it can adapt to the new times and changes within the society.
Culture is an aspect of everyone's life. It helps others to understand another person's beliefs and actions. There are multiple cultures in the world which are opposed to their own kind seeking help for a mental illness. There is an infinite number of cultures that are represented in the United States. “Many cultural and religious teachings often influence beliefs about the origins and nature of mental illness, and shape attitudes towards the mentally ill.” (1). One's cultural beliefs can make them think about whether or not they should seek to get help for a mental illness. Among the cultures around the world and particularly in the US, many Asian cultures do not want the community members to be receiving help for their mental illness. In these cultures mental illness is seen as shameful, because these cultures influence the “conformity to norms, emotional self-control, and family recognition through achievement.” (1). There are many cultural factors that play a role in whether or not a person will receive therapy. These factors include: language, level of acculturation, age, gender, occupational issues, family structure, religious beliefs, and traditional beliefs about mental health (2). Language limits the access of therapy. If a person living in the United States does not speak English very well, it could influence them to not seek therapy. There is a large focus on “in-group/out-group” in many Asian cultures, as in everyone who is in the family/community around them are in the “in-group” and everyone else who is not like them are in the “out-group.”
Woolard, Kathryn A. “ Language Variation and Cultural Hegemony: Toward an Integration of Sociolinguistic and Social Theory.” American Ethnologist. Vol. 12, No. 4 (November 1985), pp. 738-748. 31 May 2010. Print.
Sociolinguists such as Eckert (2000) and Milroy (2004) have made provocative efforts to incorporate linguistic-anthropological concepts into sociolinguistic explanation (Woolard, 2008) and foundational studies by Creese (2008) include major works describing the paradigm. Rampton (2007), described the methodological tenants behind LE. LE research is yet a developing discipline that serves as a way of enriching a fundamentally linguistic project. In fact, the formulation of LE covers a large and older body of scholarship on language and culture (Rampton, Maybin, & Roberts, 2014), while simultaneously necessitating and interdisciplinary collaboration of theories and skills, thus blurring the boundaries between branches of variationist, sociological and ethnographic sociolinguistics (Tusting & Maybin, 2007). LE research on language change (Ekert, 2000) and a cultural model of cognition (Levinson, 1996) are worthwhile examples. However, the examples in the following sections serve more as a focus on contributions of LE to the field of
Language is an essential thing needed to communicate and to develop the skills one needs to be a complete, whole, intelligent individual. Language is what separates us from the rest of the animal kingdom. Here we shall define language and lexicon, evaluate the key features of language, describe the four levels of language structure and processing, and analyze the role of language processing in cognitive psychology.
Linguist anthropology focuses on the multifaceted relationship between language and culture” (Smith, Young 13). Cultural anthropology is a very common anthropology subdivision. It is still misunderstood and not many people know much about it. Cultural anthropology is also called sociocultural anthropology. “The term “sociocultural” is a combination of the words society and culture and is often used as a shorthand for the two. Cultural anthropology is divided in its own subdivisions: social, political, and economic anthropology, human or cultural ecology, anthropology of religion, anthropology of art, medical anthropology, legal anthropology, and ethnoscience or cognitive anthropology (Smith, Young 15). Culture is “the shared knowledge, beliefs and patterns for behavior, the resulting behavior, and the resulting material products” (Smith, Young 19). In my own words, different cultures are different languages, ethnicity, beliefs, and ways of living and life. Important components of culture include language, ethnicity, religion, and occupation. “Thus, culture in our definition is partly a symbolic phenomenon that exists in the mind and a code of sorts that governs the way we act in particular
Each culture has their own set of symbols with different experiences and perceptions. A symbol represents a nation, a country, rules, xan represent everything.The meaning of a symbol is not literal or instinctive, the people of the culture must interpret and share the meaning of the symbol with the next generations. Some are represented by nonverbal language, while others are represented by objects. However, the most powerful symbol is language. Language is a verbal and written representations , which convinces the world of a meaning. It is important for the continuity of the culture and crucial for the communication. Although language is part of our culture, people should not deny themselves the opportunity to learn other languages. In Canada, a group of French people refuse to learn English, this being the official language of this country, for fear of losing their cultural
According to Hofstede’s (1980), ‘culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another… culture in the sense, includes systems of values: and values are among the building blocks of culture.’ It is necessary to determine how culture impacts our communication behavior as culture directly influences our perception and understanding of the message that is transmitted from one party to another. People from different cultures encode and decode messages differently; this therefore increases the chances of misunderstanding. Intercultural communication refers to interactions between people whose cultural assumptions are so different that the communication between them is altered. Verderber, Verderber, & Sellnow, (2010).
Language is a part of our everyday lives, and we can describe the meaning of language in many ways. As suggested in Gee and Hayes (2011, p.6 ) people can view language as something in our minds or something existing in our world in the form of speech, audio recordings, and writings or we can view language as a way of communicating with a group of people. Language can be used to express our emotions, make sense of our mental and abstract thoughts and assists us in communicating with others around us. Language is of vital importance for children to enable them to succeed in school and everyday life. Everyone uses both oral and written language. Language developed as a common ability amongst human beings with the change
Languages are continually changing and developing, and these changes occur in many different ways and for a variety of reasons. Language change is detectable to some extent in all languages, and ‘similar paths of change’ can be recognised in numerous unrelated languages (Bybee, 2015, p. 139). Since users of language all over the world have ‘the same mental processes’ and ‘use communication for the same or very similar ends’ (Bybee, 2015, p. 1), similar changes occur on the same linguistic aspects, and in many cases these changes produce similar results in multiple languages. However, language change is limited by the function it performs. Languages must be learnt to such an extent which allows communication between the generation above and below one’s own (McMahon, 1994, p. 5). Hence language change is a gradual, lethargic process, as only small changes in
Humans have been communicating since four million years. On the other hand, the birth of culture is estimated to have taken place about 35,000 years ago. Today, both culture and communication have evolved considerably and have become interdependent of one another, to the point that communication is considered to be a product of culture. Thus, our own culture has a deep impact on our thoughts and behaviors. Since each culture has its distinct aspects, intercultural communication can be the cause of conflict and disorder. There are three main issues which are at the root of the problem of intercultural miscommunication : language as a barrier, cultural diversity and ethnocentrism. I will analyze these three notions in situations in which intercultural communication is frequent such as : the workplace, the classroom and vacation trips.
Culture is an important concept in anthropology. Culture is defined as, "sets of learned behavior and ideas that human beings acquire as members of society. Human beings use culture to adapt to and transform the world in which they live." (LS:512). Culture has been used in anthropology to understand human difference, but within this understanding there have been benefits and drawbacks to the ideas of culture. Finally, the study of language and humans as symbol using creatures helps us have perspectives on different parts of the world. All anthropologists share a certain reliance on culture to have a starting point in understanding human experience as a whole.