The film “La Ciociara” is a wartime portrayal of citizens in Italy. “La Ciociara” begins with the two women, Rosetta and her mother, Cerisa, who are in the city of Rome when a bomb goes off. The historical context of the bomb is the Allied bombing of Rome during World War II. During World War II, Italy joins Germany part of the Axis powers to fight against the Allies. In the reading by Merriman on WWII, we learn that, “Benito Mussolini had already signed a pact with Hitler on October 1936 forming what the Italian dictator called an ‘Axis’” (Merriman, 1050). This pact would soon serve importance between the two sides that formed during the global war that spread on an “unprecedented scale” (Merriman, 1065). The film takes place while Europe is an uncontrolable battleground of WWII. At the beginning of the film, Rosetta is scared because of the violence of war and she she is cries in her mother's arms. Subsequently, Cerisa declares that they will leave Rome to seek safety. Cerisa has her friend watch their house while she escapes Rome to find shelter …show more content…
somewhere safer. Rosetta and Cerisa take off on a train and while on their way to the countryside, they meet some German soldiers on the train and ask when the war is going to be over. The Germans laugh and say around Christmas, but Cerisa is upset because that is six months away. Their first stop the two women take is to an old woman’s house in the mountains, where followers of Mussolini come looking for the old woman’s sons but, she tells them that her children are at war to protect them. Meanwhile, they are hiding in the bushes to avoid being taken away. The men are very rude and uptight with Rosetta and Cerisa, as they ask her why she doesn't stay in Fondi, while one of the men is trying to touch Rosetta on the face. This scene can be a foreshadow of the violence between men and the two women that is to come later in the film. Rosetta is extremely uncomfortable, but the man puts his hands on her again. This moment represents how men showed superiority over women and how this will happen again, especially because the two women are beautiful. Cerisa is worried that the men will come back and wants to protect her daughter, so they decide to continue their trip. As the two women are walking away from the old woman’s house, a plane flies over their head, which shows that the war is still in full swing and they must still seek refuge. Rosetta and Cerisa get scared, but keep walking after they see the old man that they asked for help dead on the side of the road. At this moment the two women that they must save themselves before they worry about others. At their next stop, Rosetta and Cerisa meet Michele, who is an anti-fascist scholar. Michele does not agree with Mussolini, which is looked down upon to those who are devout nationalist followers in Italy. Those who are followers of Mussolini believe in fighting for their country and becoming better soldiers for the entirety of their nation, but those who are against the war take the opposite stance. Rosetta takes a liking to Michele, which could be in part because she does not have a masculine figure in her life and Michele fills this void. As the film plays on, Cerisa and Michele catch feelings for eachother and at one point they even begin to kiss. Later, Michele is taken by soldiers and Rosetta is upset, because she is going to miss him, but he says he will be back that night. As it turns out, Michele does not come back, but rather he dies while being held captive with the Germans. After Michele leaves, Cerisa decides that it is time to go back to Rome, because German occupation has ended. The two women make their way back to Rome, but tragedy occurs on the way back.
The two women are raped in a church by French-Moroccan soldiers, who see no sympathy whatsoever for the women. After the soldiers leave, the two women look beaten down and traumatized. Cerisa holds Rosetta in her arms, but she has absolutely no emotion in her face, the soldiers have hurt her to the point where she is unable to address her feelings. Instead, she rebels against her mom by going out late at night on their way back to Rome. While her mother thinks that she is going to find Michele, Rosetta has really gone out own her own to explore. Subsequently, Cerisa beats her, but the film does not end until Cerisa informs Rosetta that Michele has died. At this moment in the film, Rosetta reclaims her emotions and begins to cry hysterically in her mother's arm as the camera zooms out on the two women and the film draws to a dramatic
finish. In the film, it can be analyzed that Michele is an example of anti-fascist Italian taking part in the movement against German occupiers and the Fascist italians. This resistance was a social resistance against Mussolini that enacted a political movement and the resistance was primarily masculine. Some women were involved in the movement, but did not have much power. Women became involved in the movement because they were “uniquely intolerant of tyrannical rule” (274). Fascism treated women as a single entity and the women of Italy wanted to fight against this tyrannical rule. Gender roles under Mussolini were characterized by his desire to build a strong nation, with a powerful military to create a powerful Nation. Mussolini’s project was to, “strengthen the Italian ‘race’ (razza) or ‘stock’ (Ebner, 140). Mussolini wanted to change the stigma that Italian men were weak and create virile fighters. The mother's role was to reproduce and their boys were thus trained to become strong fighters. A woman's job was to raise strong children to fight for the nation. Mussolini wanted strong, virile fighters for the nation and to increase the population, which would then lead to more power for Italy as a nation. Cesira and Rosetta represent independent women who do not rely on men throughout the film. Cerisa is an independent woman who raises her daughter on her own, while still being able to send Rosetta to school as well. Wartime violence can be seen to strip Cerisa of her strength as the French enemies rape both women. Violence during WWII was prevalent throughout and this film shows how men felt no sympathy for the violence that they endured on innocent women. This film allows shows how violence can have a negative effect on women. Rosetta was a happy young girl, but after she was raped, she lost her emotions and began to rebel. This goes to show how horrible the times of war can be and negativity that it brings to families as well as women.
From a proud Conquistador, to a castaway, a slave and trader, and then medicine man, Cabeza de Vaca was the first European to explore much of the southern coast of Texas. Cabeza was a 37 year old military veteran in 1527 when he left on the Narvaez Expedition to find gold and colonize the Gulf Coast. He was the expedition’s treasurer. Cabeza de Vaca was enslaved by Indians in 1528 when one of the rafts the crew made crashed on present day Galveston island, he then escaped in 1530 and joined/was enslaved by another tribe called the Charrucos until his escape with 3 other survivors in 1534. He then walked to Mexico City. Cabeza survived this ordeal because of the incredible patience he had, his skills of diplomacy and goodwill, and his amazing wilderness survival skills.
Benito Mussolini enacted his population policy to place emphasis on the power and prestige of the homeland, having a high population to counteract the losses in the first World War. To begin, he enacted parliamentary decrees, calling for a personal tax on bachelors to fund the Protection of Mothers and Children (Doc 1). The emphasis on protecting the mothers and their children shows Mussolini’s need to reinvigorate Italy through a higher population. With the women and children surviving, Mussolini created a way for his population to keep rising. In a speech by Il Duce himself, he states that the working woman lowers the birth rate, thus depriving men of work and dignity (Doc 5). A tenet of fascism is the belief of masculinity, an idea that would be challenged by the notion of the working woman, which Mussolini did not believe in. In order for the man and the masculinity to be emphasized, they must not stick to the wayside of the working woman. Another notion of “female insubordination” that is addressed is shown in document 8. In this document, Paolo Orano describes how the working women resist the notion of marri...
The story unfolds with the increasing limitations on the rights of Jewish people in Italy. Mussolini 's racial laws are beginning to take force on the rights of the Jewish people. Prohibitions such as no servants, no library
Ginsborg P (1990). ‘A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics: 1943-1980’ Published by Penguin; Reprint edition (27 Sep 1990).
Rose Mary is a selfish woman and decides not to go to school some mornings because she does not feel up to it. Jeannette takes the initiative in making sure that her mother is prepared for school each morning because she knows how much her family needs money. Even though Rose Mary starts to go to school every day, she does not do her job properly and thus the family suffers financially again. When Maureen’s birthday approaches, Jeannette takes it upon herself to find a gift for her because she does not think their parents will be able to provide her with one. Jeannette says, “at times I felt like I was failing Maureen, like I wasn’t keeping my promise that I’d protect her - the promise I’d made to her when I held her on the way home from the hospital after she’d been born. I couldn’t get her what she needed most- hot
...ow Italian’s felt towards Mussolini himself, from the thousands of newly exposed unpublished documents from the ‘sentimenti per Il Duce’ private secretariat archive. The content of the various letters and diaries within the book are very intriguing, however, the historical background of Italy is very immense making the book challenging to read. The audience for which Christopher Duggan appeals to, is the intellectual scholar; desiring to learn a great amount of fascist Italian history and “ the feelings that ordinary people articulated in Mussolini’s Italy, and what these feeling might tell us about the regime.” Duggan convinces the reader of his prose substantially with his vast amount of research and analysis of over 200 primary documents. This novel truly being an ingenious addition to the era of Italian Fascism facilitates how fascism gained support in Italy.
What are the similarities between the plot of Cinthio’s work and Shakespeare’s Othello? (the main themes and conflicts)
Throughout the readings of both Aristotle and Augustine, each philosopher represented their views on the nature of happiness and their means for achieving that happiness in this life. Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who spent the majority of his life either teaching, studying, and writing known for positioning the majority of the groundwork for western philosophy along with Plato (“Aristotle’s Ethics”). Additionally, he touched on areas focused primarily on biology, physics, morality, and politics which were described in detail in his numerous philosophical treatises. Augustine, who is normally referred to as Augustine of Hippo, wrote an abundance of works which were also groundbreaking for the development of Western philosophy (“Saint Augustine”). His main focus was on the teachings of God as well as directing individuals to find peace with God because in order to achieve happiness, he believed finding peace with God was the first step. Traditionally, humans believe that happiness is achieved through the fulfillment of human nature and accomplishing a specific task or goal, and both Aristotle and Augustine defined this happiness and flourishing state in similar yet distinct ways. Aristotle and Augustine each developed separate views on the nature of happiness and the path to achieve that happiness; however, the best human life and highest fulfillment of happiness are achieved through Augustine’s approach to human flourishing.
Benito Mussolini’s Battle for Births encompassed the core of Fascist Italy. The soul of an immense fascist population is uncompromising nationalism. As a dictator, he not only seized control of economic, political, and religious affairs of Italy, but also of the social affairs, intervening with the idea of an “ideal family”. Mussolini did not manage to salvage the plummeting birth rate that tailed World War I, or to reconstruct his prized ancient Rome, or to strengthen his army with this battle.
Gracia Mendes Nasi was one of the most influential women of Europe during her time. She lived during the time of the Portuguese Inquisition and was determined to help her Jewish neighbors. Gracia created a secret network with her brother-in-law, Diego, that provided help to the escaping Jews from anti semitic places. During her time in Ferrara, she became known as La Senora or Ha-Geveret because she was viewed as a friend and savior by many Jews. From the years 1510 to 1590, Gracia Mendes Nasi was an amazing Jewish woman in the Sephardic communities
This somber conclusion to the film seems to be an expression of hopelessness for Italy's future. By 1948, the country had gone through a series of tumultuous historical events, caused by the inadequacy of its political and economic system. The disillusionment of its citizens with the system and in fact with the very concept of their nation was taken to its limits by yet another failure to achieve true social change after World War II. The transformismo of the Christian Democrats and the attendismo of the Communists offered no hope for Italians, appearing as just another stage in the country's endless cycle of political and social failure.
Before the dawn of Neorealism, Italy was under great turmoil in the early 1920s suffering from major economic crisis, bank failures and a collapsing government, which would also mean a collapse in the Italian film industry and the ‘Silent Era’ of cinema (Roberts, 2005). When Benito Mussolini took control as the 40th Prime Minister of Italy in 1922 the revival of Italian cinema would be once again be relived, but this time ruled under the control and guidance by Mussolini and his fascist government (Bondanella, 2001).
sala onde vocês estão é a sala do centro de formação, a sala dali é,
During early modern era, from 1650 onwards, there was a sustained growth in the population of Europe. Between 1660 and 1800, the population of Europe almost doubled, increasing from a level of 100 million in 1660 to 187 million by 1800. The sources which can inform us of this population increase include censuses, parish registers, and legal documents such as wills, amongst a number of other things. Although recently historians have focussed on areas such as birth rates, marriage rates, and the age of marriage as an explanation for this substantial demographic growth, this essay will focus on the falling death rates as a driving force behind the ever increasing European population during the early modern period. At the start of the period under question, the situation for the population was dire. Life expectancy was low, with the average male and female life expectancies amongst the privileged nobility being 28 and 34 years respectively, and with one fifth of English children dying within their first year of life. Famine was also prevalent, as well as diseases such as the plague and smallpox. However, throughout the early modern period, these hinderances on population growth began to be gradually removed, thus leading to an overall decline in death rates, which in turn facilitated a natural increase in the population of Europe. These factors included agricultural improvement, new foods from recently discovered lands such as the Americas, the disappearance of the plague, and medical advances. Therefore, these changes allowed the population to become much healthier, thus causing an increase in life expectancy, allowing other factors such as marriage rates and birth rates to further contribute to the population increase.
The world we live in today is full of an exceptional variety of animals. The time it took to conclude to the various sorts of species seen today has been throughout a period of millions of years. The vast majority of these animals are accredited to evolutionary advancements. When the environment changes, organisms have become accustomed to changing to fit their environment, to ensure their species does not die off. These physical changes have resulted in different phyla, ranging from basic structures, like sponges to advance systems, like that of an octopus.