1. Are viruses alive? List the criteria of the each of the defining properties of life discussed in chapter 1 to justify your answer—indicate whether viruses meet those criteria.
The properties of life of all living things must have a:
Cellular organization- all living things must have at least 1 cell
Metabolism- ability to process energy to power other processes
Homeostasis- maintaining a stable internal environment to enhance conditions for other processes
Growth and Reproduction- having the ability to grow and reproduce
Heredity- ability to pass genetic information from one generation to the next
Viruses have majority nonliving characteristics with little to none living characteristics. They do not have a cellular organization, metabolism,
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and uses their host cell to replicate. Viruses are small in size and cannot reproduce on their own. Viruses also cannot maintain a stable internal environment, therefore, they can maintain their homeostasis. DNA and RNA is one of the few characteristics viruses have in common with the properties of life. Virus have DNA or RNA wrapped in a protein also known as capsid. After comparing the properties of life with viruses, viruses are considered nonliving because they have little to no characteristics of life. 2.
Explain why Kingdom Protista is considered an artificial grouping.
Kingdom Protista is considered an artificial grouping because there are many forms of protist and most are unicellular, multicellular, and colonial groups. The protists have different functions and structure although they are considered eukaryotes and are still evolving.
3. Are fungi plants? How are fungi similar to and different from plants?
Fungi are not plants.
Plants produce their own food using photosynthesis, while fungi intake food from other living organisms and decomposed organic matter. Fungi lack a chlorophyll unlike plants. Plants have roots, leaves, and stems while fungi have filamentous bodies. Last but not least, fungi cell wall contain chitin while plant cell wall contain cellulose.
Plants and Fungi are similar because they lack mobility, both have cell walls, and they both are eukaryotes and multicellular.
4. Research a product (e.g. food or medicine) made using bacteria or fungus, and describe how the bacteria or fungus is involved in the process. Penicillin, cheese, and edible mushrooms don’t count. CITE YOUR SOURCES!! Neither Wikipedia nor Google are sources. Format doesn’t matter as long as all the necessary information is there (author[s], year, journal name or article name,
etc.). My product I chose to research is sour cream. Cultured Sour cream is made using bacteria and a few other products sometimes . During the process, a culture of Streptococcus lactic (bacteria) is added to pasteurized light cream then heated at 72 degrees Fahrenheit until the satisfied flavor and thickness is achieved.
Results obtained in lab as well as scientific research prove that as temperatures increase the percent of crossing over increases as well. Introduction: Sordaria fimicola belongs to the kingdom of fungi and is part of the phylum Ascosmycota. This fungus habitat is in the feces of herbivores. As many fungi, Sordaria have one life cycle which is haploid/ diploid. It is commonly exited as a haploid organism, but when the mycelium of two individuals meets, the result is a diploid zygote.
Planarians are free-living, carnivorous flatworms found in the Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Turbellaria. Although the Phylum Platyhelminthes is known for having the animals with the most parasitic species, the class Turbellaria which consist of the Planaria, are a non-parasitic species. Platyhelminthes which translates to "flat worm" are triploblastic animals. This means that they have three tissue layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Planaria also are monoecious organisms, meaning that they have both female and male sex organs in one organism. Another characteristic of the Planaria is that they do not have a true body cavity, meaning that they are acoelomate organisms.
In this lab project, the microbiology students were given 2 unknown bacteria in a mixed broth each broth being numbered. The goal of this project is to determine the species of bacteria in the broth. They had to separate and isolate the bacteria from the mixed broth and ran numerous tests to identify the unknown bacteria. The significance of identifying an unknown bacteria is in a clinical setting. Determining the exact bacteria in order to prescribe the right treatment for the patient. This project is significant for a microbiology students because it gives necessary skills to them for future careers relating to clinical and research work.
In the kingdom of Fungi, is a collection of different organic multicellulary eukaryotic organisms. Fuguses are unique from any other life form. They grow in the wild yet they are not plants. They also breakdown and digest animals and plants alike, but they are not animals. Fungi are made up of chitin, a derivative of glucose that is also found in cephalopods, arthopods and crustaceans alike. Similiar to cellulose which is a what plants' cell walls are comprised of, Chitin is a tough material that gives the Fungi its structure.
Bloodborne pathogens are viruses that deteriorate cells within the body. A virus is a submicroscopic parasitic organism that feeds on cells. Viruses are dependent on cells for their nutrients so the virus survive and reproduce. Every virus consists of either deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA). A virus can contain a strand of one or the other, but not both. This RNA or DNA is contained within a protein shell for protection. A virus is a parasite that is dependent upon cells for metabolic and reproductive requirements. By using the cell the virus makes the host very ill by redirecting cellular activity to make more viruses.
Credibility and relevance: I am a nursing student and have done adequate research and provided sources and have shown my credible knowledge on the subject. One example being:
Viruses are the simplest and tiniest of microbes, and are made up of proteins, nucleic acid, and lipids. The nucleic acids contain the genetic code that helps them grow and reproduce, but only once they find their way into a living organism. Viruses themselves are not considered living organisms because they don’t have cells, they don’t metabolize nutrients, produce and excrete wastes, and they can’t move around on their own. The remains of the nucleic acid then forms a covering, called the capsid. Once the capsid gets removed, viruses use the building materials of th...
The structures of all three of these subjects are very different. Bacteria have three different shapes known as strepocolli, which are chains of cocci that are spherical or oval shaped. Escherichia coli that lives in your intestines and are rod shaped. And vibrio’s that are spiral shaped. In bacteria, DNA and RNA are floating in the cytoplasm. Bacteria have a cell wall, a cell membrane, flagella, and ribosomes but do not have a nucleus. Viruses are sub-microscopic particle, about 20-300 nanometers. They have two main parts: a capsid which is composed of protein subunits and an inner core of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA. They also have spikes made from a glycoprotein. Viruses have no cell wall, but they have a protein coat instead. They don’t have a nucleus also. Last but not least, prions: the normal protein prions are bounded to sur...
The five kingdom system has developed with time. Living organisms were first grouped according to how they moved, with plants in one kingdom and animals in a second, by Aristotle during the 4th Century BC. In 1700s Linnaeus developed the system of naming organisms, which we still use today, called binomial nomenclature; this system solves the problem of the same species being called many different common names according to region and makes it easy to distinguish between two organisms. To write the scientific name for an organism the Genus name is written first and capitalised and the species name second in lowercase all italicised. In 1894 a third kingdom was added by Ernest Haeckel. This third kingdom was named Protista and contained single-celled eukaryotes and bacteria. Herbert Copeland divided the kingdom Protista in 1956 and created the kingdom Bacteria, this was prompted by the discovery of immense differences between single-celled eukaryotes and prokaryotes (bacteria). Finally in 1959 Robert Whittaker added divided the kingdom Plantae into plants and fungi. Later, 1977, Carl Woese divided the kingdom Bacteria into Eubacteria (true bacteria) and Archaeabacteria (ancient bacteria), this division, although important, is often disregarded in lue of the simpler 5 ...
Virus- An infectious agent found in virtually all life forms, including humans, animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. Viruses touch us every day through water, food, physical contact, blood, animals, or even, the air you breathe. All though most are harmless there are some that...
There are many different kinds of mushrooms. One of the most common of them are Pleurotus Ostreatus (oyster mushroom), Pleurotus eryngii (King Oyster), Agaricus subrufescens (almond mushroom), hypsizygus ulmarius (white elm mushroom or elm oyster), Hypsizygus tessulatus (shimeji), Coprinus comatus (shaggy mane), Lentinula edodes (shiitake), Hericium erinaceus (Lios' Mane), and Grifola Frondosa (maitake). Out of these, the most commonly grown are Sporophores which are chiefly in the agaric family (Agaricaeae). These are the kind that grow in your yard-in the grass/forest-outside along the barks of trees. There are over three thousand different types of mushrooms growing in North America alone. Some are very common, but many are found only rarely in special habitats.
To excel in the field of Biology is not merely my dream, but my passion. I have started on this path of never-ending discovery and I want to master this science. It would not be unjustifying to state that the world is a better place today because of the advances in biological sciences. It truly promises to be an ever-advancing profession on this planet where better cures are required for freshly determined diseases on a day-to-day basis. Gene Technology and Biotechnology are a boon to this world. Putting microorganisms to use in the formation of insu...
Photosynthesis is the process of autotrophs turning carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen, using light energy from sunlight. Autotrophs are organisms that are able to produce nutrients and organic compounds using inorganic materials. Examples of autotrophs are green plants, algae, bacteria, etc. Organisms which are capable to photosynthesize are called photoautotroph. The chloroplasts (plant cell that contains chlorophyll) in autotrophs trap light energy from the sun and use it to combine carbon dioxide with split water to make food for themselves which are in the form of sugar, glucose, etc. Glucose in plants is made into a variety of molecules and chemicals to support its needs. Plant cells which contain complex chemical pathways add nitrogen and sulphur to produce amino acids and then protein. Plants make up their own cell membranes by rearranging carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and by adding phosphorus. We absorb chemicals produced by plants even though we can produce most of the chemicals we need because some chemicals like amino acids can only be obtained from plants. This shows that plants are crucial for animals as they are depended on it. Another function of photosynthesis is the waste product of the process is oxygen. Photoautotrophs transform carbon dioxide to oxygen when photosynthesizing. This is essential for life because oxygen is an important element for respiration which is performed by both autotrophs and animals.
First and foremost, a virus is defined as a particle composed of protein, nucleic acid, and sometimes, lipids, which can reproduce itself only by infecting live cells. The reason why viruses are questioned if they are living or nonliving is if they exhibit all the characteristics of life. One of the questionable characteristics regarding a virus is reproduction. Living organisms have the capability to reproduce on their own, sexually or assexually. However, viruses reproduce by infecting living cells, therefore being dependant on something. Another reason of why viruses are questioned as living or nonliving is their genetic code. Even though they have DNA and RNA inside a protein coat, they don't have a nucleus or ribosomes to copy their genes,
Nitrogen is a perilous preventive portion for herbal growing and manufacture. It is a main constituent of chlorophyll, the greatest significant stain wanted for photosynthesis, as fine as amino acids, the main construction blocks of proteins. It is too originate in other vital biomolecules, such as ATP and nucleic acids. Uniform however it is one of the maximum copious fundamentals florae can only use summary procedures of this component. Floras obtain these procedures of “mutual” nitrogen by: