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“Help, my daughter has stopped breathing!” she cried out entering the emergency room. In Sickened the autobiography written by Julie Gregory shares her abusive childhood to enlighten her readers about Munchausen Syndrome by proxy. With all the attention to protect children from abuse, how can child abuse not be recognized?
Child abuse is usually recognized by a pattern of physical injuries or outward appearance of neglect. From RelayHealth, Munchausen Syndrome by proxy is a mental disorder, causing illness in others, usually children, to get sympathy and attention for the abuser. With the mental disorder of MSBP documented, the behaviors of the abuser and victims should be easy to identify, but it is not. Any parent/guardian entering the emergency room insisting on immediate care for their child would be considered a suspect. According to RelayHealth, dishonesty is a key part of the disorder, and of the abusers: 90% are the mothers. Imagine a mother who is able to manipulate an experienced doctor against his better judgment to perform unnecessary treatments and tests; now th...
Artingstall, Kathryn.. Practical Aspects of Munchausen by Proxy and Munchausen Syndrome Investigation.. FL: CRC Press, 1999. Print. (tags: none | edit tags)
McCoy, M. L., & Keen, S. M., (2009). Child abuse and neglect. New York: Psychology Press.
Siegel, D. (2009). Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: A Pediatrician’s Observations. Families, Systems, & Health, 27(1), 113-115.
Hurley, Jennifer (1999). Child Abuse Opposing Views . San Diego : Greenhaven Press, Inc. print.
Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSbP), or factitious illness by proxy, is the form of child abuse in which a parent (most often the mother) deliberately produces an illness in the child. The perpetrator, by definition, suffers from a serious emotional disorder that impairs judgment. The emotional disorder is not diagnosable; its pathology is culturally invisible and masked by social adaptation (e.g., overreacting to the child's illness and emotional hunger). The offending parent usually has significant medical knowledge, while being naive about human relationships. She or he seeks psychological gain (love, attention, or sanity) through provoking medical illnesses and conflicts. This entity is common and carries substantial morbidity and mortality reported mortality rates range from 10% to 30%.6,7
Since the case of Mary Ellen Wilson in 1874, child abuse has seen it’s share of light in published news. It is disheartening to read countless stories of future generations being harmed to the extent of psychological damage or even death. Child abuse as a whole has been addressed multiple times in various news blogs, however, nothing has been done to work towards abolishing it at a larger level. The future of America is in jeopardy, based on the level of abuse that children endure. Childhelp states that approximately 5 children die every day at the hands of child abuse.
When children are hurt physically, emotionally, or sexually it is known to be child abuse. Children are known to be neglected when they are not getting the proper attention needed for children. When children are neglected or abused in any way it is the responsibility of others to report such acts to the authorities as to what they have witnessed first-hand or signs of abuse or neglect seen after the fact, these people who reports such acts are known as third parties. The proper authorities to report child abuse or neglect is called Child Protected Services also known as Child Welfare. After the abuse or neglect is reported the proper authorities will then investigate to see if the abuse or neglect is legit or fraudulent (Sedlak, 2001).
Under the law, Munchausen's by proxy is considered a form of child maltreatment, as it "entails having inflicted harm upon a child by a caretaker and thus meets the criteria for child maltreatment established by the child abuse and neglect laws" (Perry & Joy, 151). An editorial in The Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect 27 (2003), reports that this form of maltreatment, "almost always manifests as a combination of physical abuse, emotional abuse and neglect...it was identified as a kind of maltreatment only about 25 years ago" (409). Indeed, Munchausen's by proxy is a relatively new form of child abuse, although it most certainly occurred in the past, it was not acknowledged until recently. The Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect (2003), reports that "MBP is no longer considered rare by most leading medical professionals, but rather under-identified due to lack of public awareness and professional expertise" (409). It is of benefit that MSBP is now recognized in the medical field, as "categorization has an important role in medicine and in child protection" (Eminson & Jureidini, 416).
All of us have done something that we weren’t necessarily supposed to do. What many of us have realized was that sometimes the guilt that follows afterward hurts more than the actual action. We find it easy to break rules and be rebellious, but, in the end, we succumb to the following guilt, and confess. “The Tell-Tale Heart” explores a situation where a man makes the decision to kill someone, but ends up going insane following the act. Edgar Allan Poe uses plot, characterization, and irony to convey the theme of the effects of guilt.
A far more alarming variant of this disorder, known as Munchausen syndrome by proxy, has also been documented. In these cases, the subject fabricates the existence of physical illness in another person, usually the subject's child. The same sorts of behaviors occur - faking or simulating the symptoms of illness, resorting to physical harm in order to induce those symptoms. Even though the parent - the Munchausen sufferer - will always appear to be deeply concerned for the child's welfare, her actions will not infrequently result in the child's being severely deformed or even dying. (2) Both variants of this disorder are highly uncommon.
In Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Tell-Tale Heart” the narrator attempts to assert his sanity while describing a murder he carefully planned and executed. Despite his claims that he is not mad, it is very obvious that his actions are a result of his mental disorder. Hollie Pritchard writes in her article, “it has been suggested that it is not the idea but the form of his madness that is of importance to the story” (144). There is evidence in the text to support that the narrator suffers from paranoid schizophrenia and was experiencing the active phase of said disease when the murder happened. The narrator’s actions in “The Tell-Tale Heart” are a result of him succumbing to his paranoid schizophrenia.
This video taught me the extreme point of Munchausen Syndrome; the 21-year-old Arizona mother was abusing her daughter by purposely making her sick through poisoning. This video also shows us how much abuse can affect a person on a deeper level to the point that the abused person now becomes the abuser. The previously abused mother now is abusing her 7 month old daughter. I can understand a Psychotherapist’s and medical practitioner’s annoyance or anger toward people with factitious disorder because that does wasting their time, however; these Munchausen syndrome individuals clearly need some type of counselling if he or she was once previously abused. I don’t think everyone knows how to cope with a traumatic occurrence and we also don’t know
According to Law.com, insanity means, “mental illness of such a severe nature that a person cannot distinguish fantasy from reality, cannot conduct her/his affairs due to psychosis, or is subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior. Insanity is distinguished from low intelligence or mental deficiency due to age or injury.” Sanity is exactly the opposite and means, “reasonable understanding; sound mind; possessing mental faculties that are capable of distinguishing right from wrong so as to bear legal responsibility for one's actions” (The Free Dictionary). The narrator in the Tell-Tale Heart was guilty of murder and was not insane during the time of the murder.
Munchausen syndrome is a very interesting condition in which people basically fake being sick or hurt themselves on purpose in order to get attention and sympathy from other people, such as healthcare providers, relatives or friends. I personally think that the best form of psychotherapy that should be used in these cases is cognitive behavior therapy. In fact, such a therapy combines behavioral techniques with cognitive ones to change maladaptive cognitions and overt behaviors. It also helps people see the connection between beliefs, thoughts, and feelings, and subsequent behavior patterns. Therefore, by using this therapy with patients affected by Munchausen syndrome, we would try to make them change the way they think about the fact that
Every individual breathing in this world is generally assumed and anticipated to experience a childhood filled with joy, laughter, and smiles. However, pain, tears, and silence are the memoirs of some children due to child abuse. Child abuse is an issue that has become an epidemic, developing into children’s most unwelcomed nightmares that haunts them on a daily basis. Child victims of abuse can consider the cruel acts being done to them as their preeminent complication of their lives causing them to become unstable. These children tend to lose control over their own lives, bodies, and minds creating catastrophic obstacles to build up in their lives and causing themselves to become weakened and vulnerable due to being confronted by fear that they cannot endure. The many lives of abused children are misguided as they mature because the events that they encounter during their early childhood years influence the construction of their future and behaviors. Child abuse is the barbarous act of maltreatment directed towards children that includes physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual molestation which all serve as elements towards leading to the destruction of their lives.