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Functions of kidney
The following are functions of the kidney except
Functions of kidney
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Kidneys
In vertebrates, kidneys are the two major organs of excretion. Excess water, toxic waste products of metabolism such as urea, uric acid, and inorganic salts are disposed of by kidneys in the form of urine. Kidneys are also largely responsible for maintaining the water balance of the body and the pH of the blood. Kidneys play important roles in other bodily functions, such as releasing the erythropoietin protein, and helping to control blood pressure.
Kidneys are paired, reddish-brown, bean-shaped structures. They are about eleven centimeters long. Kidneys are located on each side of spine, just above the waist. They are loosely held in place by a mass of fat and two layers of fibrous tissue. It is believed that the kidney first evolved in the original vertebrates where freshwater organisms needed some means of pumping water from the body. The kidney became adept at reabsorbing glucose, salts, and other materials which would have been lost if simply pumped out of the body by a simple organ.
The cut surface of the kidney reveals two distinct areas: the cortex- a dark band along the outer border, about one centimeter in thickness, and the inner medulla. The medulla is divided into 8 to 18 cone-shaped masses of tissue named renal pyramids. The apex of each pyramid, the papilla, extends into the renal pelvis, through which urine is released from the kidney tissue. The cortex arches over the bases of the pyramids (cortical arches) and extends down between each pyramid as the renal columns.
Urine passes through the body in a fairly complex way. The initial site of urine production in the body is the glomerus. The arterial blood pressure drives a filtrate of plasma containing salts, glucose, amino acids, and nitrogenous wastes such as urea and a small amount of ammonia through the glomerus. Proteins and fats are filtered out of the plasma, to remain in the normal blood stream. The plasma is now called glorular filtrate. One-hundred to one-hundred-forty milliliters of this filtrate are formed each minute!
The filtrate passes along a convoluted tibule. The majority of the water content and some of the dissolved materials are reabsorbed through the walls of the tibule and back into the blood. Water, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, and all glucose are reabsorbed into the bloodstream, yet products such as urea and ammonia remain in the tibule. During the final stage of the passage process, most of the remaining filtrate is selectively reabsorbed until only about one percent of the original filtrate is to be excreted as urine.
Urine is eventually collected in the kidneys. The urine is collected in
During digestion, the body breaks down food into smaller molecules that could then be used by the body’s cells and tissues in order to perform functions. This starts off in the mouth with the physical movements of chewing and the chemical breakdown by saliva. Enzymes in the stomach break food down further after traveling from the mouth through the esophagus. The food from here then moves into the small intestine, where pancreatic juices and enzymes dissolve proteins, carbohydrates, and fibers, and bile from the liver breaks down fats into these small molecules. Any portion of the fibers or food that were unable to be broken down are passed from the small intestine to the large intestine, which is where the digestive tract transitions into the excretory tract, then the colon and out of the rectum. Any liquids that have been stripped of their nutrients by the body proceed from the stomach to the kidneys. In the kidneys, sodium ions (Na+), uric acid, and urea are exchanged with water, which moves urinary bladder and is excreted through the
results in the need for more blood. Since more blood is needed to fill the
In The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Skloot’s interpretation of the HeLa phenomenon gave the readers a glimpse into her opinion of biomedical research during Henrietta’s time. The great leaps in scientific research caused many scientists to become excited for what was to come. However, this excitement caused Henrietta’s doctors—and many others— to neglect their patients’ rights. Namely, many patients, including Henrietta, were oblivious to what the doctors were actually doing to them. Consequently, the doctors held all the power in their relationship with their patients. Skloot’s depictions of Henrietta and Moore’s battles show the readers the harm that was done due to this power. By and large, Skloot’s portrayal of the biomedical field is dim, but has promise for the future. And this promise for the future can only come from more pro-patient regulations.
The banking industry is under pressure in today’s business climate. Banks have been through big changes. There is opportunity, but there is also increasing competition. To be the preferred bank means changing “good enough” into a unique value proposition. And that means changing the way people have always done things, change on this level requires cutting edge technology. Change cannot be achieved with a simple directive or surface adjustment especially within the banking industry. It requires an innovative rethink of the entire system, in a strong partnership between bank leaders and their change agents. New systems and policies must support the strategy to be successful. The real test of a good strategy implementation plan is whether the people understand the strategy, are motivated and enabled to implement it, and actually start achieving its goals.
The flow and organization of the topics are structured chronologically and easy for readers to have a clear depiction of the progression of the book. He explains and elaborates his ideas and assumptions on struggles with morality, through real voices of patients and his own personal encounter. The first few topics were lighthearted, more on procedural terms such as the demographics of care in the United States and India and the evolution of care. This heightens to themes that are close to one’s heart as he uncovers the relationship amongst medicine, patient, and the family. It also deliberates on the concerns after medicine becomes impotent and society is ill-equipped for the aging population, which highlight the decisions and conversations one should or might have pertaining to death. He makes
Their entire vision statement is based upon a very simple premise that states, “Customers can be better served when they have a relationship with a trusted provider that knows them well, provides reliable guidance, and can serve their full range of financial needs” (Wells Fargo: Leadership, 2017). Their goal was to become the financial service leaders in customer service and advice, team member engagement, innovation, risk management, corporate citizenship, and shareholder value. The bank was moving in a very good direction until they made headlines for opening a large number of unauthorized fraudulent accounts (Corkery,
In 2015, Wells Fargo was named as the world’s most valuable bank being worth around 2 trillion dollars (Fortune, 2015). Wells Fargo started out of San Francisco with growth in the right direction for the U.S. economy. They are a financial services company that has banking, insurance, investments, mortgage, and consumer and commercial finance through 8,700 locations, 13,000 ATMs, the internet (Securities and Exchange Commission, 2015). With Wells Fargo progressing and gaining prosperity, it is a shame that they took a negative method to get to this point. The Wells Fargo scandal has caused many to look at the company poorly. They have lost copious clients due to their bad ethical misconduct and not treating customers with respect following
The company promotes an aggressive strategy that they believe is the basis to accomplish their vision. Also incorporating a successful business model and a plan of execution to tie together the general strategy for Wells Fargo. The company values their customers above all else, wanting to gain their trust and deepen relationships with each and every one of them. Along with their extensive community involvement, Wells Fargo has other strengths that have helped them become so successful. The explosion of the bank began in San Francisco and soon expanded nationwide. Eventually, Wells Fargo developed into an international company. They provide multiple different networks that help attract potential customers to their company by having a service that can apply to everyone. Another strength that the company has executed would be the art of cross-selling. When it is finalized legally, it can be a great attribute to the company and the customer by letting them access the new services Wells Fargo provides. However, if there are strengths the weaknesses will follow in a major corporation. Wells Fargo has an international basis, it is very narrow in
The movie Wit by Mike Nichols, showed the true horror of death by chemotherapy though the life of Dr. Vivian Bearing diagnosed with stage 4 ovarian cancer. The movie followed Vivian from the time she found out about her cancer to the moment that she passed, though this time Vivian also shared memories that related back to what was going on now in her life. During her stay in the hospital there were three people who impacted her stay the most; Doctor Kelekian who was her oncologist, Doctor Posner the Medical student involved in her case, and Nurse Monahan her primary care nurse. Let’s look at all three of Vivian care takers, along with Vivian herself, and a moment that really showed the true colors of the individual.
We understand the importance of our missions and the trust our customers place in us. With this in mind, we strive to excel in every aspect of our business and approach every challenge with a determination to succeed.
The filtered blood leaves the kidney along the renal veins. The filtered waste products are excreted by the kidney as urine. A narrow tube called the ureter carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. From there the urine is excreted through a single tube, called the urethra. Kidney structure: If you cut a section through the kidney, three areas can be seen:
Each year without fail anywhere between 250,000 to 500,000 children go blind from Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD), more than half of those die within twelve months. To visualize this number think of Seattle, now imagine half or all of its population going blind. With a few dollars’ worth of food or supplements enriched in vitamin A this problem can be mollified. But getting fresh foods and vitamins to those with the greatest need has proven an insurmountable problem. Food Aid, while indeed lifesaving, is costly and does not fix the underlying problems in poor societies. To be truly secure people must have food independence, which is to say they must be able to grow their own food supply and not rely on outside markets. In countries such as Vietnam, the Philippines, India and China the main food staple is rice. While rice is a valuable source of carbohydrates, once the rice is milled, and its outer layer shucked, it losses most of its nutritional value. Thirty years ago two German scientists, Ingo Potrykus and Peter Beyer set out to see if they could do something about making a better rice. What they came up with was genetically modified rice that was bright yellow because it was rich in β (beta)-carotene, and was called golden rice because of its sunny hue. But before the two scientists could pat themselves on the back for solving Vitamin A Deficiency, anti-GM (genetically modified) groups such as Greenpeace denounced the unnatural solution and swore that golden rice would never find its way to third world farmers. Twenty eight years and approximately 10,000,000 million deaths later golden rice has still not been able to escape the red tape and fear mongering of the First World. And while golden rice is not a cure all for world hunger,...
Put yourself in one of the over 100,000 people that is waiting for a kidney. Now place yourself near the bottom of the list, while your dialysis is dwindling in effectiveness. Now as your laying in the hospital you have the funds to purchase a kidney, and know that there are many people who are in desperate need for money. Yet, our laws currently prevent the sales of kidneys, and thus, you will be allowed to lay in your hospital bed until you die, while there are safe preventative measures to save your life.
As more people began to access the Internet through smart phones and tablets rather than laptops and computers, it is not a surprise that they would also want to transform the American education system by bringing tablets into classrooms. In fact, a few schools around the country have already replaced textbooks with tablets and have seen improvements in students’ standardized test scores. Using tablets instead of textbooks is not only convenient and helpful, but it can also reduce the amount of paper wastes in school. However, it is not a good idea to completely transform textbooks with tablets with the current technology, for it can not only be damaging to the environment and costly to set up, but also might not be effective in improving K-12 education in the long run.
People Need to Recycle In the United Sates, where the population is inflated every year. The amount of space for landfills decreases every day. The need for recycling should not be asked, it should just be done out of habit. Everyone in America needs to recycle, to help the lamdfill problem, help the environment, and help produce new products from recycled goods. In America there is about two-hundred and eight tons of residential and commercial trash generated a year, 4.3 pounds per person a day (Prichard 1A). This is an overwhelming amount of trashed produced yearly. When people recycle this number can be drastically cut. But many people do not practice and use recycling. Consumers and businesses should use the three R’s; recycle, reuse, and recharge (Prichard 1A). Consumers and businesses are producing more garbage than ever before. As a result, we are rapidly running out of landfill space. In 1979 America had close to 18,500 landfills, and by 1991 that number was nearly cut in half (Prichard 10A). Kentucky, Ohio, Minnesota, and Illinois will reach their maximum limit on landfills by the year 2005 (Prichard 10A). This whole garbage problem has forced us to try other options. Many of these options have been very unsuccessful. People have tried burning their garbage, that cause pollution to the environment. Some states even resorted to dropping their trash in the ocean, only to have the very same trash float ashore later. Dumping it on other states leads to feuding neighbors. Indiana passed a law to block imports of out-of-state trash, but a federal court ruled the law illegal (Prichard 10A). Instead of trying to find new ways to dump our trash, we need to find b...