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Strength and weakness of sigmund freuds theory
Relevance of philosophy in our society
Strength and weakness of sigmund freuds theory
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Jostein Gaarder’s novel, “Sophie’s World”, introduces the word of philosophy in the form of a story to the eyes’ of a commoner, or someone who has not been exposed to the teachings of philosophy. In this novel, numerous philosophers that have made an impact on the world we presently live in today are briefly mentioned along with their thoughts’, philosophies’, and teachings’. Two very significant people that have made an impact on our society through their realizations are Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud. Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud both have strong views on society’s perception and morality. They have proved that society is driven on our perceptions, morality, and code of ethics. Karl Marx was a German philosopher, born May 5, 1818. He was not a philosophical materialist nor did he advocate mechanical materialism like others who did around the seventeenth and eighteenth century. Marx was a historical materialist. Being so, Marx believed that we are described through history and it has made us who we are. All throughout history the central conflict of the human society has always been defined by “people who have” and “people who don’t have.” These are the underlying problems behind the majority of many conflicts had throughout the world, even today. This is because humans will always try to find a way to distinguish themselves from one another. It is in our nature to. Historical development was driven by the tension between opposites. We categorize things, or people, by their differences so it is put into simple terms and easier to understand. People like things that are as simple as “black” and “white,” but things in the world are almost never as simple as just one or the other. Most things have more complex backgrounds and would b... ... middle of paper ... ...been faced with a situation that would try to make his desire give in to his guilt. He did not give in to his superego, but think about how many people donate money or walk past a homeless person on the street. Many people do this with the intention to make themselves feel better, not necessarily because they care about the wellbeing of the homeless people. There are many comparisons between the beliefs and philosophies of Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud. They are two very significant people that have made an impact on our society through their realizations. Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud both have strong views on society’s perception and morality. They have proved that society is driven on our perceptions, morality, and code of ethics. I believe that their philosophies are accurate. They are considerable and even in our present society, their philosophies shine through.
In Sigmund Freud’s Civilization and Its Discontents and Primo Levi’s Survival in Auschwitz, both authors explore the source of human violence and aggression. Sigmund Freud’s book reacts to the state of Europe after World War I, while Primo Levi’s narrative is a first-hand account of his experiences during World War II. International and domestic tensions are high when both works are written; Sigmund Freud adopts a pessimistic tone throughout the work, while Primo Levi evolves from a despairing approach to a more optimistic view during his time at Auschwitz. To Sigmund Freud, savagery comes from the natural state of human beings, while Primo Levi infers violence is rooted in individual’s humanity being stripped away is.
Two great writers, whose ideas have been read by many, are Karl Marx and Abraham Kuyper. Marx was a philosopher and because of his writing about Communist many places responded with revolutions. Kuyper was a Christian leader inspired many with his writings about society and culture. Marx and Kuyper both addressed how social issues in the world. Marx and Kuyper’s views of human nature are very different. While Kuyper believes that God shapes our lives and humans have no control; Marx, on the other hand, believes that human beings can shape and control the direction of their own lives. Both men show their beliefs of human nature through history, government, economy, and society. Though they both believe in equal society they don’t agree on the
Marx sees history as a struggle between classes: “Oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary re-constitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes” (Marx and Engles 14).
philosophers I am concentrating on are Marx and Nietzsche. I also will look at how Freud’s
Society is flawed. There are critical imbalances in it that cause much of humanity to suffer. In, the most interesting work from this past half-semester, The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx is reacting to this fact by describing his vision of a perfectly balanced society, a communist society. Simply put, a communist society is one where all property is held in common. No one person has more than the other, but rather everyone shares in the fruits of their labors. Marx is writing of this society because, he believes it to be the best form of society possible. He states that communism creates the correct balance between the needs of the individual and the needs of society. And furthermore thinks that sometimes violence is necessary to reach the state of communism. This paper will reflect upon these two topics: the relationship of the individual and society, and the issue of violence, as each is portrayed in the manifesto.
Karl Marx looks at human societies as a whole, and asks how they reproduce themselves, and as a result, change. For Marx a fundamental question about any society is whether it can produce more than it needs to reproduce itself, that is, a surplus product. Karl Marx believed that the middle class is based upon economic factors and rooted in solely that perspective. Many people have examined his work closely arguing that economic factors could not possibly be the only definition o...
Karl Marx was a nineteenth century, German philosopher, economist, a revolutionary socialist whose philosophy known as Marxism became the foundation of communism. ”Despite Karl Marx stating social classes are the
Marx and Freud are regarded as very controversial individuals. They both had very unusual view of the world around them but were not afraid to express their ideas, which to many people were revolutionary. Marx and Freud formulated their opinions about the development of human history with which some might disagree. In the Communist Manifesto, Marx states that development of human history is based on economics, while Freud in Civilization and its Discontents claims that history of civilization is influenced by human nature and interaction with one another.
Each of the four classical theorists Marx, Weber, Durkheim, and Simmel had different theories of the relationship between society and the individual. It is the objective of this paper to critically evaluate the sociological approaches of each theory to come to a better understanding of how each theorist perceived such a relationship and what it means for the nature of social reality.
Freud describes guilt as a feeling originating from either fear of authority or fear of the super-ego, which deviates from one’s foundational ego. Guilt in itself is something that a person feels due to acting in a “bad” way or simply having the intention to do. People are not automatically inclined to believe acting in a certain way is “bad” and, as Freud states, the only reason people develop this sense of guilt is once more the result of an inner “fear of loss of love” (71). Thus, guilt is not an inborn state of emotion; again, it is created as a result of being surrounded by and influenced by other humans. On the other hand, remorse is a feeling that occurs after an individual has acted in a “bad” way. Freud claims that remorse is a term that should be used to describe when someone feels guilty because of and after acting in such a way. The most prominent factor involved with these two emotions is conflict in several different forms such as “conflict due to ambivalence” and “of the eternal struggle between Eros and the instinct of destruction or death” (79). The definitions of guilt and remorse formulated by Freud contribute to the idea that mentality is far more something that is developed by external influences rather than
In his Manifesto of the Communist Party Karl Marx created a radical theory revolving not around the man made institution of government itself, but around the ever present guiding vice of man that is materialism and the economic classes that stemmed from it. By unfolding the relat...
Max Weber, Karl Marx, and Emile Durkheim are all part of a “holy trinity” of classical sociological interests. They all hold different beliefs and agreements, which ultimately end up being the social norms/ideas that they stand by. Ultimately, the different beliefs held by each sociologist, are based on their background and the different viewpoints they grew up around. Max Weber was raised by a tyrannical father creating a terrible life for him, but was very smart, which lead to Weber’s success and his belief in authority. Karl Marx was raised around intellectual parents in a middle-class home, which deters his viewpoints towards the relationship to the means of production. Emile Durkheim was part of a Jewish family with a rabbi father. This made her serious about the scientific method of everything and framework. In the end, they all have different beliefs on the way one should live or may currently be living, but they also correlate back with each other.
The Sociological Contribution of Karl Marx to an Understanding of Contemporary Society. This essay will discuss how the Karl Marx contributed his knowledge to the understanding of contemporary society. Karl Marx is often referred to. as the ‘intellectual father of modern day Marxist economics’.
Politics and many aspects of society today have been heavily influenced by political thinkers and scholars from ages before our time. Whether their ideas were implemented or avoided, society today has learned and grown from these influenced; there has been societal adaptions and changes with every success and failure. One important philosopher that is still widely talked about today is Karl Marx. His theories and ideas are still studies, discussed and utilized today. Some aspects of Marxism is relevant to modern day but there are still some major critiques to his opinions that prove there in inconsistencies with the relevance of Marxism. This is a result of his failure to predict how advanced and revolutionized society would be in modern day.
Karl Marx was a German philosopher and political theorist. He developed the socio-political theory of Marxism. One of his most famous works is The Communist Manifesto that he co-wrote with Friedrich Engels. In The Communist Manifesto, Marx discusses his theories on society, economics and politics. He believed that “all societies progress through the dialectic of class struggle”. He criticized capitalism, and referred to it as the "dictatorship of the bourgeoisie". Marx believed that capitalism was unfair because the rich middle and upper class people manipulated the system and used it for their own benefit while we get the short end of the stick. We, being average Americans— like myself— who go to college full-time, juggle a job, and yet are constantly struggling just to make ends meet: the unappreciated, exploited and underpaid every day h...