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Neuropsychological testing fundamentals
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The KABC-II assessment measures a student’s processing and cognitive abilities, through nonverbal and verbal tasks to fully understand the scope of the student’s learning abilities. The tests measures using five scale indexes and an overall score. The five scales are Sequential, Planning, Learning, Simultaneous, and Knowledge, and the overall score is the Fluid Crystallized Intelligence (FCI) score. Angel’s FCI score fell within the Lower Extreme (SS: 55) range. Her overall thinking and reasoning abilities exceed that of approximately of 0.1% of typically developing peers. In the area of Knowledge Angel’s score fell within the Lower Extreme (SS: 52) range when compared to children the same age. Knowledge measures Angel’s ability to use the breadth and depth of knowledge of culture. Angel was presented with six pictures of various items and was asked to identify which item matched the orally presented stimuli. For example, the examiner, said “point to painter” and Angel had to identify which picture had a painter. However, as the prompts became more complex, for example identifying what busy looks like she made a decision lacking careful thought. The area of knowledge examined Angel’s abilities …show more content…
Sequential refers to her ability to hold information in immediate awareness and then retrieve it within a few moments, also known as working memory. Angel’s working memory was measured through verbal and nonverbal tasks. On one subtest Angel listened to an auditory stimuli and was asked to verbally recite the items in order. On the second subtest Angel listened to a list of items and she was requested to physically locate each item in the order that it was presented. Overall there is no variability within Angel’s working memory ability. Therefore, it is believed to be a true representation of her ability, as compared to typical developing
The Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, Third Edition (KTEA-3) is a revised and updated comprehensive test of academic achievement (Kaufman & Kaufman, 2014). Authored by Drs. Alan and Nadeen Kaufman and published by Pearson, the KTEA-3 remains an individually administered test of achievement intended for use with examinees ages 4 through 25 years, or those in grades Pre-Kindergarten (PK) through 12 and above. The KTEA-3 is based on a clinical model of academic skills assessment in the broad areas of reading, mathematics, and written and oral language. It was designed to support clinicians utilizing a Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) or Information Processing theoretical approach to assessment and detailed information regarding the structure
Perhaps the most ubiquitous quality shared between humans is the capacity to know. The English language seems stark and stale when considering a definition for the word itself that encompasses the various feelings that can be summoned in knowing something. John Farella examines the inequality that exists in the relationship between the West...
Where Criterion-referenced assessment is measured on what the learner can do for example a Btec level 1 is a pass or fail.
According to Baddeley and Hitch (1974) what constitutes as working memory can be divided into four distinct components which contribute to the processes of memory. They are the phonological loop, the visual spatial sketchpad, the episodic buffer and the central executive (in Passer, Smith, Holt, Bremner, Vliek, 2009).
Piaget and Simon created tests that were meant to measure child intelligence. These test were meant to draw connections between a child’s age and the nature of his or her errors. Piaget and Simon’s test were ultimately too rigid for the children. The test was designed to spell or count as a way of judging I.Q. Piaget revised the test so that the children would explain the logic of the “incorrect” answers. The children incorrect answers revealed their qualitative thinking at the various stages of their development. Piaget would then wonder one question that led to his major contribution in the field of psychology: How do children
Developed by Linda Brown, Rita Sherbenou, and Susan Johnsen and published by pro.ed The Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-Fourth Edition (TONI-4) is an assessment that uses abstract reasoning and figural problem solving to estimate general intellectual ability. The Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, Fourth Edition (TONI-4) is a measure of general intelligence relying heavily on a nonverbal format and limited motor responses. The TONI-4 is designed to assess abstract/figural problem-solving skills of children and adults varying from ages 6 to 89 who have language, hearing, and motor difficulties. The TONI-4 has two equivalent versions, Form A and Form B, each of which consists of 60 items listed in
Core knowledge is a psychological theory that proposes the idea that children have innate cognitive abilities that are the product of evolutionary mechanisms, called nativism. The theoretical approach of constructivism also includes that children have domain-specific learning mechanisms that efficiently collect additional information for those specific domains. The core knowledge theory is primarily focused on whether our cognitive abilities, or capacities, are palpable early on in development, or if these capacities come up during a later developmental phase (Siegler 168).
Kuttler, Ami Flam. “Gifted/IQ Evaluations.” Ami Flam Kuttler, Ph. D 2011. Web. 31 October 2011.
Jean Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development determines how children from birth to adulthood use their intelligence or cognitive development while engaging in tasks. The first stage of cognitive development is called the Sensorimotor Stage (birth to age 2). During this stage, children tend to learn by “trial and error”, objects exist even if they are removed from sight, and symbols are introduced (Ormrod, 2012, 149).
One of the strengths of this perspective is that it recognizes the relationship between cognitive development and the social, cultural, and historical context that an individual is a part of (Sigelman, 2009). This explains the differences between cultures throughout history. This is an important concept because we all notice the differences between each person’s ways of thinking. Although we can attribute this to other factors, we can recognize more similarities in people of similar social and cultural backgrounds and more differences in those with drastically different backgrounds. Vygotsky points out that one of the...
The test under analysis is the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition (SB5) which is thoroughly explained through the technical manual of the intelligence assessment (Roid, 2003). The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, Technical Manual and the SB5 test in general was authored by Gale H. Roid (Roid, 2003). The manual was published by Riverside Publishing in the year 2003 after enduring many years of development (Roid, 2003). The SB5 is an assessment of both cognitive abilities and intelligence (Roid, 2003). The SB5 complete kit is provided via the publisher for the total price of $1...
Jean Piaget was a swiss expert whose theories on the nature of children’s thinking and learning have been extremely influential since the 1960s. In his theory, there are five key stages in relation to children of a young age. The first key stage was the ‘Stages of development’. Piaget argued that there was a natural path in which the development of thought, of a child, would follow. This was known as ‘genetic epistemology’. A child would have to be at certain stages of the development to learn new ideas and information. Therefore, Piaget identified four stages within this process. These stages of development were split into four sections; the Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, and Formal operations stages. The Sensorimotor stage was all about a child’s first two years of life. This is where a child would a toddler’s knowledge mainly came from physical action, from their senses. The toddler would become aware of object permanence. The Preoperational stage included children from the ages two to seven. In this stage, the child would learn to manipulate the environment around them and begin to identify different objects were words. The Concrete operational stage includes children from the ages of seven to eleven, this is whereby logical thoughts start to develop. They’re able to
Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development describes his belief that children try to actively make sense of the world rather than simply absorbing knowledge as previously thought. Piaget’s theory claims that as children grow and develop they experience four different cognitive stages of life. As a child grows through each stage they not only learn new information but the way he or she thinks also changes. “In other words, each new stage represents a fundamental shift in how the child thinks and understands the world” (Hockenbury, page 368).The first stage of Piaget’s theory, known as the sensorimotor stage, begins at birth and continues on until about age 2. As the name suggest, this stage is when children begin to discover
Like Piaget, Vygotsky claimed that infants are born with basic abilities for intellectual development. These are called Elementary Mental Functions and include processes like attention, sensation, perception and memory. When children develop within the socio-cultural environment, these are developed into more sophisticated and effective mental processes, also referred to as Higher Mental Functions. For example, culture can determine our perception and how we see things. One example could be tribe cultures; they might help children to understand that plants are living things, as much as animals are. This understanding might come about from being exposed and interacting with nature on daily basis. Children that grew up in towns and cities, on the other hand, might not get as much interaction with the nature and their understanding that plants are living things might come about later on. Vygotsky therefore sees cognitive functions as affected by our beliefs, values and tools of intellectual adaptation of the cultu...
The preoperational stage is the second stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. This stage starts at age two and lasts until age seven. During this stage children begin to learn through symbolic play such as make believe and play with others. During this stage there are types of limitations children experience three of the main limitations are egocentrism, inability to conserve and lack of hierarchical classification The first limitation, egocentrism is failure to distinguish symbolic viewpoint of others from one’s own. Children between the ages of three to seven are just begging to learn that what they see, hear and feel are not always the same as another person. The Three mountain task showed that three year olds are unable to accurately predict what someone on the other side of the mountain sees; they predict the other person will see what they see. The second limitation is the inability to understand conservation. Between the ages five and seven children begin to understand