World War II is known to be the most destructive war in history. It took place between 1939 and 1945 (The National WWII Museum 2000). During World War II, America’s first national spy agency, the Office of Strategic Services, was established (Nix 2015). Not only were there spies in the war, but there were also traitors. There were many spies in the war we did not know about, including a famous baseball player and a famous dancer. There was also a British traitor who widely affected the morale of the people.
One spy in the war was actually a former Major League Baseball player. Moe Berg played for the Brooklyn Robins (Brooklyn Dodgers), Chicago White Sox, Cleveland Indians, Washington Senators, and Boston Red Sox. He was known as the “brainiest man in baseball.” After retiring in 1939, Berg joined the Office of Inter-American Affairs. He was sent to Switzerland to assassinate German Physicist Werner Heisenberg, who was suspected of making a bomb for Adolf Hitler (Nix 2015).
Another spy was Josephine Baker. Baker was a famous dancer who also toured the United States performing in Broadway shows. She became an iconic celebrity in Europe and became a symbol of the 1920s Jazz Age. During the war, Baker served as an operative for the French Resistance. She attended multiple parties to try to
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get political and military information that could aid the Resistance. She mostly wrote all the information she obtained with invisible ink. Baker also helped Jewish refugees by giving them a place to hide in her manor in France (Nix 2014). William Joyce, also known as Lord Haw-Haw, was a British traitor.
Joyce is known for his Nazi propaganda radio broadcasts. After learning about British plans, he fled Germany days before the Nazis entered Poland with tanks. Joyce was hired by the Nazis to write and deliver English-language propaganda radio broadcasts with inaccurate information to discourage the British people and English-speaking troops. His broadcasts were a factor that affected public morale. Joyce kept delivering broadcasts until the end of the war. After multiple broadcasts, British soldiers recognized his voice and finally arrested him. Joyce was tried, convicted, and executed for high treason (Klein
2014). All in all, spies and traitors played a big role in World War II. One action of a spy or traitor could have completely changed the outcome of World War II. Without spies or traitors, countries would not have been able to obtain the information they needed or get missions done. With more than fifty nations in the world fighting, spies and traitors made a huge impact on World War II.
The American Revolution saw the rise of the American spy, and the father of these spies was George Washington, commander in Chief of the Continental Army. The siege of New York demonstrated the importance and dire need for intelligence to General Washington. Unfortunately, the difficulty, at least initially, lies with finding people willing and able to serve in this manner. Upon recognizing the necessity for a network of subterfuge, Washington created the Culper spy ring. Housed in New York City under the command of Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge, its purpose was more than merely gaining intelligence.
Female spies were a great help in the war. Men did not expect innocent women to be involved in such dangerous activities so they often were not found out at first. Men easily trusted the women spies and told them important military secrets. The spies would get information then write it on paper or material and sew it into their clothes or put it in their hair. With bigger stuff they would attach it to the hoops on their skirts and hide the stuff in dolls. People started to suspicious when the women spies started to do “inappropriate” actions “such as allowing men into their homes at all hours of the night, arranging meetings with men in various locations and riding on horses and in buggies unaccompanied.”
Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz was a “righteous gentile” who had a relatively normal life before World War II. He was born in 1904 (jfr.org). He worked with the international coffee trade (jfr.org), established a deep connection with the Danish people (forces-war-records.co.uk), and became friends with Werner Best (jfr.org). "Duckwitz was drawn to the Nazis’ ultranationalist propaganda and joined the party. However, as Hitler’s violent intentions came to light, he became disillusioned with the party (facinghistory.org)." He felt sorry for the Danish Jews and was disappointed that he had joined the Nazi party (facinghistory.org). Little did he know, his friend, Best, had overseen the murder of French and Polish Jews and well as requested (through
Josephine Baker was an exceptional woman who never depended on a man. She never hesitated to leave a man when she felt good and ready. In her lifetime she accomplished many great things. She adopted 12 children, served France during World War II, and was an honorable correspondent for the French Resistance.
?Espionage.? 2000-2004. The War to End All Wars. Michael Duffy. Original Material. Primary Documents Online.
Sulick, Michael J.. Spying in America espionage from the Revolutionary War to the dawn of the Cold War., Georgetown University Press, 2012
In this paper, I will do a case study on the Bay of Pigs and why the United States tried to conduct this attack. I will find out what intelligence led to this invasion attempt as well as what intelligence failures were made which resulted in the failure of the invasion. I will discuss what impact the Bay of Pigs had on the United States Intelligence community and what changes was made. I will end this paper with any findings I have concluded to if the failure has any affect on how the U.S. conducts intelligence in today’s world.
Not until Josephine moved to racially integrated Paris did she gain real fame with La Revue Nègre. Her more exotic and erotic stylings began at this time as well. Her clothes were unheard of and her movements were uninhibited. One her most famous outfits was a feather skirt, and nothing else. The costume that cemented her celebrity status included a skirt that composed of 16 bananas strung together which she wore in La Folie du Jour at the Follies-Bergère Theater after La Revue Nègre closed.
Aldrich Ames was one of the most notorious spys in United States history, single handily crippling the United States spy network in the Soviet Union, and compromising hundreds of Intelligence Operations around the world. Ames’ impact on the national security of the United States was devastating and the ramifications of his actions can still be felt today in the Intelligence Community. This paper will provide details into the background and the events surrounding Ames’ espionage and subsequent arrest for treason.
Frank Foley made a huge impact during World War II. Frank was born in Highbridge, Somerset, on November 24th, 1884. He was third of six children. His father was Andrew Wood Foley and his mother was Isabella Turnbull. He had a poor background and didn’t have a lot of money. He worked for Foreign Office and he was the head of British Passport Control Office in Germany. He moved to Berlin for a job, in 1920, where he found the job of a spy. Frank found out that he had to observe the Germans for political and social changes. “Foley is known to have saved an estimated 10,000 German Jews after Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power in Germany in 1933.” (Rescuer Story: Frank Foley. Holocaust Memorial Day Trust.) Frank Foley is recognized as a hero
Espionage is WWII was a factor that is commonly overlooked by the masses. Knowing how espionage was used will change the general thought on warfare during WWII. Espionage in WWII was the sole saver of D-Day and in the spies eyes the winning factor of the war. Spies during this time uncovered secrets of enemy nations as-well-as protected secrets of the nation they were backed by just as Juan Pujol Garcia did with the invasion of Normandy. Britain during this time of war had picked up a number of spies that Germany thought were in there own back pocket. The relatively unknown story of espionage in WWII is a huge event in the winning of the war it in many ways
While espionage was a legitimate issue during WWI, it was not to the extent that the US government made it seem.
Among the spies of the 20th century, Kim Philby was a master of his craft. “To betray, you must first belong,” Kim Philby once said. Philby betrayed his colleagues, his friends, his wives, and most of all his country. He did all this in the secret service of the Soviet Union. The effects of this master spy’s operations set the stage for post-World War II in Europe.
One of Adolf Hitler's closest allies, Heinrich Himmler was the chief of the SS and perpetrator of genocide. Directly responsible for the deaths of six million Jews in German concentration camps and collectively responsible for the deaths of over 46 million Europeans, Heinrich Himmler became one of the most feared men in Nazi Germany.
When people think of stereotypical spies, usually they are suave and sexy, and their lives are exciting adventures where the y always win and get the girl. This image of a spy comes from movies, TV shows, and books. In reality, spies work for a government or other organizations by secretly collecting information about enemies or competitors. Although the majority of the spies were discovered, they have helped countries win wars. During World War II, spies were sent to Germany and Japan to get secrets about the enemy, such as communication codes or plans for advancement. Spies were also sent from Germany and Japan to the United States. Spies were hidden as soldiers, commanders, and saboteurs. Although British spies determination had