More handpicked essays just for you.
Discussing the contributions of John Napier
Discussing the contributions of John Napier
Discussing the contributions of John Napier
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
John Napier-
John Napier was born in Merchiston Tower in Scotland, 1550. He was known as the “Marvelous Merchiston”, a title received for his genius and imaginative vision in a number of fields. Napier studied briefly at St. Andrews University beginning at the age of 13. On his marriage in 1572, he was provided with an estate by his father, Sir Archibald Napier of Mechiston. He passed the remainder of his life as a land proprietor, devoting his free time to mathematics, invention, and theology. Napier died at Merchiston castle on April 14, 1617.
Beginning in about 1594, Napier worked for 20 years in developing ideas on logarithms and tables of logarithms. During this period he elaborated his systems whereby products, quotients, and roots could quickly be determined from his tables, which showed powers of 10 with a fixed number used as a base.
Napier’s system relied on the fact that all numbers can be expressed in exponential form. For instance, in a base 2 system, 4 can be written as 2 and 8 can be written as 2 , while 5, 6, and 7 can be written using some fractional exponent between 2 and 3. Once numbers were written in this exponential form, multiplication could be done basically by adding the exponents, and division could be done by subtracting the exponents. This considerably simplified computations such as trigonometric calculations used in astronomy.
Napier finally published his tables of logarithms in 1614 in his
“Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio” (A description of the marvelous rule of logarithms) which also told the steps which had led to their invention.
In 1615 the English mathematician Henry Briggs talked with Napier, and together they developed the rules of Common logarithms, using 10 as a base.
Briggs published his tables of Common logarithms in 1617.
Napier’s second published work on logarithms, the “Mirifici Logarithmorum
John Wade “.It wasn’t just the war that made him what he was. That’s too easy to do. It was everything – his whole nature.” – Eleanor K. Wade. IS THIS AN ADEQUATE EXPLANATION FOR WHAT HAPPENS TO JOHN WADE? John Wade left America a human being, yet came back a human killer.
Sir John A. Macdonald was one of Canada's founding fathers. He is most remembered as being Canada's first Prime Minister, running the government from July 1, 1867 until November 5, 1873. Macdonald would become Prime Minister once again on October 17, 1878 and would stay in this position until June 6,1891. While he was leader of the country he faced his own share of political obstacles, including Confederation, the Metis rebellion and threats of an American he is among the greatest leaders Canada has ever seen and played a significant part in the forming of Canada as a country.
league and in 1593 he defeated his enemies and announced that he was converting to
African Americans are still facing segregation today that was thought to have ended many years ago. Brown v. Board of Education declared the decision of having separate schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. As Brown v. Board of Education launches its case, we see how it sets the infrastructure to end racial segregation in all public spaces. Today, Brown v. Board of Education has made changes to our educational system and democracy, but hasn’t succeeded to end racial segregation due to the cases still being seen today. Brown v. Board of Education to this day remains one of the most important cases that African Americans have brought to the surface for the good of the United States. Brown v. Board of Education didn’t just focus on children and education, it also focused on how important equality is even when society claimed that African Americans were treated equal, when they weren’t. This was the case that opened the eyes of many American’s to notice that the separate but equal strategy was in fact unlawful.
Bruce K. Alexander’s essay “reframing Canada’s drug problem is about how the focus needs to be shifting from intervention to prevention
Education has always been valued in the African American community. During slavery freed slaves and those held captive, organized to educate themselves. After emancipation the value of education became even more important to ex-slaves, as it was their emblem of freedom and a means to full participation in American Society (Newby & Tyack, 1971). During this time many schools for African Americans were both founded and maintained by African Americans. African Americans continued to provide education throughout their own communities well into the 1930’s (Green, McIntosh, Cook-Morales, & Robinson-Zanartu, 2005). The atmosphere of these schools resembled a family. The teachers along with principals extended the role of parenting and shaped student learning and discipline (Siddle-Walker, cited in Morris, 1999). African American Schools were embedded within the community and were viewed as good.
King Lear has been in a position of authority and superiority. This position shapes King Lear into a man full of pride. However, as King Lear’s age grows, his emotional needs also grows. It is the false pride of Lear that blinded him with his emotional needs. King Lear behaved rashly and irresponsibly at the start of the play. Deep within Lear, he realizes that it is time for him to retired from this position of honor. Despite this realization, Lear’s pride keeps him from letting go of his power. King Lear wants the title and treatment of a king, but he does not want the work and obligations of the position. Therefore, when he makes the choice of letting his daughters to govern the kingdom, it foreshadows the strapping away of his p...
Bruce K. Alexander’s essay “Reframing Canada’s ‘Drug Problem’” is about shifting the focus from intervention to prevention. Alexander explains that in Canada there have been three major waves of drug intervention: “Criminal prosecution and intensive anti-drug” (225), “medicinal and psychological treatment” (225), and the ‘“harm reduction’ techniques” (225) being the most resent. The “’harm reduction’” (225) consisted of: clean injectable heroin, clean needles, methadone, and housing for addicts. Although each of the methods is devoted and knowledgeable, they have done little to decrease the deaths or suppress the unhappiness. While clean heroin did work well few addicts quit using and many found
Carter G. Woodson, the father of Black History once wrote, “If you can control a man's thinking you do not have to worry about his action. When you determine what a man shall think you do not have to concern yourself about what he will do”. During the 19th and early 20th centuries segregation in American public schools was part of the norm and many black schools were inferior to white schools. In the early 1950s, Brown v. Board of Education, a poignant case in the fight for the desegregation of schools was presented to the U.S District Court for the District of Kansas. The defense ruled that “segregated schools simply prepared black children for the segregation they would face during adulthood.” After great deliberation, the court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs banishing the “separate but equal” rule, making it unethical to allow segregation in public schools. Desegregation did not integrate the schools, instead it removed the educational curricula for schools, paralyzing the educational system and victimizing children both black and white. This desegregation created a new kind of segregation, one that will determine the future of young minds and undermine the ability of minority children branding them average or low-achieving. In the struggle for quality education, school professionals and experts limit educational progressiveness using tracking and no child left behind.
Once again, the author defines critical thinking as “...evaluation. Critical thinking, therefore, may be defined as the process by which we test claims and arguments and determine which have merit and which do not. In other words, critical thinking is a search for answers, a quest. (19)”. The author defines critical thinking as proposing questions and seeking answers, also inspecting arguments and claims that are tied to the issue. Applied to the school curriculum, the course would entail critical thinking and evaluation of judgements and perceptions of acceptable values and conduct towards others. Employing critical thinking and analysis into the class curriculum, students then also grow to become more mature in their decisions as critical thinkers. Various traits of critical thinkers are listed by Ruggiero, where he states that experienced thinkers are honest with themselves and their own limited knowledge, see problems and issues as intellectual challenges, remain patient yet curious, draw conclusions from logic rather than personal emotion, open-minded, and think before acting (21-22). These listed traits are all extremely beneficial to the development of the student’s personalized conscience and would only broaden their internal horizons for understanding their moral
The research done in 2005 revealed that the Black American students who studied at white dominated schools were very low than in any year since 1968 (Thomas 57).” According to Thomas (102), many factors contributed to rapid re-segregation of schools since 1991. The court turned against the desegregation plan adopted earlier by denying new petitions to desegregate schools, the executive arm reduced the initiatives to enforce the Civil Rights Act and Brown right that was so successful in the 1970s (Donnor and Dixson 2013).
Though, the rule motivation to desegregate neighborhoods is very difficult by a growing ignorance of the nation’s racial history. It must be talked about improving the social and economic conditions that bring too many students to school unprepared to take advantage of what even the best schools have to offer. There is a strong feeling of racial inequality in today's school systems, which harmfully effects the quality of education that its students receive. A schools potential to give an appropriate education often depends on the viewpoint on racial backgrounds of its students. America's school systems seem to be returning to their past state of segregation. There is an unfortunately small number of minority children who are lucky enough to attend such quality schools but white children defiantly make up the majority of upper class high. “All of them, of course, were white, and desegregation was far from their minds” (Margolick
Logarithms initially originated in an early form along of logarithm tables published by the Augustinian Monk Michael Stifel when he published ’Arithmetica integra’ in 1544. In the same publication, Stifel also became the first person to use the word ‘exponent’ and the first to indicate multiplication without the use of a symbol. In addition to mathematical findings, he also later anonymously published his prediction that at 8:00am on the 19th of October 1533, the world would end and it would be judgement day. However the Scottish astronomer, physicist, mathematician and astrologer John Napier is more famously known as the person who discovered them due to his work in 1614 called ‘Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio’. The reason they were created is to present and express numbers in a new form that was easy to work with. He was successful, as logarithms can be applied in many functions which are used commonly today. They were even more useful back around the time they were created however, as there were no calculators in existence. Scientists (astronomers in particular) had to do massive amounts of calculations on paper which was very time consuming and inconvenient. When logarithms were introduced to them, they weren’t obliged to spend so much time on tedious arithmetic. Logarithms are essentially just exponents, as they show values by using a base number that is raised to a given exponent. Stifel created his logarithm tables to change complicated multiplication and division problems into addition and subtraction equations.
While critical thinking is important in all occupations, it must begin in childhood. Teachers must help their students to develop critical thinking modalities. Critical thinking helps considerably in problem solving. Without critical thinking, one must rely on old and outdated informat...
Understand that the two digits of a two-digit number represent amounts of tens and ones. Understand the following as special cases: