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Martin luther king
The impact of Martin Luther King on the civil rights movement
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In the south, the Jim Crow laws were to some degree more apparent than in the south in States, such as Alabama, Louisiana, and Missouri. Cities such as Birmingham had awful nicknames which reflected the zeitgeist of that time period. Nicknames such as "Bombngham". The treatment of the black community was inhumane and it rallied many protests. The unequal treatment led to the rise of many activists, and activist organization. Many of these organizations meet at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham. This was a common meeting ground which many individuals came to hear leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. speak or to meet before a march because it was close to the downtown area. The importance of the church was one of the causes it was
Chapter 5 showed the contrast between King and fellow black civil rights leader, Malcolm X. Malcolm X did not believe in nonviolent protest and did not sit well with "integration". King believed in conciliatory efforts between blacks and whites while Malcolm X was a separatist and believed in "Black Nationalism". King needed to succeed and force action from Kennedy to prevent other people from becoming extremists. Birmingham, Alabama nicknamed "Bombingham" held a lot of racial tension during the civil right movement; King and his forces decided to take action there. King led marches which in turn brought on confrontations from white authorities. Again, The plight of black people under white savagery tugged on the moral strings of viewers and brought more sympathizers to the cause. The gains won in the struggle in Birmingham reignited black hope and confidence in the power of "mass social dislocation to overcome white intransigence"
Today, more African American adults are under correctional control than were enslaved in 1850, a decade before the Civil War began (Alexander 180). Throughout history, there have been multiple racial caste systems in the United States. In her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, Michelle Alexander defines a “racial caste” as “a racial group locked into an inferior position by law and custom” (12). Alexander argues that both Jim Crow and slavery functioned as racial caste systems, and that our current system of mass incarceration functions as a similar caste system, which she labels “The New Jim Crow”. There is now a silent Jim Crow in our nation. Mass incarceration today serves the same function as did slavery before the Civil War and Jim Crow laws after the Civil War - to uphold a racial caste system.
The Jim Crow era was a racial status system used primarily in the south between the years of 1877 and the mid 1960’s. Jim Crow was a series of anti-black rules and conditions that were never right. The social conditions and legal discrimination of the Jim Crow era denied African Americans democratic rights and freedoms frequently. There were numerous ways in which African Americans were denied social and political equality under Jim Crow. Along with that, lynching occurred quite frequently, thousands being done over the era.
“In spite of my shattered dreams of the past, I came to Birmingham with the hope that the white religious leadership of this community would see the justice of our cause and with deep moral concern serve as the channel through which our just grievances could get to the power structure.” This appeal seems logical enough, the church is typically the first to offer aid and is usually quick to join a cause that benefits mankind. However in the case of Birmingham King said, “But again I have been disappointed.” This is because of the inaction of the southern white church who stood passively as their Christian brethren struggled, this is perhaps the greatest cause of King’s frustration. The idea that Christians would ignore the suffering of those around them was, perhaps, novel to King, who strongly believed in loving thy neighbor as thyself. For him this inaction was possibly similar to a slap in the face, to be ignored by other Christians whom he should have been able to rely on based on principle. King does mention a few noble white churches whom helped in the struggle such as “Reverend Stallings, for your Christian stand this past Sunday in welcoming Negroes to your Baptist Church worship service on a
Danny Thiemann Mrs. Fleetwood English I-C 13 April 2014 Separate but not equal Does the name Jim Crow ring a bell? Neither singer nor actor, but actually the name for the Separate but Equal (Jim Crow) Laws of the 1900s. Separate but Equal Laws stated that businesses and public places had to have separate, but equal, facilities for minorities and Caucasian people. Unfortunately, they usually have different levels of maintenance or quality.
Some SCLC members grew frustrated with his indecisiveness. "I have never seen myself so troubled", one of my friends later said. After King prayed and reflected alone in his hotel room, he and the campaign leaders decided to defy the injunction and prepared for mass arrests of campaign supporters. To build morale and to recruit volunteers to go to jail, Ralph Abernathy spoke at a mass meeting of Birmingham's black citizens at the 16th Street Baptist Church: "The eyes of the world are on Birmingham tonight. Bobby Kennedy is looking here at Birmingham, the United States Congress is looking at Birmingham. The Department of Justice is looking at Birmingham. Are you ready, are you ready to make the challenge? I am ready to go to jail, are you?" With Abernathy, I was among 50 Birmingham residents ranging in age from 15 to 81 years who were arrested on Good Friday, April 12, 1963. I believe that it was my 13th
The Birmingham and march in Washington included a lot of people. There were some school children that were involved, and non-violent protesters. Even though the protesters weren’t armed the police officers had sticks, firearms, and police dogs. The purpose of this march was to get rid of discrimination. Martin Luther King Jr. found the march the right opportunity to tell people more about the civil rights act. The reason for this march was because blacks wanted freedom and more job opportunities.
“Jim Crow was more than a series of rigid anti-black laws. It was a way of life.” (“What was Jim Crow?”). The laws created a divided America and made the United States a cruel place for over 70 years. The Jim Crow Laws caused segregation in the education system, social segregation, and limited job opportunities for African Americans.
Equality is something that should be given to every human and not earned or be taken away. However, this idea does not present itself during the 1930’s in the southern states including Alabama. African Americans faced overwhelming challenges because of the thought of race superiority. Therefore, racism in the southern states towards African Americans made their lives tough to live because of disparity and inhumane actions towards this particular group of people.
The laws known as “Jim Crow” were laws presented to basically establish racial apartheid in the United States. These laws were more than in effect for “for three centuries of a century beginning in the 1800s” according to a Jim Crow Law article on PBS. Many try to say these laws didn’t have that big of an effect on African American lives but in affected almost everything in their daily life from segregation of things: such as schools, parks, restrooms, libraries, bus seatings, and also restaurants. The government got away with this because of the legal theory “separate but equal” but none of the blacks establishments were to the same standards of the whites. Signs that read “Whites Only” and “Colored” were seen at places all arounds cities.
Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. had faith in his beliefs of equality, and that all people, regardless of race should be free and governed under the same laws. In the later part of the 1960's, Birmingham, Alabama, the home of King, was considered to be the most racially divided city in the South. "Birmingham is so segregated, we're within a cab ride of being in Johannesburg, South Africa", 1 when King said this he was only speaking half jokingly. In Birmingham the unwritten rule towards blacks was that "if the Klan doesn't stop you, the police will."2 When King decided that the time had come to end the racial hatred, or at least end the violence, he chose to fight in a non-traditional way. Rather than giving the white people the pleasure of participating in violent confrontations, King believed if they fought without violence for their rights, they would have a faster success rate. King also saw Birmingham as the major problem in America.
The Declaration of Independence stated that, "All men are created equal" but this statement did not have any meaning for white men between 1876- 1965 due to the institution of slavery. The Thirteenth Amendment was passed in 1865and put an end to slavery. The Fourteenth Amendment granted equal protection under law, and the Fifteenth Amendment gave black people the right to vote. Despite these Amendments, African Americans were still treated differently than whites. According to the law, blacks and whites could not use the same public facilities, ride the same buses, attend the same schools, etc. These laws came to be known as Jim Crow laws. The documentary focused on Charles Hamilton Houston, also known as “the man who killed Jim Crow.” He was a prominent African American lawyer, Dean of Howard University Law School, and the director of The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He began his fight against segregation between whites and blacks alone but gradually started to encourage other young lawyers to join him in his fight. These young lawyers continu...
Jim Crow laws are laws which were meant to segregate whites from blacks and to prohibit blacks from obtaining the same social status as whites. Jim Crow laws were in effect for nearly a century, from around 1875 to approximately 1964. These laws were primarily used in South but were also loosely used in the North. These laws came from the post war South where racial stresses were still high. With the passing of these laws came violence and aggression for those, for and against these laws. The South was hard to change, as is the world.
Racism is nothing new and has held people back from doing what they want to do in life for years just due to the fact that they are a different skin color or have different cultural beliefs. Shunning people and putting them down just do the fact that they either look different or have different beliefs is one of the most destructive things possible as a human race. The majority of the white people living in the 1940s and 1950s would follow the means of what society was during that time and had little intentions of changing it. This is due to the fact of how long racism has been around and how it was implemented into the american society. There was even some laws that would make racism acceptable such as the jim crow laws. Jim Crow laws were
His role in the "Southern Christian Leadership Conference” was the president. This organization helped many African Americans in their advancement of civil rights. It was founded January 10, 1957 in Atlanta, GA. and is still in foundation today. Dr. Ralph David Abernathy, Rev. C. K. Steele, Rev. T. J. Jemison of Baton Rouge, and Attorney I. M. Augustine, all helped him but together this organization. They used peaceful protesting to make their point for equality. One of there most famous moments was Rosa Parks