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History of the Jews in the United States
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Has assimilation been bad for Judaism?
Samuel Heilman made it clear that materialistic gain has led to the fall of
Jewish culture. Have Jews turned their religious lives solely to conform to the
Catholic American society? Heilman gives the argument that since Jews have moved up the socio-economic ladder, they actually lost focus on what it means to be a Jew. One must first answer the question of what is being Jewish? Is it simply something inherited? Does it mean living ones life solely regarding what the Torah tells one to do? Is the answer much more complicated than following rules, which were built for a time that was completely different? The Jewish religion has lasted thousands of years, which were filled with intolerance and murder, why is Samuel Heilman blaming the free Jews of today for being different than their predecessors? One must look at events, which Jews have had to endure, to fully comprehend the nature of why they have changed so vastly. Jews came to the United States to escape persecution and gain economic security, why are their grandchildren complaining of the state of Judaism, 100 years later?
Since the beginning of time Jews have endured anti-Semitic regimes, which killed Jews merely for being Jewish. A clear illustration would be the past 150 years, which later involved a mass migration of Jewish people, to the United
States. Jews began
Gergely 2 leaving Europe because laws did not allow them to have common freedoms, which we take for granted presently. Jews subsequently came to the United to escape persecution. Jews came from countries as different as
Russia and Germany with two common bonds. Religion and having endured some form of persecution. Experiencing the pains of persecution, prepared Jews for any possible experience awaiting them in the United States.
Most Jews arrived in Ellis Island without a penny in their pocket. Jews settled in a part of New York that was called The Lower East Side. Jews chose the Lower East Side, because it was the only place one could arrive and not have to immediately assimilate into American society. These Jews began their economic endeavors with the only profession they knew, commerce. Trade was their main form of economic gain, the only profession that was allowed in
Europe. In America, Jews had to follow the American govt., instead of the
Kahilla. Not being singled out meant that Jews had to pu...
... middle of paper ...
...past. Jews have responded by living in the United States peacefully and together with people of other religions. Cultural assimilation does not mean the end of Judaism. It means
Jews will now be able to spread their word of God, without prejudice. Presently, there are less restrictions on Judaic practice, than in the past. This will ultimately lead to the distribution of the Jewish practice; not it's demise
Gergely 12
References
American Council For Judaism: A Statement of Policy.
Feb. 1944
Diner, Hasia R. A Time For Gathering: Striving for The Sacred. The
Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore and London. 1992.
Heilman, Samuel C. Portrait of American Jews:The Last Half of the 20th
Century. University of Washington Press. Seattle and London. 1995.
Howe, Irving. A Margin of Hope: In the Movement. Harcourt Brace Jovanich,
Publishers. San Diego, New York, London. 1982
Prell, Ellen. Fighting to Become Americans: The Jewish American Princess.
Beacon Press. Boston. 1999.
Revel, Bernard. Builder of American Orthodoxy; The American Yeshiva. Publication
Society of America. Philadelphia. 1972.
Sachar, Howard M. A History Of The Jews In America. Vintage Books. NY. 1992.
At that time director-general Peter Stuyvesant wanted to keep the Jews out of his diverse town. Stuyvesant described the Jews as “deceitful, very repugnant” and “hateful enemies and blasphemers of the name of Christ” which led to most of the original group leaving (Stavans, 2005, p. 2). This reaction to Jews has been a common occurrence throughout history, both in the United States and abroad. Stuyvesant, seeing the economic growth the Jews brought with them, eventually allowed them to stay and eventually embraced their intellectual stamina (Stavans, 2005, p. 2).
George Schuyler’s article “The Negro Art Hokum” argues that the notion of African-American culture as separate from national American culture is nonsense. To Schuyler, all seemingly distinct elements of African-American culture and artistic endeavors from such are influenced by the dominant white American culture, and therefore, only American. The merit of Schuyler’s argument stems from the fact that it is practically impossible for one culture to exist within the confines of another without absorbing certain characteristics. The problem with Schuyler’s argument that Langston Hughes notes in his response article, “The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain,” is that it assumes complete assimilation of African-Americans by a singular national culture. Fundamental to Hughes’ rebuttal is the allowance of a unique African-American culture extant of the standards of a singular American cultural identity. For Hughes, this unique culture lies within the working-class, out of sight of the American national culture. This culture, while neither completely African nor American, maintains the vibrant and unique roots of the African-American experience. Schuyler advocates cultural assimilation, while Hughes promotes cultural pluralism, in which minority cultures maintain their distinctive qualities in the face of a dominant national identity.
Open market operations are performed under the direction of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) and is the trading of securities with primary dealers. The discount rate is the interest rate that the Federal Reserve sets for lending to other banks, and the reserve requirement is the minimum amount of money a bank must have in the vault for deposit withdrawls. Of these three tools, the Federal Reserve primarily used the open market operations because it is the most flexible monetary policy tool and it allows the FED to influence the federal funds rate, which is the rate that banks borrow from each other. Open market operations are the quickest, most effective way to influence the economy. A simple breakdows is this; the FED buys securities from banks which injects money into the banks allowing them to loan more out. The injection of money lowers the interest rates, making it easier to obtain credit which increases spending and the economic activity grows. On the reverse, if the FED sells the securities back to the banks, I takes the money out of the system which raises interest rates, reducing economic activity. The direct discount rate often followed by other interest rates, therefore, if drastic changes to the direct discount rate were made, it would mean that interest rates would follow, which could negatively
Hertzberg, Arthur. (1973). The Jews of the United States. New York: Quadrangle/ The New York Times Book Co.
During the interwar period of the twentieth century, Jewish immigrants and American born Jews faced increasing ant-Semitism and discrimination. The external pressure of anti-Semitism and discrimination led to many Jews facing internal anxieties and conflicts about being Jewish and fitting into American society. Assimilation during this period meant fitting into the white gentile majority’s standard of appearance, mannerisms, and middle class ideals. Common stereotypical images from the time depict Jews with large noses and curly hair, women were often portrayed as dominant over their Jewish husbands, and Jews were often seen as manipulative, controlling, and money grubbing. Jews’ limited social acceptance came on by completely abandoning their Jewish identity and avoiding falling into stereotypical images, which was often impossible. These external pressures and internal anxieties did not make assimilation difficult, they made it impossible. Therefore, assimilation only existed as a term and not as an achievable reality. Although many Jews tried to assimilate during the interwar period, they could not because assimilation was only an illusion, a fallacy that no Jew could achieve.
Over the past few years we have realized the impact that the Federal Government has on our economy, yet we never knew enough about the subject to understand why. While taking this Economics course it has brought so many things to our attention, especially since we see inflation, gas prices, unemployment and interest rates on the rise. It has given us a better understanding of the effect of the Government on the economy, the stock market, the interest rates, etc. Since the Federal Government has such a control over our Economy, we decided to tackle the subject of the Federal Reserve System and try to get a better understanding of the history, the structure, and the monetary policy of the power that it holds.
Many people in America want to assimilate to the U.S. because they think that being American is a better option. People such as the Italians in the 1870s tried to assimilate in order to become an American to not become an enemy in the U.S. Also, the Mexicans today are constantly coming to the U.S. to have a better life because they know being American is the best solution for their problems at home. What assimilation mean is when a person leaves one’s own culture to join a different culture the person wants to be. For the purpose of this essay, an American is a person who has commitment to succeed in what one wants, able to speak english, to love the pop culture in the U.S. at the time one is living such as the hit songs, games, T.V. shows, etc. but not to other cultures, and be a citizen in America. People throughout history must assimilate to become a true American
The Jews were different from the general population of the countries where they were. They had different customs, had a different religion and dressed different. Because they were grouped in the ghettos these differences were increased. However, when Germany became a nation in 1871, there was a halt in anti-Semitic laws. In 1900, Jews could buy houses, and while they were subject to restrictions, they were more comfortable under Ge...
The Federal Reserve plays a significant role in maintaining the stability and liquidity (the ability to turn an asset into cash) of the financial system by working towards low and stable inflation and also strive to encourage growth in output and employment . A second component, the Federal Reserve Board...
...gional Federal Reserve Bank. Monetary policy regarding open market operations is established by the FOMC. Policy regarding reserve requirements and the discount rate is determined by the Federal Reserve Bank. Another role in which the Federal Reserve plays a major part is in the supervision and regulation of the U.S. banking system. The examination of institutions for safety and solidity - banking supervision - is shared with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, which supervises national banks, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which supervises state banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve System. The implementation of the Federal Reserve in 1913 was truly a great assett to financial and American well being. Without the Federal Reserve, we would have no agency to control monetary policy and push the economy towards full employement.
Another problem prior to the establishment of the Federal Reserve System was the inelasticity of bank credit and the supply of money. Small banks placed their excess reserves in large central reserve banks. Whenever a bank’s depositors wanted their funds, the smaller banks would be covered by the central banks. The system worked well during normal conditions. Some banks would draw down on their reserves as other banks would be building up their reserves. In times of excessive demand, however, the problem became quite serious. When the public wanted large amounts of currency, the
Multiculturalism vs Assimilation America is a place where many cultures and races co-exist, so there are many different opinions and beliefs. Of course there is bound to be tension and misunderstandings, which unfortunately escalates (in some cases) into violence that we hear about in the media. So what is the solution? Should we all assimilate to one standard or should we recognize our individual cultures and consider ourselves multicultural? The answer is not an easy one to define.
The first major aspect of the monetary policy by the Federal Reserve is its interest rate policy. This interest rate policy is mainly determined by the figure for the federal funds rate, which is the rate at which commercial banks with balances held within the Federal Reserve can borrow from each other overnight in ord...
Not all Jewish communities continued on their faith with YHWH. Before the exile, many communities began to scatter all over the Middle East, Egypt and Babylon; however, the exile...
Wren mentioned in his article that happiness can be categorized in two ways. The long term happiness that includes high level of education, accomplishments, jobs, etc. Basically anything that helps us in the long run. The other one he mentioned was the short term happiness, that includes things like personal possessions like cloths or jewelry, automobiles, money etc., anything he says that makes us happy for a short period in our lives. We all can acknowledge a person that can related to such happiness. I work with a architect who learned the business with out going to school for the education, he learned everything hands on in the field. He got a job at a firm for 4 years but was not happy the last year he worked. He ended up taking the leap of faith and started his own business that is now run by his own 3 kids. He doesn 't care about the money like his sons do, he is more proud of his accomplishments he did in his life. Happiness can be appreciated by the big things we have but we must also appreciate the little things as well. Do not let the little thing that make us happy be more important than the greater achievements we