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Conclusions of down syndrome
Introduction to down syndrome
Introduction to down syndrome
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Jérôme Lejeune Jérôme Lejeune is a very interesting saint in the field of science. He discovered the reason for Down syndrome, was awarded the William Allen Award, and started a major pro-life movement. I chose Jérôme because he died more recently, so I thought his impact on our world could still be the cause of many more questions that scientists are still investigating. He also inspires me because he helped people become pro-life, and I hope that someday I can do the same. Down syndrome is a disorder that can be the cause of problems in social skills or learning abilities, as well as different physical appearances. This disorder has been very common for years, but when it was first discovered, scientists did not know what caused Down …show more content…
Chromosomes are genetic material that is present in every cell of all living things. They are responsible for cell functions, which eventually lead to body functions. Lejeune made an astonishing discovery in 1959 using advanced scientific techniques. He revealed that people with Down syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome twenty-one, which makes a total of forty-seven chromosomes. Scientists today are faced with the question: What causes this abnormality? Without Jérôme’s discovery, we would not be able to make advances in science with this disorder. Therefore, his discovery still affects our world today. Jérôme Lejeune received the William Allen Award in 1969, which is the highest award for genetics. To receive this award, one has to make advancements in the field of human genetics (“ASHG Awards”). However, Lejeune’s discoveries soon lead to complications for innocent unborn …show more content…
Using DNA sample of a fetus, scientists can make a slide to determine if a child will be born with disabilities, or in this case, 21-trisomy syndrome, better known as Down syndrome. If doctors see forty-seven chromosomes in their slide, they can accurately diagnose the child with Down syndrome. Parents who are unwilling to care for a child with mental disabilities have a choice “to kill or not to kill” (Lejeune, Jerome). Sadly, not all discoveries move in a positive direction, but Lejeune was determined to decrease the increasing number of abortions around the world. He formed the pro-life foundation, the Jérôme Lejeune Foundation (Knap, Patty). Lejuene made many scientific discoveries, but he was also a very devout Catholic. He dedicated his life to God and taking care of people with mental disabilities. He has been in the process of being canonized since April, 2012. The Roman Catholic Church has awarded him with the title of “Servant of God” along with many other names (“Jerôme LeJeune Towards...”). It is no doubt that Jérôme Lejuene has impacted our world today. He discovered the cause of numerous disabilities starting with an extra copy of a chromosome. Lejuene inspires me to expand our world’s knowledge, while offering everything up to God. Works Cited
“ASHG Awards .” The American Society of Human Genetics , The American Society of Human Genetics , 2017,
Abortion is a considered a sensitive topic in society; as a result it is not frequently mentioned or discussed. However; Marquis has decided to voice his opinion on the matter.
Recent high profile cases, films and books all around the world including the UK, Australia and the United States have brought to the public’s attention a new type of IVF. ‘Embryo Selection’ meaning ‘Embryos are fertilised outside the body and only those with certain genes are selected and implanted in the womb.’ Henceforth meaning that doctors are now able to select specific embryo’s and implant them into the mother of who may have another sick child in order to gain genetic material such as bone marrow which will match the ill-fated child and therefore hopefully be able to save their life. Creating a ‘saviour sibling’. ‘A child conceived through selective in vitro fertilization as a potential source of donor organs or cells for an existing brother or sister with a life-threatening medical condition’ a definition given by Oxford Dictionaries (1.0). Cases of this are happening all around the globe and many are highly documented about. The most famous case could be noted as in the fictional book of ‘My Sisters Keeper’ By Jodi Picoult. I will further discuss this throughout my dissertation and how books and films can affect the view on certain ethical subjects. Furthermore, I am also going to discuss a range of factors such as certain religious beliefs and the physical creation of saviour siblings compared to the creation of designer babies. Strong views are held by many both for and against the creation of saviour siblings.
Thomson provides the example of being hooked up for nine months to provide dialysis to an ailing violinist to expose how a fetus’s right to life does not supersede a mother’s right to make medical decisions about her body (48-49). I find that this thought experiment especially helpful in understanding how even though a fetus does have a right to life, because the continuation of their life hinges on the consent of their mother to use her body, it falls to the mother to choose whether or not to allow the fetus to develop to term.
The argument for fetal research is fairly straightforward. Because of the unique characteristics of cells from human beings in early stages of development, research on embryos and fetuses may provide key weapons in the fight against disease. Fetal tissue holds promise in treating Parkinson’s disease, in ending certain kinds of paralysis, in helping those with diabetes, MS, as well as in treating patients with Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease. Others have argued that fetal tissue holds promise for treatment of sickle cell anemia, leukemia, and AIDS. Fetal retinal transplants may be a promising treatment for some 100,000 Americans suffering from old age blindness.
The word abortion brings out a variety of attitudes & perceptions amongst people. The topic is surrounded by emotion and empathy, which often creates a divide, those who view abortion as permissible and those who do not. In “Bioethics Before Birth," Tooley and Marquis provide their arguments on abortion. Their arguments share some similarities but their viewpoints and delivery set them apart. I will evaluate and compare the differences and similarities in their arguments.
Francis S. Collins is a renowned geneticist who originally became Ph.D in Physical Chemistry at Yale University and later on, a Medical Doctor at University of North Carolina. As soon as he graduated he was offered a fellowship in Human Genetics at Yale University under the guidance of Sherman Weissman, currently Sterling Professor of Genetics. In the late 1980’s Collins became known in the field of Medical Genetics for his development of positional cloning, a technique that allows to locate a hereditary disease-causing gene by studying the inheritance pattern within a family. Working with his method researchers found the genes responsible for diseases like Cystic fibrosis, Huntington’s disease, Neurofibromatosis, Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type one, and Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. In 1993 Dr. Collins succeeded Dr. James D. Watson as the director of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), overseeing the role of the United States in the mapping of the human genome. In 2009 President Obama personally recommended Collins to lead the National Institute of Health (NIH) where he works until present day. Francis S. Collins is by no means a bragging individual, bits and pieces of his accomplishments are scattered throughout the book and he makes no big deal about it; instead he j...
In 1990, the first great stride of genetics took place. This was called the Human Genome Project, a large-scale operation that was designed to understand the human genome (genetic structure). Since its commencement, there have been many leaps and bounds that have taken place. For certain genetic issues that we once knew nothing about, we no...
Boston: Bedford/St. Martin,. 304 - 316 mm. Print. The. Newman, Stuart A.. “The Hazards of Human Developmental Gene Modification.”
There is no actual behavior or environmental factor that could cause Down syndrome. Down syndrome is mainly caused by three different disorders. Trisomy 21, Mosaic Down Syndrome, or Translocation Down Syndrome, are three different types of causes. “Trisomy 21. About 95 percent of the time, Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21 — the child has three copies of chromosome 21 (instead of the usual two copies) in all cells. This is caused by abnormal cell division during the development of the sperm cell or the egg cell.” Trisomy is the most common cause for the Down syndrome disorder. The Mosaic Down syndrome is a one of the rare causes that the disorder has. This happens when both normal and abnormal are caused by cell division after fertilization. Translocation Down Syndrome occurs when a part of the chromosome 21 attaches itself to another chromosomes and then it has two unusual copies of the chromosome. Children who have the disorder are different individuals and have different facial appearance. “Infants with Down syndrome may be average size, but typically they grow slowly and remain shorter than other children the same age. In general, developmental milestones, such as sitting and crawling, occur at about twice the age of children without impairment.” Knowing about all the causes or symptoms in Down syndrome can help to try to figure out a way to help the
Having Down syndrome is like being born normal. I am just like you, and you are just like me. We are all born in different ways, that is the way I can describe it. I have a normal life"(Burke, C., n.d.). Where special education is concerned, one must always remember that exceptional learners are different, not less.
In order to cure children affected by genetic disorders, families may decide to have another child to provide stem cells for the child who has the condition they want to correct. This child or concept is known as savior sibling. The umbilical cord blood or bone marrow is used to cure, save, or alleviate the older affected child (Sui and Sleeboom-Faulkner, 2010). The hope is that the savior sibling will be a suitable stem cell match for the existing child. In order to ensure a close match, and that the fetus is not affected by the disease, couples may choose to use preimplantation genetic testing which helps them select only matched embryos for implantation into the uterus. They may also decide to use prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion for any fetus they do not want to bring to term (Robertson, Kahn & Wagner, 2002).
Over the duration of the last century, abortion in the Western hemisphere has become a largely controversial topic that affects every human being. In the United States, at current rates, one in three women will have had an abortion by the time they reach the age of 45. The questions surrounding the laws are of moral, social, and medical dilemmas that rely upon the most fundamental principles of ethics and philosophy. At the center of the argument is the not so clear cut lines dictating what life is, or is not, and where a fetus finds itself amongst its meaning. In an effort to answer the question, lawmakers are establishing public policies dictating what a woman may or may not do with consideration to her reproductive rights. The drawback, however, is that there is no agreement upon when life begins and at which point one crosses the line from unalienable rights to murder.
... Although, the media and the government often try to convince women otherwise, the only person who has a right to your body is yourself, not a baby nor a man. Pro-life advocates use guilt to convince women that a fetus, which is nothing more than a lump of cells, takes precedent and has a greater right to your body than you do. Thompson’s many examples throughout her paper provide strong evidence towards proving her stance and have convinced me to have an elevated understanding of a woman’s right to her body.
Rob Stein wrote an article about a mother Lori Martin called “Proposed Treatment to Fix Genetic Disease that Raises Ethical Issues.” Lori Martins, is a mother from Houston that found out that her son Will was born with a...
...sues of his time, such as also saving the French’s silk industry after a mysterious disease attacked their nurseries, or creating the anthrax and rabies vaccines while revolutionizing the vaccination methods still in use partly today. He was given the highest scientific awards of his time and buried with prestige in a special location in France, a sure sign of respect for the bequeathed information we received from this great man (Ullmann, “Louis”). His discoveries created multiple different disciplines of science, saved many lives, prevented industrial collapses in his country, and are still very valid and strong ideas today. His legacy lives on in the multiple branches of science that he was simply too busy to allow the necessary amount of time to properly research. This is the type of man that our generation should look up to as a hero and use as an influence.